Dutch Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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{| style="float:left; margin-right: 15px; width:240px;"
Dutch (like English and German), is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon. <br>
|-
| __TOC__
|}
 
Dutch (''Nederlands''), like English and German, is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon. Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium (Flanders), the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname.
 
Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well.


Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch.
Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname. Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended&nbsp; from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well . <br>Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch. <br>The "Additional Resources" section below will tell you how to use the FamilySearch Catalog to find dictionaries of the various dialects and related languages.  


In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan.  
In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan.  


It is very closely related to the dialects of northern Germany known as [[Low German Language in German Research|Low German]].  Indeed, the traditional dialects along the Dutch-German border are virtually the same.  You may want to read about the linguistic situation in the [[Languages in the Lower Rhine Area of Germany|lower Rhine]] area or about [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland|spelling variations]] there.
== Key Words ==
 
== Additional Resources  ==
 
*[https://script.byu.edu/dutch-handwriting/introduction BYU Script Dutch Tutorial]
 
==Key Words==


To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.  
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For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Dutch words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Dutch records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Dutch words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Dutch records to indicate marriage.  


{| class="wikitable plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |English
| '''English'''
! scope="col" |Dutch
| '''Dutch'''
|-
|-
|baptism/christening
| baptism  
|dopen, doop, gedoopt
| dopen, doop, gedoopt
|-
|-
|birth
| birth  
|geboorte, geboren
| geboren, geboorte
|-
|-
|burial
| burial  
|begraven, begraaf
| begraven, begraaf
|-
|-
|Catholic
| Catholic  
|rooms katholiek
| rooms katholiek, oud katholiek
|-
|-
|census
| census  
|volkstelling, bevolking
| volkstelling, bevolking
|-
|-
|child, children
| child, children  
|kind, kinderen
| kind, kinderen
|-
|-
|city
| christening (see baptism)
|stad
| <br>
|-
|-
|civil registration
| civil registry
|burgerlijke stand
| burgerlijke stand
|-
|-
|death
| death  
|overleden, overlijden, gestorven
| overleden, overlijden, gestorven
|-
|-
|father
| father  
|vader
| vader
|-
|-
|husband
| husband  
|man
| echtgenoot, man
|-
|-
|index
| index  
|tafel, klapper, fiche
| tafel, klapper, fiche
|-
|-
|Jewish
| Jewish  
|joods
| joods
|-
|-
|marriage(s)
| marriage(s)  
|huwelijk(en), trouwen, echt, gehuwden, getrouwd
| huwelijk(en), trouwen, echt, gehuwden, getrouwd
|-
|-
|military
| military  
|militaire, landweer, krijgsmacht
| militaire, landweer, krijgsmacht
|-
|-
|month
| month  
|maand
| maand
|-
|-
|mother
| mother  
|moeder
| moeder
|-
|-
|municipality
| name, given
|gemeente
| voornaam, eerste naam
|-
|-
|name, given
| name, surname
|voornaam, eerste naam
| achternaam, familienaam, bijnaam, toenaam
|-
|-
|name, surname
| parents
|achternaam, familienaam, bijnaam, toenaam
| ouders
|-
|-
|parents
| parish
|ouders
| parochie, gemeente
|-
|-
|parish
| Protestant
|parochie, statie
| protestant
|-
|-
|Protestant
| supplement
|protestant
| bijlage
|-
|-
|spouse, partner
| town, village
|echtgenoot
| stad, gemeente, dorp
|-
|-
|supplement
| wife
|bijlage
| huisvrouw, vrouw, echtgenote
|-
|-
|town, village
| year  
|dorp, buurtschaap
| jaar
|-
|wife
|huisvrouw, vrouw
|-
|year
|jaar
|}
|}


==Numbers==
== Numbers ==


In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.  
In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.  


{| class="wikitable"
{|
|-
|-
|'''Cardinal'''
| '''Cardinal'''  
|
|  
|'''Ordinal'''
| '''Ordinal'''  
|
|  
|-
|-
|1
| 1  
|een
| een  
|1st
| 1st  
|eerste
| eerste
|-
|-
|2
| 2  
|twee
| twee  
|2nd
| 2nd  
|tweede
| tweede
|-
|-
|3
| 3  
|drie
| drie  
|3rd
| 3rd  
|derde
| derde
|-
|-
|4
| 4  
|vier
| vier  
|4th
| 4th  
|vierde
| vierde
|-
|-
|5
| 5  
|vijf
| vijf  
|5th
| 5th  
|vijfde
| vijfde
|-
|-
|6
| 6  
|zes
| zes  
|6th
| 6th  
|zesde
| zesde
|-
|-
|7
| 7  
|zeven
| zeven  
|7th
| 7th  
|zevende
| zevende
|-
|-
|8
| 8  
|acht
| acht  
|8th
| 8th  
|achtste
| achtste
|-
|-
|9
| 9  
|negen
| negen  
|9th
| 9th  
|negende
| negende
|-
|-
|10
| 10  
|tien
| tien  
|10th
| 10th  
|tiende
| tiende
|-
|-
|11
| 11  
|elf
| elf  
|11th
| 11th  
|elfde
| elfde
|-
|-
|12
| 12  
|twaalf
| twaalf  
|12th
| 12th  
|twaalfde
| twaalfde
|-
|-
|13
| 13  
|dertien
| dertien  
|13th
| 13th  
|dertiende
| dertiende
|-
|-
|14
| 14  
|veertien
| veertien  
|14th
| 14th  
|veertiende
| veertiende
|-
|-
|15
| 15  
|vijftien
| vijftien  
|15th
| 15th  
|vijftiende
| vijftiende
|-
|-
|16
| 16  
|zestien
| zestien  
|16th
| 16th  
|zestiende
| zestiende
|-
|-
|17
| 17  
|zeventien
| zeventien  
|17th
| 17th  
|zeventiende
| zeventiende
|-
|-
|18
| 18  
|achttien
| achttien  
|18th
| 18th  
|achttiende
| achttiende
|-
|-
|19
| 19  
|negentie
| negentie  
|19th
| 19th  
|negentiende
| negentiende
|-
|-
|20
| 20  
|twintig
| twintig  
|20th
| 20th  
|twintigste
| twintigste
|-
|-
|21
| 21  
|eenentwintig
| eenentwintig  
|21st
| 21st  
|eenentwintigste
| eenentwintigste
|-
|-
|22
| 22  
|tweeëntwintig
| tweeëntwintig  
|22th
| 22th  
|tweeëntwintigste
| tweeëntwintigste
|-
|-
|23
| 23  
|drieentwintig
| drieentwintig  
|23th
| 23th  
|drieentwintigste
| drieentwintigste
|-
|-
|24
| 24  
|vierentwintig
| vierentwintig  
|24th
| 24th  
|vierentwintigste
| vierentwintigste
|-
|-
|25
| 25  
|vijfentwintig
| vijfentwintig  
|25th
| 25th  
|vijfentwintigste
| vijfentwintigste
|-
|-
|26
| 26  
|zesentwintig
| zesentwintig  
|26th
| 26th  
|zesentwintigste
| zesentwintigste
|-
|-
|27
| 27  
|zevenentwintig
| zevenentwintig  
|27th
| 27th  
|zevenentwintigste
| zevenentwintigste
|-
|-
|28
| 28  
|achtentwintig
| achtentwintig  
|28th
| 28th  
|achtentwintigste
| achtentwintigste
|-
|-
|29
| 29  
|negenentwintig
| negenentwintig  
|29th
| 29th  
|negenentwintigste
| negenentwintigste
|-
|-
|30
| 30  
|dertig
| dertig  
|30th
| 30th  
|dertigste
| dertigste
|-
|-
|31
| 31  
|eenendertig
| eenendertig  
|31th
| 31th  
|eenendertigste
| eenendertigste
|-
|-
|40
| 40  
|veertig
| veertig  
|40th
| 40th  
|veertigste
| veertigste
|-
|-
|50
| 50  
|vijftig
| vijftig  
|50th
| 50th  
|vijftigste
| vijftigste
|-
|-
|60
| 60  
|zestig
| zestig  
|60th
| 60th  
|zestigste
| zestigste
|-
|-
|70
| 70  
|zeventig
| zeventig  
|70th
| 70th  
|zevenstigte
| zevenstigte
|-
|-
|80
| 80  
|tachtig
| tachtig  
|80th
| 80th  
|tachtigste
| tachtigste
|-
|-
|90
| 90  
|negentig
| negentig  
|90th
| 90th  
|negentigste
| negentigste
|-
|-
|100
| 100  
|honderd
| honderd  
|100th
| 100th  
|honderdste
| honderdste
|-
|-
|101
| 101  
|honderd(en)een
| honderd(en)een  
|101st
| 101st  
|honderd(en)eerste
| honderd(en)eerste
|-
|-
|200
| 200  
|tweehonderd
| tweehonderd  
|200th
| 200th  
|tweehonderdste
| tweehonderdste
|-
|-
|1000
| 1000  
|duizend
| duizend  
|1000th
| 1000th  
|duizendste
| duizendste
|}
|}


==Dates and Time==
== Dates and Time ==


In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:  
In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:  


Donderdag, drie en twintig maart in het jaar van onse heer een duizend acht hondert en zesendertig [Thursday, three and twenty March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and thirty].  
Donderdag, drie en twintig maart in het jaar van onse heer een duizend acht hondert en zesendertig [Thursday, three and twenty March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and thirty].  
The names of months and days of the week are never capitalized in Dutch. 


To understand Dutch dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.  
To understand Dutch dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.  


===Months===
=== Months ===


{| class="wikitable"
{|
|-
|-
! scope="col" |English
| '''English'''
! scope="col" |Dutch
| '''Dutch'''
! scope="col" |Archaic Form
| '''Archaic Form'''
! scope="col" |English Translation
|  
|-
|-
|January
| January  
|januari
| Januari
|louwmaand
| louwmaand  
|tanning month
| tanning month
|-
|-
|February
| February  
|februari
| Februari
|sprokkelmaand
| sprokkelmaand  
|wood-gathering month
| wood-gathering month
|-
|-
|March
| March  
|maart
| Maart
|lentemaand
| lentemaand  
|spring month
| spring month
|-
|-
|April
| April  
|april
| April
|grasmaand
| grasmaand  
|grass month
| grass month
|-
|-
|May
| May  
|mei
| Mei
|bloeimaand
| bloeimaand  
|blossom month
| blossom month
|-
|-
|June
| June  
|juni
| Juni
|zomermaand
| zomermaand  
|summer month
| summer month
|-
|-
|July
| July  
|juli
| Juli
|hooimaand
| hooimaand  
|hay month
| hay month
|-
|-
|August
| August  
|augustus
| Augustus
|oogstmaand
| oogstmaand  
|harvest month
| harvest month
|-
|-
|September
| September  
|september (7ber)
| September (7ber)  
|herfstmaand
| herfstmaand  
|autumn month
| autumn month
|-
|-
|October
| October  
|october (8ber)
| October (8ber)  
|wijnmaand
| wijnmaand  
|wine month
| wine month
|-
|-
|November
| November  
|november (9ber)
| November (9ber)  
|slachtmaand
| slachtmaand  
|slaughter month
| slaughter month
|-
|-
|December
| December  
|december (10ber)
| December (10ber)  
|wintermaand
| wintermaand  
|winter month
| winter month
|}
|}


===Days of the Week===
=== Days of the Week ===


{| class="wikitable"
{|
|-
|-
! scope="col" |English
| '''English'''
! scope="col" |Dutch
| '''Dutch'''
|-
|-
|Sunday
| Sunday  
|zondag
| Sondag
|-
|-
|Monday
| Monday  
|maandag
| Maandag
|-
|-
|Tuesday
| Tuesday  
|dinsdag
| Dinsdag
|-
|-
|Wednesday
| Wednesday  
|woensdag
| Woensdag
|-
|-
|Thursday
| Thursday  
|donderdag
| Donderdag
|-
|-
|Friday
| Friday  
|vrijdag
| Vrijdag
|-
|-
|Saturday
| Saturday  
|zaterdag
| Zaterdag
|}
|}


===Times of the Day===
=== Times of the Day ===


Dutch birth and death records often indicated the time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  
Dutch birth and death records often indicated the time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.  


{| class="wikitable"
{|
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
| '''Dutch'''
! scope="col" |English
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|des avonds ('s avonds)
| des avonds ('s avonds)  
|in the evening
| in the evening
|-
|-
|des middags ('s middags)
| des middags ('s middags)  
|in the afternoon
| in the afternoon
|-
|-
|des morgens ('s morgens)
| des morgens ('s morgens)  
|in the morning
| in the morning
|-
|-
|des nachts ('s nachts)
| des nachts ('s nachts)  
|in the night
| in the night
|-
|-
|in de namiddag
| in de namiddag  
|in the mid-afternoon
| in the mid-afternoon
|-
|-
|in de voormiddag
| in de voormiddag  
|in the mid-morning
| in the mid-morning
|}
|}


==Occupations==
== Alphabetical Wordlist  ==


{| class="wikitable"
==== A  ====
|-
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" |English
|-
|akkerbouwer
|farmer
|-
|amanuensis
|amanuensis
|-
|apothekersbediende
|pharmacy clerk
|-
|arbeider
|worker
|-
|bakker
|baker
|-
|bakkersknecht
|baker's apprentice
|-
|banketbakker
|confectioner
|-
|barbier
|barber
|-
|bediende
|clerk
|-
|behanger
|paperhanger
|-
|besteller
|postman
|-
|beurtschipper
|skipper
|-
|bierbrouwer
|brewer
|-
|bierbrouwers knecht
|brewers servant
|-
|-
|bleeker
! scope="col" | Dutch
|paler
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|blikslager
| aan
|tinsmith
| upon, to
|-
|-
|boek drukkers gezel
| aangenomen naam
|journeyman printers
| named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname
|-
|-
|boekbinder
| aannemen
|bookbinder
| to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on
|-
|-
|boekdrukker
| aanneming
|printer
| confirmation
|-
|-
|boerenknecht
| aannemingsdag
|farmhand
| day of confirmation
|-
|-
|boschwachter
| aanstaande
|woodranger
| next, toward, following, expectant, future, impending
|-
|-
|brievenbesteller
| aanval
|postman
| stroke, attack
|-
|-
|brievengaarder
| aarde
|village postmaster
| earth (buried in), ground
|-
|-
|broodbakker
| aardrijkskundig woordenboek
|baker
| gazetteer
|-
|-
|colporteur
| acht
|canvasser
| eight
|-
|-
|conducteur
| achtenswaardig
|conductor
| respectable, honorable
|-
|-
|daghuurder
| achtentwintig
|days tenant
| twenty-eight
|-
|-
|dagloner
| achtentwintigste
|day laborer
| twenty-eighth
|-
|-
|dekker
| achterkleindochter
|roofer
| great-granddaughter
|-
|-
|dienstbode
| achterkleinzoon
|servant
| great-grandson
|-
|-
|dienstmeid
| achternaam
|maid servant
| surname, last name
|-
|-
|geneesheer
| achtste
|physician
| eighth
|-
|-
|gepensioneerde
| achttien
|pensioner
| eighteen
|-
|-
|gepensioneerd soldaat
| achttiende
|retired soldier
| eighteenth
|-
|-
|gerechtsdienaar
| adel
|justiciary
| nobility
|-
|-
|goudsmid
| adellijk
|goldsmith
| noble, titled
|-
|-
|gruster
| aderlating
| ??
| bleeding, bloodletting
|-
|-
|hoefsmid
| adresboek
|blacksmith
| directory
|-
|-
|horlogemaker
| advocaat
|watchmaker
| notary, lawyer
|-
|-
|houtzager
| afkondigen
|sawyer
| to post banns
|-
|-
|huisknecht
| afkondigingen
|servant
| proclamations, banns
|-
|-
|kaasmaker
| afschrift(en)
|cheese maker
| extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy
|-
|-
|kantoorbediende
| afwezig
|clerk
| absent
|-
|-
|kassier
| akte
|cashier
| certificate, deed, license
|-
|-
|kastelein
| alhier
|landlord
| here, at this place, locally
|-
|-
|kastenmaker
| alle
|cabinet-maker
| all, every
|-
|-
|kleermaker/kleedermaker/kledermaker
| alleen
|tailor
| alone, single, only
|-
|-
|koetsier
| altijd, steeds
|coachman
| always
|-
|-
|koperslager
| ambt
|coppersmith
| office, function, post
|-
|-
|kostschoolhouder
| ambtelijk
|container boarding
| official, professional
|-
|-
|kramer
| ambtenaar
|pedlar, hawker
| official, registrar, civil servant, clerk
|-
|-
|kruidenier knecht
| ander(s)
|grocery servant
| other
|-
|-
|kuiper
| anders genoemd
|cooper
| alias, also known as
|-
|-
|kurken snijder
| angiften
|cork cutter
| intentions (marriage), declarations
|-
|-
|laagmolenaarsgezel
| Apostolisch
|low apprentice
| Apostolic
|-
|-
|ladelmaker
| April, april
|label maker ??
| April
|-
|-
|landbouwer
| arbeider
|farmer
| laborer
|-
|-
|landeigenaar
| archief
|land owner
| archive
|-
|-
|landmeter
| archieven
|surveyor
| archives
|-
|-
|leeraar
| Augustus, augustus
|teacher
| August
|-
|-
|leerlooier
| avond ('s avonds)
|tanner
| evening, (in the evening)
|-
|-
|leestenmaker
| Avondmaal
| ??
| communion, sacrament
|-
|letterzetter
|compositor
|-
|lijkbezorger
|mortician
|-
|logementhouder
|innkeeper
|-
|loodgieter
|plumber
|-
|meubelmaker
|joiner
|-
|molenaar
|miller
|-
|mutsenmaakster
|milliner
|-
|muziekonderwijzer
|music teacher
|-
|muzikant
|musician
|-
|muzijkmeester
|??
|-
|naaister
|seamstress
|-
|notaris
|notary
|-
|onderwijzer
|teacher
|-
|oppermachtmeester
|supremacy master
|-
|opperwachtmeester
|sergeant major
|-
|oppasser
|keeper
|-
|opzigter
|overseer
|-
|pakhuisknecht
|warehouseman
|-
|papiermaker
|papermaker
|-
|particulier
|private
|-
|pettenmaker
|hat maker
|-
|postbode
|mailman
|-
|pottenbakker
|potter
|-
|procureur
|attorney
|-
|rietdekker
|thatcher
|-
|schaap
|
|-
|scharenslijper
|grinder
|-
|scheepsroeier
|ship's rower
|-
|scheepstimmerman
|shipwright
|-
|schilder
|painter
|-
|schoenmaker
|shoemaker
|-
|schrijnwerker
|joiner
|-
|shipper
|skipper
|-
|sjouwer
|porter
|-
|slager
|butcher
|-
|smid
|smith
|-
|spoorbeambte
|guard rail
|-
|spoorwegbeambte
|railway employee
|-
|stalhouder
|jobber,liveryman
|-
|steendrukker
|lithographer
|-
|steenfabriekant
|stone manufacturer side
|-
|steenhouwer
|stonemason
|-
|stoelenmaker
|chair maker
|-
|stratenmaker
|road worker
|-
|stroodekker
|straw decker
|-
|stukadoor
|plasterer
|-
|tabakshandelaar
|tobacco merchant
|-
|tabaksplanter
|tabacco farmer
|-
|timmerman
|carpenter
|-
|torenwachter
|watchman
|-
|touwslager
|rope-maker
|-
|turfdrager
|peat carrier
|-
|uitdrager
|broker
|-
|veearts
|veterinarian
|-
|veldwachter
|patrolman
|-
|verwer
|processing
|-
|visscher
|fisherman
|-
|voerman
|carter
|-
|voermandgezel
|food basket companion
|-
|voermansknecht
|carter servant
|-
|wagenmaker
|wagon maker or wheelwright
|-
|warmoezenier
|market
|-
|werkster aan den papiermolen
|worker at the paper mill
|-
|wethouder
|alderman
|-
|wijnhandelaar
|wine merchant
|-
|wijnkoopersgezel
|wine-merchant companion
|-
|wijnkoopersknecht
|wine-merchant's servant
|-
|winkelier
|shopkeeper (male)
|-
|winkelierster
|shopkeeper (female)
|-
|wisselwachter
|switchman
|-
|zadelmaker
|saddler
|-
|zilversmid
|silversmith
|}
|}


==Spelling and Grammar==
==== B ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
===Grammar===
 
In Dutch, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives the standard form of each Dutch word. As you read Dutch records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.
 
The prefix '''''t''''' is equal to the Dutch word het, which means the. The prefix ''s-'' is a part of many place-names and means ''des ''(of the). All prefixes are disregarded in alphabetized lists, except in Flemish records.
 
The endings of words in a document may differ from what you find in this list. For example, the document may use the word ''jonger'', but you will find it in this word list as ''jong''. In addition, the suffixes ''-je, -tje,-tien'', or -''ke ''are often added to words to indicate "little." These suffixes can also indicate the feminine version of a name. Therefore, the word ''zoontje ''means "little" or "young (tje) son (zoon)." The ending -''sdr ''means "daughter of."
 
Plural forms of Dutch words usually add -''en ''or -''s ''to the singular word. Thus ''boer'' (farmer) becomes ''boeren'' (farmers), and ''tafel'' (table or index) becomes ''tafels'' (tables or indexes). Rarely, -''eren'' is added to form the plural. Examples: ''blad'' becomes ''bladeren'' (leaves [of a tree]), ''kind'' becomes ''kinderen'' (children).
 
In Dutch, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, ''geboortedag'' is a combination of two words, ''geboorte ''(birth) and ''dag'' (day).
 
===Alphabet===
 
IJ is equivalent to a Y. If a word whose first letter is to be capitalized starts with IJ, then both must be capitalized. Usually words beginning with IJ are alphabetized under Y, but not always.
 
When the Dutch alphabetize names of places or surnames, prefixes such as ''van der, de, ''or ''ter ''are not considered in the alphabetization.
 
'''Example:'''
 
ten '''B'''rock
 
van der '''G'''raf
 
's-'''G'''ravenhage
 
van '''H'''ijden
 
de '''J'''ong
 
van '''L'''eeuwen
 
ter '''P'''elkwijk
 
van '''IJ'''lst
 
't '''Z'''andt
 
===Spelling===
 
Most writers from before the 18th century would have found the idea of a single spelling for any particular word rather odd. If several possible spelling variants are available, why should one be limited to only one choice? Early writers certainly took advantage of the many possibilities available to them. After all, variety is the spice of life. In modern Dutch, the sound represented by the English word ‘I’ can be rendered by several letter sets, including ‘ij’ and ‘ei.’ Again, writers from previous centuries could and did use either of these in addition to several others that are not in common use today to render the ‘I’ sound.
 
:y, i, ij and j can all be interchanged for each other. Note that technically the letter y did not traditionally exist in Dutch.
 
:g used for ch
 
:d, dt and t can all be interchanged for each other.
 
:j and i used interchangeably
 
:s and z used interchangeably
 
:sch used for ss
 
:vowels (a,e,o,i,u) being repeated, and vice-versa
 
:Abbreviations being used such as 't for het, 's for des.
 
::'''Example:'''
 
::echt spelled as egt
 
::overlijden spelled as overlyden
 
::Arie spelled as Arij
 
::Marietje spelled as Marietie
 
::gekomen spelled as gekoomen
 
::zondag spelled as sondag
 
::Tussenbroek spelled as Tusschenbroek
 
In the vast majority of cases, the variant spellings represent the same pronunciation as the standard form. Some are simply antiquated; others are dialect forms. We will not consider personal names or words that have Latin endings, such as ‘Aprilis.’ We will, however, consider some place names.  The traditional dialect of northern Germany, [[Low German Language in German Research|Low German]], is very closely related to Dutch.
 
The researcher should not be alarmed, nor think the scribe ‘did not know how to spell,’ when he encounters these variants. Many of these variants will be found well into the 19th century. In some cases, it is impossible to tell whether the scribe wrote ‘ij’ or ‘y’. Although we list a few of these, to list every possible variation with this set would be superfluous.<ref>Juengling, Fritz. "Spelling Variants in Dutch Documents." Dutch-American Genealogy Spring 2015: 1-8.</ref><br><br>
 
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" |Standard Dutch
! scope="col" |Variant
|-
|aangenomen
|aen genoomen
|-
|acht
|agt
|-
|achttien
|agtien
|-
|-
|avondmaal
! scope="col" | Dutch
|avondtmael, avontmael
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|ambtenaar
| bad(plaats)
|ambtenaer
| resort, spa, bath
|-
|-
|august
| baker
|oogst
| dry nurse
|-
|-
|Christelijke
| bakker
|crijstelijcke
| baker
|-
|-
|dag
| bedelaar
|dagh, dach
| beggar
|-
|-
|dertien
| bedrag
|dartien
| fee, amount (of money)
|-
|-
|dertig
| bedrijf
|dartig
| trade, business, concern
|-
|-
|dezes
| begraafplaats
|deses
| cemetery
|-
|-
|Dinsdag
| begrafenis
|Dingsdag
| funeral
|-
|-
|dochter
| begraven
|dogter
| to bury
|-
|-
|dochtertje
| behoeftigden
|Dogtertje
| needy, indigent
|-
|-
|door
| behoren
|dooir
| to belong to
|-
|-
|duizend
| beide
|duizent, duyzend
| both
|-
|-
|een
| bejaard
|ëen
| aged
|-
|-
|februari
| bekende
|feeberijuarij
| acquaintance
|-
|-
|geboren
| belasting
|gebooren
| taxation
|-
|-
|geboorte
| Belg(isch)
|Gheboorte
| Belgian
|-
|-
|gebracht
| België
|gebragt
| Belgium
|-
|-
|gekocht
| bemerking
|gecogt
| remarks
|-
|-
|gekomen
| benadering
|geekomen
| approximation
|-
|-
|gedoopt
| berg
|gedooipt
| mountain
|-
|-
|gekomen
| beroep
|gekoomen
| trade, occupation
|-
|-
|genaamt
| beschrijving
|genaemt, genaemd, genaempt
| description
|-
|-
|geslacht
| beslagnemen
|geslagt
| to seize
|-
|-
|gestorven
| besnijdenis
|gestoruen
| circumcision
|-
|-
|getuigen
| bet-overgrootvader
|getuygen, getuijgen
| second great-grandfather
|-
|-
|gevluchte
| bet-bet-overgrootvader
|gevlugte
| third great-grandfather
|-
|-
|heden
| betrekking
|heeden
| in relation to, relatives
|-
|-
|huisvrouw
| betuiging
|huijsvrouw, huysvrouwe, huÿsvrouw
| declaration, expression
|-
|-
|huwelijk
| bevolking
|houwelijk
| population
|-
|-
|jaar
| bevolkingsregister
|jaer, jaere
| population register
|-
|-
|jaren
| bewaarder
|jaeren
| guardian, warden
|-
|-
|januari
| bewijs
|January
| certificate, proof
|-
|-
|juni
| bewijs van overlijden
|Junij
| proof of death, death certificate
|-
|-
|kerk
| bewijs van trouwen
|kerck
| proof of marriage, marriage certificate
|-
|-
|kind
| bidden
|kindt, kinnd
| to pray, to request
|-
|-
|kleermaker
| bijlagen
|kledermaker
| supplemental documents
|-
|-
|knecht
| bijna
|knegt
| almost, nearly
|-
|-
|laten
| bijnaam
|laeten
| surname, nickname
|-
|-
|ledematen
| bijzit
|leedematen,leede maten, leede maaet
| mistress, concubine
|-
|-
|licht
| binnenkant
|ligt
| inside
|-
|-
|maand
| biografie
|maend
| biography
|-
|-
|maandag
| bisdom
|maendag
| diocese
|-
|-
|maart
| bladzijde (blz.)
|maert, meert
| page
|-
|-
| -maker
| bloedverwant
| -maacker
| blood relative
|-
|-
|mei
| bloeimaand
|Maaij
| blossoming month, May
|-
|-
|metselaar
| boek
|metzelaar
| book
|-
|-
|mochten
| boer
|mogten
| farmer
|-
|-
|naar
| boerenarbeider
|naer
| cottager, farmhand, worker
|-
|-
|'s nachts
| boerenknecht
|'s nachs
| farm worker
|-
|-
|namen (noun)
| bos
|naemen
| woods, forest
|-
|-
|negentig
| bosbaas
|t'negentig
| forester
|-
|-
|nemen
| bosch
|neemen
| woods, forest (old spelling of the word)
|-
|-
|november
| boswachter
|nohvembr
| forester
|-
|-
|onecht
| boven
|onegt
| above, over, upstairs
|-
|-
|ontvangen
| bovengemelden
|ontfangen
| above-mentioned
|-
|-
|Oostvlaanderen
| braaf
|Oostvlaenderen
| honest, worthy, good
|-
|-
|oud
| broeder, broer
|oudt
| brother
|-
|-
|paard
| brouwer
|peerd
| brewer
|-
|-
|personen
| brug
|paersoone
| bridge
|-
|-
|plaats
| bruid
|plaets
| bride
|-
|-
|raad
| bruidegom
|raed, raedt
| bridegroom
|-
|-
|rechter
| buiten(kant)
|regter
| outside
|-
|-
|sedert
| buitenechtelijk
|zeedert
| illegitimate
|-
|-
|soldaat
| burgemeester
|zoldaat
| mayor
|-
|-
|tachtig
| burgelijke administralie
|tagtig
| civil administration
|-
|-
|tijd
| burger
|teyd
| citizen
|-
|-
|tussen
| burgerboek
|tuschen, tusschen
| citizenship book
|-
|-
|vader
| burgerlijke ambtenaar
|vaader
| civil registrar
|-
|-
|verklaard
| burgerlijke stand
|verklaerd
| civil registration, civil administration
|-
|-
|verstorven
| burgerschap
|verstoruen, uerstoruen, versturven, voorstoruen,
| citizenship
voor storuen
|-
|-
|verzocht
| buurman
|verzogt
| neighbor
|-
|-
|vijftig
| buurtschap
|vyftig
| neighborhood
|-
|vleeschhouwer
|vleeshouwer
|-
|volmacht
|volmagt
|-
|vrijdag
|Vrydag
|-
|wezen
|weezen
|-
|woonachtig
|wonagtig, woonachtigh
|-
|zaterdag
|Saterdag
|-
|zelven
|selven
|-
|zestig
|tsestig
|-
|zeven
|seven, zeeven, seeven
|-
|zeventien
|seventien
|-
|zich
|zig
|-
|zijn
|sijn, syn, zyn
|-
|zijne
|syne
|-
|zoon
|soon, sone, soone
|-
|zuster
|susther
|}
|}


===Additional Resources===
==== C ====
For further help, use a Dutch-English dictionary. Several Dutch-English dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.31321.
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
 
The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in FamilySearch Centers:
 
''Dutch-English, English-Dutch Van Goor Dictionary''. 's-Gravenhage: G. B. Van Goor, 1938. (FS Library film 1183584 item 2.)
 
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject search of the FamilySearch Catalog under DUTCH LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the Place search under NETHERLANDS - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES. These include dictionaries of various dialects and time periods.
 
On the following Internet address [http://gtb.inl.nl/ Integrated Language Bank] you can find: a modern Dutch dictionary, old, early Middle Ages and later Middle Ages Dutch dictionaries and a Frisian dictionary.
 
The [[Image:German Gothic Handwriting Guide.pdf|Gothic Handwriting Guide|link=https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/File:German_Gothic_Handwriting_Guide.pdf]]includes an example of the German (Gothic) alphabet in print and handwriting. Also go to [[Germany Handwriting]].
 
''See the FamilySearch Tutorials on ''[https://www.familysearch.org/help/helpcenter/lessons/beginner-dutch-handwriting-quirks-dutch-names ''"Reading Dutch Written Records" '']
*[[Media:1-NL Civil Registration Birth Records-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Birth Records]]
*[[Media:1-NL Marriage Records in Paragraph Format-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Marriage Records]]
*[[Media:1-NL Civil Registration Death Records-Instruction.pdf|Reading Dutch Death Records]]
 
''Cassell’s English–Dutch Dutch–English Dictionary.'' 36th ed. New York: Macmillan, 1981. (FS Library book 439.31321 Ca272.)
 
Stierp–Impink, A. C. ''Practisijns Woordenboekje, of Verzameling van Meest alle de Woorden in de Rechtskunde Gebruikelijk (Lawyer’s Dictionary, or List of Most Words Used in Legal Documents).'' Alkmaar: A. C. Stierp–Impink, 1985. (FS Library book 949.2 P26s.) This legal dictionary, originally created in 1785, identifies words found in court, land, notarial, and guardianship records.
 
Verdam, J. ''Middelnederlandsch Handwoordenboek (Middle Dutch Dictionary).'' ’s-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, 1964. (FS Library book 439.317 V582m; film 1045404 item 2.) This dictionary will help with most archaic words found in documents before 1811.
 
Additional language aids, including dictionaries of various dialects and time periods, are listed in the Place search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
 
NETHERLANDS – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES
 
NETHERLANDS, [PROVINCE] – LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES
 
or in the "Subject Search" under:
 
DUTCH LANGUAGE – DICTIONARIES
 
==Alphabetical Word List==
 
====A====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" |English
|-
|aan
|upon, to
|-
|aangenomen naam
|named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname
|-
|aannemen
|to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on
|-
|aanneming
|confirmation
|-
|aannemingsdag
|day of confirmation
|-
|aanstaande
|next, toward, following, expectant, future, impending
|-
|aanval
|stroke, attack
|-
|aarde
|earth (buried in), ground
|-
|aardrijkskundig woordenboek
|gazetteer
|-
|acht
|eight
|-
|achtenswaardig
|respectable, honorable
|-
|achtentwintig
|twenty-eight
|-
|achtentwintigste
|twenty-eighth
|-
|achterkleindochter
|great-granddaughter
|-
|achterkleinzoon
|great-grandson
|-
|achternaam
|surname, last name
|-
|achtste
|eighth
|-
|achttien
|eighteen
|-
|achttiende
|eighteenth
|-
|adel
|nobility
|-
|adellijk
|noble, titled
|-
|aderlating
|bleeding, bloodletting
|-
|adresboek
|directory
|-
|advocaat
|notary, lawyer
|-
|afkondigen
|to post banns
|-
|afkondigingen
|proclamations, banns
|-
|afschrift(en)
|extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy
|-
|afwezig
|absent
|-
|akte
|certificate, deed, license
|-
|alhier
|here, at this place, locally
|-
|alle
|all, every
|-
|alleen
|alone, single, only
|-
|altijd, steeds
|always
|-
|ambt
|office, function, post
|-
|ambtelijk
|official, professional
|-
|ambtenaar
|official, registrar, civil servant, clerk
|-
|ander(s)
|other
|-
|anders genoemd
|alias, also known as
|-
|angiften
|intentions (marriage), declarations
|-
|Apostolisch
|Apostolic
|-
|April, april
|April
|-
|arbeider
|laborer
|-
|archief
|archive
|-
|archieven
|archives
|-
|Augustus, augustus
|August
|-
|avond ('s avonds)
|evening, (in the evening)
|-
|Avondmaal
|communion, sacrament
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
====B====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" |English
|-
|bad(plaats)
|resort, spa, bath
|-
|baker
|dry nurse
|-
|bakker
|baker
|-
|bedelaar
|beggar
|-
|bedrag
|fee, amount (of money)
|-
|bedrijf
|trade, business, concern
|-
|begraafplaats
|cemetery
|-
|begrafenis
|funeral
|-
|begraven
|to bury
|-
|behoeftigden
|needy, indigent
|-
|behoren
|to belong to
|-
|beide
|both
|-
|bejaard
|aged
|-
|bekende
|acquaintance
|-
|belasting
|taxation
|-
|Belg(isch)
|Belgian
|-
|België
|Belgium
|-
|bemerking
|remarks
|-
|benadering
|approximation
|-
|berg
|mountain
|-
|beroep
|trade, occupation
|-
|beschrijving
|description
|-
|beslagnemen
|to seize
|-
|besnijdenis
|circumcision
|-
|bestedelingenhuis
|poorhouse
|-
|bet-overgrootvader
|second great-grandfather
|-
|bet-bet-overgrootvader
|third great-grandfather
|-
|betrekking
|in relation to, relatives
|-
|betuiging
|declaration, expression
|-
|bevolking
|population
|-
|bevolkingsregister
|population register
|-
|bewaarder
|guardian, warden
|-
|bewijs
|certificate, proof
|-
|bewijs van overlijden
|proof of death, death certificate
|-
|bewijs van trouwen
|proof of marriage, marriage certificate
|-
|bidden
|to pray, to request
|-
|bijlagen
|supplemental documents
|-
|bijna
|almost, nearly
|-
|bijnaam
|surname, nickname
|-
|bijzit
|mistress, concubine
|-
|binnenkant
|inside
|-
|biografie
|biography
|-
|bisdom
|diocese
|-
|bladzijde (blz.)
|page
|-
|bloedverwant
|blood relative
|-
|bloeimaand
|blossoming month, May
|-
|boek
|book
|-
|boer
|farmer
|-
|boerenarbeider
|cottager, farmhand, worker
|-
|boerenknecht
|farm worker
|-
|bos
|woods, forest
|-
|bosbaas
|forester
|-
|bosch
|woods, forest (old spelling of the word)
|-
|boswachter
|forester
|-
|boven
|above, over, upstairs
|-
|bovengemelden
|above-mentioned
|-
|braaf
|honest, worthy, good
|-
|broeder, broer
|brother
|-
|brouwer
|brewer
|-
|brug
|bridge
|-
|bruid
|bride
|-
|bruidegom
|bridegroom
|-
|buiten
|without
|-
|buiten(kant)
|outside
|-
|buitenechtelijk
|illegitimate
|-
|burgemeester
|mayor
|-
|burgelijke administralie
|civil administration
|-
|burger
|citizen
|-
|-
|burgerboek
! scope="col" | Dutch
|citizenship book
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|burgerlijke ambtenaar
| communicanten
|civil registrar
| members, communicants
|-
|-
|burgerlijke stand
| comparant
|civil registration, civil administration
| one who appeared
|-
|-
|burgerschap
| compareerde
|citizenship
| appeared before
|-
|-
|buurman
| confirmatie
|neighbor
| confirmation
|-
|buurtschap
|neighborhood
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== D  ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====C====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|communicanten
| daar(heen)
|members, communicants
| there
|-
|-
|comparant
| dag
|one who appeared
| day
|-
|-
|compareerde
| dag der begravenis
|appeared before
| day of the burial, burial day
|-
|-
|confirmatie
| dagelijks
|confirmation
| daily
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
====D====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
| dagloner
! scope="col" |English
| day worker, day laborer
|-
|-
|daar(heen)
| dagteekening
|there
| document date
|-
|-
|dag
| dal
|day
| valley
|-
|-
|dag der begravenis
| dat
|day of the burial, burial day
| that
|-
|-
|dagelijks
| datum
|daily
| date
|-
|-
|dagloner
| de
|day worker, day laborer
| the
|-
|-
|dagteekening
| December, december
|document date
| December
|-
|-
|dal
| deden
|valley
| done
|-
|-
|dat
| deed
|that
| did
|-
|-
|datum
| deel
|date
| volume, part of
|-
|-
|de
| Deen
|the
| Dane
|-
|-
|December, december
| Deens
|December
| Danish
|-
|-
|deden
| degenen
|done
| those
|-
|-
|deed
| Denemarken
|did
| Denmark
|-
|-
|deel
| derde
|volume, part of
| third
|-
|-
|Deen
| dertien
|Dane
| thirteen
|-
|-
|Deens
| dertiende
|Danish
| thirteenth
|-
|-
|degenen
| dertig
|those
| thirty
|-
|-
|Denemarken
| dertigste
|Denmark
| thirtieth
|-
|-
|derde
| des
|third
| of the
|-
|-
|dertien
| dewelke
|thirteen
| of which, the which
|-
|-
|dertiende
| deze
|thirteenth
| this, these
|-
|-
|dertig
| diarree
|thirty
| diarrhea
|-
|-
|dertigste
| die
|thirtieth
| those, that
|-
|-
|des
| dienst
|of the
| service, employment
|-
|-
|dewelke
| dienstbode
|of which, the which
| servant
|-
|-
|deze
| dienstmeisje
|this, these
| servant girl
|-
|-
|diarree
| dienstsmeid
|diarrhea
| maid
|-
|-
|die
| dinsdag
|those, that
| Tuesday
|-
|-
|dienst
| diocees
|service, employment
| diocese
|-
|-
|dienstbode
| dit
|servant
| this
|-
|-
|dienstmeisje
| dochter(tje)
|servant girl
| (little) daughter
|-
|-
|dienstsmeid
| doen
|maid
| to do
|-
|-
|dinsdag
| dominee
|Tuesday
| minister
|-
|-
|diocees
| donderdag
|diocese
| Thursday
|-
|-
|dit
| dood
|this
| dead
|-
|-
|dochter(tje)
| dood geboren
|(little) daughter
| stillborn
|-
|-
|doen
| doodgraver
|to do
| sexton, grave digger
|-
|-
|dominee
| doop
|minister
| baptism, christening
|-
|-
|donderdag
| doopdag
|Thursday
| day of baptism
|-
|-
|dood
| doopregister
|dead
| baptismal register
|-
|-
|dood geboren
| Doopsgezinde
|stillborn
| Mennonite, Baptist
|-
|-
|doodgraver
| doopvader
|sexton, grave digger
| godfather, baptismal sponsor
|-
|-
|doop
| door
|baptism, christening
| through, by
|-
|-
|doopdag
| dopen
|day of baptism
| to baptize
|-
|-
|doopregister
| dorp
|baptismal register
| village
|-
|-
|Doopsgezinde
| drie
|Mennonite, Baptist
| three
|-
|-
|doopvader
| drieëntwintig
|godfather, baptismal sponsor
| twenty-three
|-
|-
|door
| drieëntwintigste
|through, by
| twenty-third
|-
|-
|dopen
| drupped
|to baptize
| gout
|-
|-
|dorp
| duits
|village
| German (language)
|-
|-
|drie
| duitser
|three
| German (person)
|-
|-
|drieëntwintig
| Duitsland
|twenty-three
| Germany
|-
|-
|drieëntwintigste
| duizend
|twenty-third
| thousand
|-
|-
|drupped
| duizendste
|gout
| thousandth
|-
|-
|duits
| duplicaat
|German (language)
| duplicate
|-
|-
|duitser
| dysenterie
|German (person)
| dysentery
|-
|Duitsland
|Germany
|-
|duizend
|thousand
|-
|duizendste
|thousandth
|-
|duplicaat
|duplicate
|-
|dysenterie
|dysentery
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== E ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====E====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|echt
| echt  
|marriage
| marriage
|-
|-
|echtbreker
| echtbreker  
|adulterer
| adulterer
|-
|-
|echtelieden
| echtelieden  
|spouses
| spouses
|-
|-
|echtgenoot
| echtgenoot  
|husband
| husband
|-
|-
|echtgenote
| echtgenote  
|wife
| wife
|-
|-
|echtgenoten
| echtgenoten  
|husband and wife, spouses
| husband and wife, spouses
|-
|-
|echtscheiding
| echtscheiding  
|divorce
| divorce
|-
|-
|echtverbintenis
| echtverbintenis  
|marriage
| marriage
|-
|-
|edel(man)
| edel(man)  
|noble(man)
| noble(man)
|-
|-
|een
| een  
|a, an, one
| a, an, one
|-
|-
|eenendertig
| eenendertig  
|thirty-one
| thirty-one
|-
|-
|eenendertigste
| eenendertigste  
|thirty-first
| thirty-first
|-
|-
|eenentwintig
| eenentwintig  
|twenty-one
| twenty-one
|-
|-
|eenjarig
| eenjarig  
|annual, yearly
| annual, yearly
|-
|-
|eerder
| eerder  
|before, previously, earlier
| before, previously, earlier
|-
|-
|eergisteren
| eergisteren  
|day before yesterday
| day before yesterday
|-
|-
|eerlijk
| eerlijk  
|honest
| honest
|-
|-
|eertijds
| eertijds  
|formerly
| formerly
|-
|-
|eeuw
| eeuw  
|century
| century
|-
|-
|ehelieden
| ehelieden  
|spouses
| spouses
|-
|-
|eigenaar
| eigenaar  
|owner, proprietor
| owner, proprietor
|-
|-
|eigengeërfde
| eigengeërfde  
|yeoman, freeholder
| yeoman, freeholder
|-
|-
|eiland, eilant
| eiland, eilant  
|island
| island
|-
|-
|elf
| elf  
|eleven
| eleven
|-
|-
|elfde
| elfde  
|eleventh
| eleventh
|-
|-
|elk
| elk  
|each, every
| each, every
|-
|-
|emigrant
| emigrant  
|emigrant
| emigrant
|-
|-
|emigranten register
| emigranten register  
|emigration file
| emigration file
|-
|-
|emigratie papieren
| emigratie papieren  
|emigration records
| emigration records
|-
|-
|en
| en  
|and
| and
|-
|-
|enig
| enig  
|only, single
| only, single
|-
|-
|erfenis
| erfenis  
|inheritance
| inheritance
|-
|-
|erkennende
| erkennende  
|recognizing, acknowledging
| recognizing, acknowledging
|-
|-
|ervan
| ervan  
|of it
| of it
|-
|-
|ervoor
| ervoor  
|for it
| for it
|-
|-
|Evangelisch
| Evangelisch
|evangelical
| evangelical
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== F ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====F====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|fabriek
| fabriek  
|factory, mill
| factory, mill
|-
|-
|familie-geschiedenis
| familie-geschiedenis  
|family history
| family history
|-
|-
|familieleden
| familieleden
|family members,relatives
| family members,relatives
|-
|-
|familielijst
| familielijst  
|family list, group sheet
| family list, group sheet
|-
|-
|familienaam
| familienaam  
|family name, surname
| family name, surname
|-
|-
|familiewapen
| familiewapen  
|familycoat of arms
| familycoat of arms
|-
|-
|Februarij, februari
| Februarij, februari  
|February
| February
|-
|-
|feestdag
| feestdag  
|feast day, holiday
| feast day, holiday
|-
|-
|fiches
| fiches  
|index cards
| index cards
|-
|-
|florijn
| florijn  
|guilder
| guilder
|-
|-
|Frankrijk
| Frankrijk  
|France
| France
|-
|-
|frans
| frans  
|French
| French
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== G ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====G====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|gangbaar
| gangbaar  
|current
| current
|-
|-
|geboorte
| geboorte  
|birth
| birth
|-
|-
|geboorteakte
| geboorteakte  
|birth certificate
| birth certificate
|-
|-
|geboortebewijs
| geboortebewijs  
|proof of birth,birth certificate
| proof of birth,birth certificate
|-
|-
|geboorteplaats
| geboorteplaats  
|place of birth
| place of birth
|-
|-
|geboortetijd
| geboortetijd
|time of birth
| time of birth
|-
|-
|geboortig
| geboortig  
|born at, native of
| born at, native of
|-
|-
|geboren
| geboren
|born, maiden name, née
| born, maiden name, née
|-
|-
|gebracht
| gebracht  
|brought, placed, charged, put, been
| brought, placed, charged, put, been
|-
|-
|gedelegeerden
| gedelegeerden  
|delegate, delegates, delegates to
| delegate, delegates, delegates to
|-
|-
|gedoopt
| gedoopt  
|baptized, christened
| baptized, christened
|-
|-
|geelzucht
| geelzucht  
|jaundice
| jaundice
|-
|-
|geen
| geen  
|no, none, without
| no, none, without
|-
|-
|geestelijke
| geestelijke  
|priest, clergyman
| priest, clergyman
|-
|-
|gegeven
| gegeven  
|given, gave
| given, gave
|-
|-
|gehucht
| gehucht  
|hamlet
| hamlet
|-
|-
|gehuwd
| gehuwd  
|married
| married
|-
|-
|geld
| geld  
|money
| money
|-
|-
|gelegitimeerd
| gelegitimeerd  
|legitimized
| legitimized
|-
|-
|gelijk
| gelijk  
|same, alike, similar
| same, alike, similar
|-
|-
|gemeenschap
| gemeenschap  
|community, township
| community, township
|-
|-
|gemeente
| gemeente  
|town, municipality, parish
| town, municipality, parish
|-
|-
|gemeenteraadslid
| gemeenteraadslid  
|councilman, town councilor
| councilman, town councilor
|-
|-
|genaamd
| genaamd  
|named
| named
|-
|-
|genaamt
| genaamt  
|named
| named
|-
|-
|genealogie
| genealogie  
|genealogy
| genealogy
|-
|-
|genoemden
| genoemden  
|named, mentioned
| named, mentioned
|-
|-
|gerechtelijk(e)
| gerechtelijk(e)  
|court, judicial
| court, judicial
|-
|-
|gerechtshof
| gerechtshof  
|judicial court
| judicial court
|-
|-
|Gereformeerd(e)
| Gereformeerd(e)
|Calvinist Reformed
| Calvinist Reformed
|-
|-
|gering
| gering
|small
| small
|-
|-
|gescheiden
| gescheiden  
|divorced
| divorced
|-
|-
|geschenk
| geschenk  
|deed, gift, present
| deed, gift, present
|-
|-
|geschiedenis
| geschiedenis  
|history
| history
|-
|-
|geslacht
| geslacht  
|sex, gender
| sex, gender
|-
|-
|geslachtsboom
| geslachtsboom  
|pedigree, family tree
| pedigree, family tree
|-
|-
|gestorven
| gestorven  
|died
| died
|-
|-
|gestorven zonder nageslacht
| gestorven zonder nageslacht  
|died without issue
| died without issue
|-
|-
|geteekend
| geteekend  
|signed, drew
| signed, drew
|-
|-
|getranscribeerd
| getranscribeerd  
|transcribed
| transcribed
|-
|-
|getrouwd
| getrouwd  
|married
| married
|-
|-
|getuigen
| getuigen  
|witnesses
| witnesses
|-
|-
|gewesen
| gewesen  
|former
| former
|-
|-
|gezegend
| gezegend  
|blessed, the deceased
| blessed, the deceased
|-
|-
|gezin
| gezin  
|immediate family
| immediate family
|-
|-
|gezindheid
| gezindheid  
|religious affiliation
| religious affiliation
|-
|-
|gezinslijst
| gezinslijst  
|family group sheet
| family group sheet
|-
|-
|gezwel, gezwollenheid
| gezwel, gezwollenheid  
|swelling, tumor
| swelling, tumor
|-
|-
|gezworene
| gezworene  
|juryman, person under oath
| juryman, person under oath
|-
|-
|gisteren
| gisteren  
|yesterday
| yesterday
|-
|-
|Godsbeschikking
| Godsbeschikking  
|dispensation, God's will
| dispensation, God's will
|-
|-
|godsdienst
| godsdienst  
|religion
| religion
|-
|-
|goed
| goed  
|good, right, correct
| good, right, correct
|-
|-
|graaf
| graaf  
|count, earl
| count, earl
|-
|-
|graafschap
| graafschap  
|county, shire
| county, shire
|-
|-
|graf
| graf  
|grave, tomb
| grave, tomb
|-
|-
|grasmaand
| grasmaand  
|gras month,April
| gras month,April
|-
|-
|grens
| grens  
|border (between countries)
| border (between countries)
|-
|-
|grensgebied
| grensgebied  
|border, region
| border, region
|-
|-
|groen
| groen  
|green
| green
|-
|-
|groet
| groet  
|greet, greeting
| greet, greeting
|-
|-
|grondeigenaren
| grondeigenaren  
|property owners
| property owners
|-
|-
|groot
| groot  
|large, big, great
| large, big, great
|-
|-
|groothandelaar
| groothandelaar  
|trader, merchant
| trader, merchant
|-
|-
|grootmoeder
| grootmoeder  
|grandmother
| grandmother
|-
|-
|grootvader
| grootvader  
|grandfather
| grandfather
|-
|-
|gulden
| gulden
|guilder (unit of money)
| guilder (unit of money)
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== H ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====H====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|haar, hare
| haar, hare  
|hair, her, hers
| hair, her, hers
|-
|-
|had(den)
| had(den)  
|had
| had
|-
|-
|half
| half  
|half
| half
|-
|-
|halfbroeder
| halfbroeder
|half brother
| half brother
|-
|-
|halfzuster
| halfzuster  
|half sister
| half sister
|-
|-
|handel
| handel  
|trade, occupation
| trade, occupation
|-
|-
|handtekening
| handtekening  
|signature
| signature
|-
|-
|handwerksgezel
| handwerksgezel  
|journeyman
| journeyman
|-
|-
|hebben
| hebben  
|to have
| to have
|-
|-
|heden
| heden  
|today
| today
|-
|-
|heel
| heel
|all, whole, entire, complete
| all, whole, entire, complete
|-
|-
|heer
| heer  
|master, gentleman, Mr.
| master, gentleman, Mr.
|-
|-
|Heer
| Heer  
|the Lord
| the Lord
|-
|-
|heerschappen
| heerschappen
|gentry, lords
| gentry, lords
|-
|-
|hem
| hem  
|him
| him
|-
|-
|hen, hun
| hen, hun  
|them, their, theirs
| them, their, theirs
|-
|-
|herbergier
| herbergier  
|innkeeper
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|herder
| herder  
|shepherd
| shepherd
|-
|-
|herfst
| herfst  
|autumn, fall
| autumn, fall
|-
|-
|herfstmaand
| herfstmaand  
|fall month, September
| fall month, September
|-
|-
|Hernhutter
| Hernhutter  
|Moravian
| Moravian
|-
|-
|hertog
| hertog  
|duke
| duke
|-
|-
|hertogdom
| hertogdom  
|duchy
| duchy
|-
|-
|hertogin
| hertogin  
|duchess
| duchess
|-
|-
|Hervormd(e)
| Hervormd(e)  
|Dutch reformed
| Dutch reformed
|-
|-
|Hessisch
| Hessisch  
|Hessian
| Hessian
|-
|-
|het
| het  
|it, the
| it, the
|-
|-
|heuvel
| heuvel  
|hill
| hill
|-
|-
|hij
| hij  
|he
| he
|-
|-
|hoe
| hoe  
|how
| how
|-
|-
|hoer
| hoer  
|harlot, immoral woman
| harlot, immoral woman
|-
|-
|hoesten
| hoesten  
|cough
| cough
|-
|-
|hoger
| hoger  
|upper, higher
| upper, higher
|-
|-
|hollands
| hollands  
|Dutch
| Dutch
|-
|-
|honderd
| honderd  
|hundred
| hundred
|-
|-
|honderdste
| honderdste  
|hundredth
| hundredth
|-
|-
|hoofdplaats
| hoofdplaats
|capital
| capital
|-
|-
|hoog
| hoog  
|high
| high
|-
|-
|hooimaand
| hooimaand  
|hay month, July
| hay month, July
|-
|-
|houtvester
| houtvester  
|forester
| forester
|-
|-
|huidziekte
| huidziekte  
|measles
| measles
|-
|-
|huis
| huis  
|house
| house
|-
|-
|huisgezin
| huisgezin  
|immediate family
| immediate family
|-
|-
|huishoudster
| huishoudster  
|housekeeper
| housekeeper
|-
|-
|huisland
| huisland  
|home, native country, homeland
| home, native country, homeland
|-
|-
|huisvrouw
| huisvrouw  
|housewife
| housewife
|-
|-
|huizenkant
| huizenkant  
|inside, side of a house
| inside, side of a house
|-
|-
|hun
| hun  
|their
| their
|-
|-
|huwelijksaangiften
| huwelijksaangiften  
|marriage intention
| marriage intention
|-
|-
|huwelijk
| huwelijk  
|marriage
| marriage
|-
|-
|huwelijksaf(aan)-kondigingen
| huwelijksaf(aan)-kondigingen  
|marriage banns
| marriage banns
|-
|-
|huwelijksbijlagen
| huwelijksbijlagen  
|marriage supplements
| marriage supplements
|-
|-
|huwelijksdag
| huwelijksdag  
|day of marriage
| day of marriage  
|-
|-
|huwelijksfeest
| huwelijksfeest  
|wedding
| wedding
|-
|-
|huwen
| huwen
|to marry
| to marry
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== I ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====I====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|immigrant
| immigrant  
|immigrant
| immigrant
|-
|-
|in
| in  
|in
| in
|-
|-
|ingekomen
| ingekomen  
|arrival, immigration
| arrival, immigration
|-
|-
|ingezetenen
| ingezetenen  
|citizen, occupants
| citizen, occupants
|-
|-
|inhoud
| inhoud  
|contents
| contents
|-
|-
|inschrijvingen
| inwoner  
|registers
| inhabitant, citizen
|-
|inwoner
|inhabitant, citizen
|-  
|-  
|is
| is
|is
| is
|-
|-
|italiaans
| italiaans
|Italian
| Italian
|-
|-
|Italië
| Italië
|Italy
| Italy
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== J ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====J====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|jaar, jaren
| jaar, jaren  
|year, years
| year, years
|-
|-
|jaarlijks
| jaarlijks  
|annual, yearly
| annual, yearly
|-
|-
|jager
| jager  
|hunter
| hunter
|-
|-
|Januarij, januari
| Januarij, januari  
|January
| January
|-
|-
|j.d. (jonge dochter)
| j.d. (jonge dochter)  
|unmarried daughter
| unmarried daughter
|-
|-
|j.g. (jong gezel)
| j.g. (jong gezel)  
|young man, bachelor
| young man, bachelor
|-
|-
|jicht
| jicht  
|gout
| gout
|-
|-
|j.m. (jonge man)
| j.m. (jonge man)  
|young man, bachelor
| young man, bachelor
|-
|-
|jong(e)
| jong(e)  
|young
| young
|-
|-
|jongeling
| jongeling  
|a youth, unmarried man
| a youth, unmarried man
|-
|-
|jongen
| jongen  
|boy
| boy
|-
|-
|Jood
| Jood  
|Jew
| Jew
|-
|-
|joods(e)
| joods(e)  
|Jewish
| Jewish
|-
|-
|juffrouw
| juffrouw  
|Miss, Madame
| Miss, Madame
|-
|-
|Julij, juli
| Julij, juli  
|July
| July
|-
|-
|Junij, juni
| Junij, juni  
|June
| June
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== K ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====K====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|kamer
| kamer  
|room (in a house)
| room (in a house)
|-
|-
|kan
| kan  
|can
| can
|-
|-
|kanaal
| kanaal
|canal
| canal
|-
|-
|kanker
| kanker  
|cancer
| cancer
|-
|-
|kantwerkster
| kantwerkster  
|lacemaker
| lacemaker
|-
|-
|karman
| karman  
|coachman
| coachman
|-
|-
|kasteel
| kasteel  
|castle
| castle
|-
|-
|Katholiek
| Katholiek  
|Catholic
| Catholic
|-
|-
|keizerlijk
| keizerlijk  
|imperial
| imperial
|-
|-
|keizerrijk
| keizerrijk  
|empire
| empire
|-
|-
|kerk
| kerk  
|church
| church
|-
|-
|kerkboek
| kerkboek  
|church book, parish register
| church book, parish register
|-
|-
|kerkelijk(e)
| kerkelijk(e)  
|church (pertaining to church)
| church (pertaining to church)
|-
|-
|kerkelijk ambt
| kerkelijk ambt  
|parish office
| parish office
|-
|-
|kerkeraads-handelingen
| kerkeraads-handelingen  
|church minutes
| church minutes
|-
|-
|kerkgenootschap
| kerkgenootschap  
|religious affiliation
| religious affiliation
|-
|-
|kerk meester
| kerk meester  
|church warden
| church warden
|-
|-
|kerk voogt
| kerk voogt  
|church warden
| church warden
|-
|-
|kil
| kil  
|stream, brook
| stream, brook
|-
|-
|kind, kinderen
| kind, kinderen
|child, children
| child, children
|-
|-
|kinkhoest
| kinkhoest  
|whooping cough
| whooping cough
|-
|-
|klapper
| klapper  
|index
| index
|-
|-
|kledinghandelaar
| kledinghandelaar  
|clothier
| clothier
|-
|-
|kleermaker
| kleermaker  
|tailor
| tailor
|-
|-
|klein
| klein
|little, small
| little, small
|-
|-
|kleindochter
| kleindochter
|granddaughter
| granddaughter
|-
|-
|kleiner
| kleiner  
|smaller, lesser
| smaller, lesser
|-
|-
|kleinzoon
| kleinzoon  
|grandson
| grandson
|-
|-
|klompenmaker
| klompenmaker  
|wooden shoemaker
| wooden shoemaker
|-
|-
|km.
| km.  
|kilometer
| kilometer
|-
|-
|knecht
| knecht  
|servant, laborer, journeyman
| servant, laborer, journeyman
|-
|-
|kohier(en)
| kohier(en)  
|register(s), ledger(s)
| register(s), ledger(s)
|-
|-
|koning
| koning  
|king
| king
|-
|-
|koningin
| koningin  
|queen
| queen
|-
|-
|koninklijk
| koninklijk  
|royal
| royal
|-
|-
|koninkrijk
| koninkrijk  
|kingdom
| kingdom
|-
|-
|koopman
| koopman  
|buyer, seller, vendor, trader, merchant
| buyer, seller, vendor, trader, merchant
|-
|-
|kopen
| kopen  
|to buy
| to buy
|-
|-
|koperslager
| koperslager  
|coppersmith
| coppersmith
|-
|-
|koster
| koster  
|sexton
| sexton
|-
|-
|kraambed
| kraambed  
|childbed
| childbed
|-
|-
|kraambed gestorven
| kraambed gestorven  
|died in childbirth
| died in childbirth
|-
|-
|kraambedkoorts
| kraambedkoorts  
|puerperal fever, childbed fever
| puerperal fever, childbed fever
|-
|-
|kramer
| kramer  
|seller, vendor, peddler
| seller, vendor, peddler
|-
|-
|krampachtig
| krampachtig  
|convulsions
| convulsions
|-
|-
|krampen
| krampen  
|cramps, convulsions
| cramps, convulsions
|-
|-
|krijgen
| krijgen  
|to receive
| to receive
|-
|-
|kuiper
| kuiper  
|cooper
| cooper
|-
|-
|kunnen
| kunnen  
|could
| could
|-
|-
|kwaal
| kwaal
|disease, complaint
| disease, complaint
|-
|-
|kwaliteit
| kwaliteit  
|status, quality
| status, quality
|-
|-
|kwartierstaat
| kwartierstaat  
|pedigree, family tree
| pedigree, family tree
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== L ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====L====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|laat, laatste tijd
| laat, laatste tijd  
|late (in the day), lately
| late (in the day), lately
|-
|-
|laatste
| laatste  
|latter, last
| latter, last
|-
|-
|lakenvoller (-volder)
| lakenvoller (-volder)  
|clothier, fuller
| clothier, fuller
|-
|-
|land
| land  
|land, country
| land, country
|-
|-
|landbouwer
| landbouwer  
|farmer
| farmer
|-
|-
|landgoed, landbezit
| landgoed, landbezit  
|estate
| estate
|-
|-
|landkaart
| landkaart  
|map
| map
|-
|-
|landlieden
| landlieden  
|farmers
| farmers
|-
|-
|landman
| landman  
|cottager, farmer
| cottager, farmer
|-
|-
|land verlatend
| land verlatend  
|emigrant
| emigrant
|-
|-
|laten
| laten  
|to let, leave, allow
| to let, leave, allow
|-
|-
|leeftijd
| leeftijd  
|age
| age
|-
|-
|leerjongen
| leerjongen  
|apprentice
| apprentice
|-
|-
|leerling
| leerling  
|student, apprentice, pupil
| student, apprentice, pupil
|-
|-
|leerlooier
| leerlooier  
|tanner
| tanner
|-
|-
|leggen
| leggen  
|to place, put, impose, to lay
| to place, put, impose, to lay
|-
|-
|lente
| lente  
|spring (season)
| spring (season)
|-
|-
|lentemaand
| lentemaand  
|spring month, March
| spring month, March
|-
|-
|leven
| leven  
|to live
| to live
|-
|-
|levend
| levend  
|living
| living
|-
|-
|levenloos
| levenloos  
|without life, stillborn
| without life, stillborn
|-
|-
|levens-beschrijving
| levens-beschrijving  
|biography
| biography
|-
|-
|lidmaten
| lidmaten  
|members, membership
| members, membership
|-
|-
|linker hand
| linker hand  
|left hand
| left hand
|-
|-
|links
| links  
|left (direction)
| left (direction)
|-
|-
|linnenwever
| linnenwever  
|linen weaver
| linen weaver
|-
|-
|logementhouder
| logementhouder  
|innkeeper
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|longontsteking
| longontsteking  
|pneumonia
| pneumonia
|-
|-
|longtering
| longtering  
|consumption, tuberculosis
| consumption, tuberculosis  
|-
|-
|looier
| looier  
|tanner
| tanner
|-
|-
|louwmaand
| louwmaand  
|January
| January
|-
|-
|Lutheraan, Luthers
| Lutheraan, Luthers  
|Lutheran
| Lutheran
|-
|-
|lijk
| lijk  
|corpse
| corpse
|-
|-
|lijnslager
| lijnslager  
|rope maker
| rope maker
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== M ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====M====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|maagd
| maagd
|virgin, maid, servant girl
| virgin, maid, servant girl
|-
|-
|maand
| maand  
|month
| month
|-
|-
|maandag
| maandag  
|Monday
| Monday
|-
|-
|maar
| maar  
|but
| but
|-
|-
|Maart
| Maart  
|March
| March
|-
|-
|mag
| mag  
|may (might)
| may (might)
|-
|-
|makelaar registers
| makelaar registers  
|real estate registers
| real estate registers
|-
|-
|man
| man  
|husband, man
| husband, man
|-
|-
|mannelijk
| mannelijk  
|male
| male
|-
|-
|markt
| markt  
|market
| market
|-
|-
|mazelen
| mazelen  
|measles
| measles
|-
|-
|meer
| meer  
|lake, more
| lake, more
|-
|-
|meerderjarige
| meerderjarige
|of legal age
| of legal age
|-
|-
|Meij, mei
| Meij, mei  
|May
| May
|-
|-
|meier
| meier  
|tenant farmer, bailiff
| tenant farmer, bailiff
|-
|-
|meisje
| meisje  
|girl
| girl
|-
|-
|melkerij
| melkerij  
|milk factory, dairy
| milk factory, dairy
|-
|-
|melkfabriek
| melkfabriek  
|milk factory, dairy
| milk factory, dairy
|-
|-
|mengel (mingel)
| mengel (mingel)  
|liquid measure, about one to two quarts
| liquid measure, about one to two quarts
|-
|-
|met
| met  
|with
| with
|-
|-
|met name
| met name  
|named, alias
| named, alias
|-
|-
|metselaar
| metselaar  
|mason, bricklayer
| mason, bricklayer
|-
|-
|meu
| meu  
|aunt
| aunt
|-
|-
|meubelmaker
| meubelmaker  
|furniture maker
| furniture maker
|-
|-
|middag ('s middags)
| middag ('s middags)  
|afternoon (in the afternoon)
| afternoon (in the afternoon)
|-
|-
|middernacht
| middernacht  
|midnight
| midnight
|-
|-
|mijnheer
| mijnheer  
|Mr.
| Mr.
|-
|-
|mijnwerker
| mijnwerker  
|miner
| miner
|-
|-
|militaire
| militaire  
|military
| military
|-
|-
|minderjarige
| minderjarige  
|minor, below legal age
| minor, below legal age
|-
|-
|misschien
| misschien  
|maybe, perhaps
| maybe, perhaps
|-
|-
|missen
| missen  
|to miss, lack
| to miss, lack
|-
|-
|mocht
| mocht  
|might
| might
|-
|-
|moeder
| moeder  
|mother
| mother
|-
|-
|moet(en)
| moet(en)  
|must
| must
|-
|-
|mogen
| mogen  
|may (might have), to allow
| may (might have), to allow
|-
|-
|molen
| molen  
|mill
| mill
|-
|-
|mondig verklaring
| mondig verklaring  
|declaration of being of legal age
| declaration of being of legal age
|-
|-
|morgen
| morgen  
|unit of land area, about two acres
| unit of land area, about two acres
|-
|-
|morgen ('s morgens)
| morgen ('s morgens)  
|morning, tomorrow (in the morning)
| morning, tomorrow (in the morning)
|-
|-
|mijl
| mijl  
|mile (varying lengths, up to 5.5 km.)
| mile (varying lengths, up to 5.5 km.)
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== N ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====N====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" |English
|-
|na
|after
|-
|-
|naaister
! scope="col" | Dutch
|seamstress
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|naam
| na
|name
| after
|-
|-
|naar
| naaister
|to, toward, for, according to
| seamstress
|-
|-
|naar gelang van
| naam
|to, after, according to
| name
|-
|-
|naast
| naar
|beside, following, next (to)
| to, toward, for, according to
|-
|-
|nabijkomen
| naar gelang van
|approach, approximate
| to, after, according to
|-
|-
|nabuur
| naast
|neighbor
| beside, following, next (to)
|-
|-
|nacht ('s nachts)
| nabijkomen
|night (in the night)
| approach, approximate
|-
|-
|namen
| nabuur
|names
| neighbor
|-
|-
|namiddag, ('s namiddags)
| nacht ('s nachts)  
|afternoon (in the afternoon)
| night (in the night)
|-
|-
|nanoen
| namen
|afternoon
| names
|-
|-
|neder
| namiddag, ('s namiddags)
|low, lower (directional)
| afternoon (in the afternoon)
|-
|-
|Nederland
| neder
|the Netherlands
| low, lower (directional)
|-
|-
|nederlands
| Nederland
|Dutch
| the Netherlands
|-
|-
|neef
| nederlands
|nephew, male cousin
| Dutch
|-
|-
|neefje
| neef
|nephew, young male cousin
| nephew, male cousin
|-
|-
|neffens
| neefje
|next, in addition to
| nephew, young male cousin
|-
|-
|negen
| negen  
|nine
| nine
|-
|-
|negende
| negende  
|ninth
| ninth
|-
|-
|negenentwintig
| negenentwintig  
|twenty-nine
| twenty-nine
|-
|-
|negenentwintigste
| negenentwintigste  
|twenty-ninth
| twenty-ninth
|-
|-
|negentien
| negentien  
|nineteen
| nineteen
|-
|-
|negentiende
| negentiende  
|nineteenth
| nineteenth
|-
|-
|negentig
| negentig  
|ninety
| ninety
|-
|-
|negentigste
| negentigste  
|ninetieth
| ninetieth
|-
|-
|neger
| neger  
|Negro
| Negro
|-
|-
|nicht
| nicht  
|niece, female cousin
| niece, female cousin
|-
|-
|nichtje
| nichtje  
|niece, young female cousin
| niece, young female cousin
|-
|-
|niet(s)
| niet(s)  
|no, none, not
| no, none, not
|-
|-
|niets
| niets  
|nothing
| nothing
|-
|-
|nieuw
| nieuw
|new
| new
|-
|-
|nimmer
| nimmer  
|never
| never
|-
|-
|noemen
| noemen
|to christen, call, name
| to christen, call, name
|-
|-
|nog
| nog  
|still, yet, other
| still, yet, other
|-
|-
|nog in leven
| nog in leven  
|still living, surviving
| still living, surviving
|-
|-
|nommer, nummer
| nommer, nummer  
|number
| number
|-
|-
|nooit
| nooit  
|never
| never
|-
|-
|noor(s)
| noor(s)  
|Norwegian
| Norwegian
|-
|-
|noord
| noord  
|north
| north
|-
|-
|Noorwegen
| Noorwegen  
|Norway
| Norway
|-
|-
|notaris
| notaris  
|notary
| notary
|-
|-
|november
| november  
|November
| November
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== O ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====O====
|-
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
! scope="col" | Dutch
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
| october
! scope="col" |English
| October
|-
|-
|october
| of
|October
| or
|-
|-
|of
| om
|or
| for, because of, at, round
|-
|-
|om
| oma
|for, because of, at, round
| grandma
|-
|-
|oma
| omstreeks
|grandma
| about, around
|-
|-
|omstreeks
| on-
|about, around
| un- (prefix)
|-
|-
|on-
| onbekend
|un- (prefix)
| unknown
|-
|-
|onbekend
| onder
|unknown
| under
|-
|-
|onder
| ondergetekende
|under
| the undersigned
|-
|-
|ondergetekende
| ondertrouw
|the undersigned
| betrothal (already registered)
|-
|-
|ondertrouw
| ondertrouw  
|betrothal (already registered)
| betrothal (already registered)
|-
|-
|onderwijzer
| onderwijzer  
|(school) teacher
| (school) teacher
|-
|-
|onderwijzeres
| onderwijzeres  
|female teacher
| female teacher
|-
|-
|onecht kind
| onecht kind  
|illegitimate child
| illegitimate child
|-
|-
|ongehuwd
| ongehuwd  
|unmarried
| unmarried
|-
|-
|ongeleerdheid
| ongeleerdheid  
|illiterate, unlearned
| illiterate, unlearned
|-
|-
|ongetrouwd
| ongetrouwd
|single, unmarried
| single, unmarried
|-
|-
|ongeveer
| ongeveer  
|almost, approximately
| almost, approximately
|-
|-
|onkunde
| onkunde  
|inability, incompetence, ignorance, ignorance of
| inability, incompetence, ignorance, ignorance of
|-
|-
|onmiddellijk
| onmiddellijk  
|right away, immediately
| right away, immediately
|-
|-
|onmondigen
| onmondigen
|minor, under age
| minor, under age
|-
|-
|ons, onze
| ons, onze  
|us, our
| us, our
|-
|-
|ontvangen
| ontvangen  
|to receive, received
| to receive, received
|-
|-
|ontvanger
| ontvanger  
|tax collector
| tax collector
|-
|-
|onwettig
| onwettig  
|illegitimate, illegal
| illegitimate, illegal
|-
|-
|onze, ons
| onze, ons  
|us, our
| us, our
|-
|-
|opgesteld
| opgesteld  
|drafted
| drafted
|-
|-
|oogstmaand
| oogstmaand
|harvest month, August
| harvest month, August
|-
|-
|ook
| ook  
|also
| also
|-
|-
|oom
| oom  
|uncle
| uncle
|-
|-
|oorkonden
| oorkonden  
|records, documents
| records, documents
|-
|-
|oost
| oost  
|east
| east
|-
|-
|op
| op
|on, upon
| on, upon
|-
|-
|opa
| opa  
|grandpa
| grandpa
|-
|-
|opgetreden
| opgetreden  
|appeared
| appeared
|-
|-
|op heden
| op heden  
|today, on this day
| today, on this day
|-
|-
|op hoge leeftijd
| op hoge leeftijd  
|at a great (old) age
| at a great (old) age
|-
|-
|opnemen
| opnemen  
|to receive
| to receive
|-
|-
|opper
| opper  
|upper
| upper
|-
|-
|oprecht
| oprecht  
|honest
| honest
|-
|-
|optreden
| optreden
|to appear
| to appear
|-
|-
|opziener
| opziener
|overseer, inspector, guardian
| overseer, inspector, guardian
|-
|-
|organisatie
| organisatie  
|organization, society
| organization, society
|-
|-
|oud
| oud  
|old (age)
| old (age)
|-
|-
|ouder
| ouder  
|older, elder
| older, elder
|-
|-
|ouderdom
| ouderdom  
|age
| age
|-
|-
|ouders
| ouders  
|parents
| parents
|-
|-
|oudoom
| oudoom  
|great-uncle
| great-uncle
|-
|-
|oudste
| oudste  
|eldest
| eldest
|-
|-
|oudtante
| oudtante  
|great-aunt
| great-aunt
|-
|-
|over
| over  
|above, over, via
| above, over, via
|-
|-
|overeenkomst
| overeenkomst  
|contract, agreement
| contract, agreement
|-
|-
|overgrootmoeder
| overgrootmoeder  
|great-grandmother
| great-grandmother
|-
|-
|overgrootvader
| overgrootvader  
|great-grandfather
| great-grandfather
|-
|-
|overleden
| overleden  
|dead, deceased
| dead, deceased
|-
|-
|overledene, de
| overledene, de  
|the deceased
| the deceased
|-
|-
|overlevenden
| overlevenden  
|survivors
| survivors
|-
|-
|overlijden
| overlijden  
|to die
| to die
|-
|-
|overnemen
| overnemen  
|to take over, adopt (an action)
| to take over, adopt (an action)
|-
|-
|overschrijven
| overschrijven  
|to extract
| to extract
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== P ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====P====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|pachter
| pachter  
|tenant farmer, leaser, one who leases
| tenant farmer, leaser, one who leases
|-
|-
|pachter (van belastingen)
| pachter (van belastingen)  
|publican, tax collector
| publican, tax collector
|-
|-
|Palts, de
| Palts, de  
|the Palatinate
| the Palatinate
|-
|-
|Paltsgraafschap
| Paltsgraafschap  
|count palatine (the place)
| count palatine (the place)
|-
|-
|paltsgrafelijk
| paltsgrafelijk  
|(from the) palatinate
| (from the) palatinate
|-
|-
|parochie
| parochie  
|parish
| parish
|-
|-
|parochieregisters
| parochieregisters  
|parish registers
| parish registers
|-
|-
|Pasen
| Pasen  
|Easter, Passover
| Easter, Passover
|-
|-
|Pascha
| Pascha
|Passover
| Passover
|-
|-
|pastoor
| pastoor  
|pastor, priest (Roman Catholic church)
| pastor, priest (Roman Catholic church)
|-
|-
|patroon
| patroon  
|manor lord, patron, employer
| manor lord, patron, employer
|-
|-
|peet
| peet
|godfather, godparent, sponsor
| godfather, godparent, sponsor
|-
|-
|peetoom
| peetoom  
|godfather
| godfather
|-
|-
|peettante
| peettante  
|godmother
| godmother
|-
|-
|pensionering
| pensionering  
|retirement
| retirement
|-
|-
|pest
| pest  
|plague, pestilence
| plague, pestilence
|-
|-
|petemoei
| petemoei  
|godmother
| godmother
|-
|-
|peten
| peten
|godparents
| godparents
|-
|-
|plaag
| plaag
|plague, scourge
| plague, scourge
|-
|-
|plaats
| plaats  
|place
| place
|-
|-
|planter
| planter  
|planter, farmer
| planter, farmer
|-
|-
|pokken
| pokken
|smallpox
| smallpox
|-
|-
|Polen
| Polen  
|Poland, Poles
| Poland, Poles
|-
|-
|pools
| pools  
|Polish
| Polish
|-
|-
|poorter
| poorter  
|citizen, freeman
| citizen, freeman
|-
|-
|poortersboeken
| poortersboeken  
|burgher registers
| burgher registers
|-
|-
|portugees
| portugees  
|Portuguese
| Portuguese
|-
|-
|predikant
| predikant  
|minister, clergyman (Protestant church)
| minister, clergyman (Protestant church)
|-
|-
|prins
| prins  
|prince
| prince
|-
|-
|prinses
| prinses  
|princess
| princess
|-
|-
|protestant
| protestant  
|protestant
| protestant
|-
|-
|protocol
| protocol  
|document, register
| document, register
|-
|-
|provinciaal
| provinciaal
|provincial
| provincial
|-
|-
|provincie
| provincie
|provinces
| provinces
|-
|-
|Pruis(isch)
| Pruis(isch)  
|Prussian
| Prussian
|-
|-
|Pruissen
| Pruissen  
|Prussia
| Prussia
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== Q ====
 
====Q====
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


====R====
==== R ====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|raad
| raad  
|council, counsel
| council, counsel  
|-
|-
|recht
| recht  
|right (correct), straight, law, justice
| right (correct), straight, law, justice
|-
|-
|rechter
| rechter  
|judge, magistrate
| judge, magistrate
|-
|-
|rechter(zijde)
| rechter(zijde)  
|right side
| right side
|-
|-
|rechter hand
| rechter hand  
|right hand
| right hand
|-
|-
|rechterlijk
| rechterlijk  
|legal, court (judicial)
| legal, court (judicial)
|-
|-
|rechtmatig
| rechtmatig  
|rightful, right (correct)
| rightful, right (correct)
|-
|-
|rechts
| rechts  
|right (direction)
| right (direction)
|-
|-
|regering
| regering  
|government, administration
| government, administration  
|-
|-
|rekeningen
| rekeningen
|accounts, bills
| accounts, bills
|-
|-
|rentenier
| rentenier  
|retired tradesperson, man of means
| retired tradesperson, man of means
|-
|-
|rivier
| rivier  
|river
| river
|-
|-
|roede
| roede  
|rod (unit of length, about twelve feet or 3.6 meters)
| rod (unit of length, about twelve feet or 3.6 meters)
|-
|-
|rond
| rond  
|around, about
| around, about
|-
|-
|rood
| rood
|red
| red
|-
|-
|roodvonk
| roodvonk  
|scarlet fever
| scarlet fever
|-
|-
|Rooms Katholiek
| Rooms Katholiek  
|Roman Catholic
| Roman Catholic
|-
|-
|ruim
| ruim  
|[ruim 80 = eighty plus years old] large, broad, wide, upwards of
| [ruim 80 = eighty plus years old] large, broad, wide, upwards of
|-
|-
|Rus(sisch)
| Rus(sisch)  
|Russian
| Russian
|-
|-
|Rusland
| Rusland  
|Russia
| Russia
|-
|-
|rijk
| rijk  
|empire, kingdom, rich, wealthy
| empire, kingdom, rich, wealthy
|-
|-
|rijksarchief
| rijksarchief  
|national and/or state archive, public record office
| national and/or state archive, public record office
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== S ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====S====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|s = des
| s = des  
|of the Sakser Saxon
| of the Sakser Saxon
|-
|-
|samen
| samen  
|together
| together
|-
|-
|schaapherder
| schaapherder  
|shepherd
| shepherd
|-
|-
|scheeps
| scheeps  
|of a ship (the ship's)
| of a ship (the ship's)
|-
|-
|schenking
| schenking  
|donation, gift
| donation, gift
|-
|-
|schepen
| schepen  
|alderman, magistrate, ships
| alderman, magistrate, ships
|-
|-
|schepenakten
| schepenakten
|city council records
| city council records
|-
|-
|schilder
| schilder  
|painter
| painter
|-
|-
|schip
| schip  
|ship
| ship
|-
|-
|schipper
| schipper  
|barge man, boatman, skipper
| barge man, boatman, skipper
|-
|-
|schlepel
| schlepel  
|unit of measure, about .7 to 1.3 bushels
| unit of measure, about .7 to 1.3 bushels
|-
|-
|schoenmaker
| schoenmaker  
|shoemaker
| shoemaker
|-
|-
|school
| school
|school
| school
|-
|-
|schoondochter
| schoondochter  
|daughter-in-law
| daughter-in-law
|-
|-
|schoonzoon
| schoonzoon  
|son-in-law
| son-in-law
|-
|-
|schoonzuster
| schoonzuster  
|sister-in-law
| sister-in-law
|-
|-
|schriftgeleerde
| schriftgeleerde  
|scribe
| scribe
|-
|-
|schrijnwerker
| schrijnwerker  
|cabinet maker, joiner
| cabinet maker, joiner
|-
|-
|schrijver
| schrijver  
|scribe, writer, author
| scribe, writer, author
|-
|-
|schuit
| schuit  
|barge, boat
| barge, boat
|-
|-
|September
| September  
|September
| September
|-
|-
|sinds(dien)
| sinds(dien)  
|since
| since
|-
|-
|slachter, slager
| slachter, slager  
|butcher
| butcher
|-
|-
|slachtmaand, slagtmaand
| slachtmaand  
|slaughter month, November
| slaughter month, November
|-
|-
|slag
| slag  
|hit, stroke, blow
| hit, stroke, blow
|-
|-
|slager, slachter
| slager, slachter  
|butcher
| butcher
|-
|-
|slechts
| slechts  
|but, only, merely
| but, only, merely
|-
|-
|sloot
| sloot  
|ditch
| ditch
|-
|-
|slot
| slot  
|lock, castle
| lock, castle
|-
|-
|slotenmaker
| slotenmaker  
|locksmith
| locksmith
|-
|-
|smid
| smid  
|(black)smith
| (black)smith
|-
|-
|soldaat
| soldaat  
|soldier
| soldier
|-
|-
|soms
| soms  
|sometimes, besides, in addition to
| sometimes, besides, in addition to
|-
|-
|spaans
| spaans  
|Spanish
| Spanish
|-
|-
|Spanjaard
| Spanjaard  
|Spaniard
| Spaniard
|-
|-
|Spanje
| Spanje  
|Spain
| Spain
|-
|-
|spoedig
| spoedig  
|quickly, soon, speedy
| quickly, soon, speedy  
|-
|-
|sprokkelmaand
| sprokkelmaand  
|wood gathering month, February
| wood gathering month, February
|-
|-
|staat
| staat  
|state
| state
|-
|-
|staats
| staats  
|of the state
| of the state
|-
|-
|staatsburger
| staatsburger  
|citizen
| citizen
|-
|-
|stad
| stad  
|city, town
| city, town
|-
|-
|stamboeken
| stamboeken
|lineage books, genealogical register
| lineage books, genealogical register
|-
|-
|stamboom
| stamboom
|pedigree
| pedigree
|-
|-
|steeds
| steeds  
|always, still
| always, still  
|-
|-
|steenbakker
| steenbakker  
|brick maker, stone mason
| brick maker, stone mason
|-
|-
|stellen
| stellen  
|to place, put, impose
| to place, put, impose
|-
|-
|sterven
| sterven  
|to die
| to die
|-
|-
|stief-
| stief-  
|step-
| step-
|-
|-
|straat
| straat
|street
| street
|-
|-
|stroom
| stroom  
|stream, river
| stream, river
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== T ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====T====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|t = het
| t = het
|the
| the
|-
|-
|taal
| taal  
|language
| language
|-
|-
|tachtig
| tachtig  
|eighty
| eighty
|-
|-
|tachtigste
| tachtigste  
|eightieth
| eightieth
|-
|-
|tafel
| tafel  
|index, table
| index, table
|-
|-
|tanden krijgen
| tanden krijgen
|getting teeth, teething
| getting teeth, teething
|-
|-
|tante
| tante  
|aunt
| aunt
|-
|-
|te
| te  
|at, to
| at, to
|-
|-
|tegelijk
| tegelijk  
|together, at the same time
| together, at the same time
|-
|-
|tegen(over)
| tegen(over)  
|against, across
| against, across
|-
|-
|tegenwoordigheid
| tegenwoordigheid  
|presence, the presence of
| presence, the presence of
|-
|-
|te huis
| te huis  
|at home
| at home
|-
|-
|teraardebestelling
| teraardebestelling  
|burial, interment
| burial, interment
|-
|-
|testament
| testament  
|last will, testament
| last will, testament
|-
|-
|thuis
| thuis  
|at home
| at home
|-
|-
|tien
| tien  
|ten
| ten
|-
|-
|tiende
| tiende  
|tithing
| tithing
|-
|-
|tiende
| tiende  
|tenth
| tenth
|-
|-
|tienjarige tafels
| tienjarige tafels  
|ten-year (decennial) index
| ten-year (decennial) index
|-
|-
|tiental
| tiental
|decade
| decade
|-  
|-  
|tiental dagen
| tiental dagen
|about ten days
| about ten days  
|-
|-
|tijd
| tijd  
|time
| time
|-
|-
|tijdelijk
| tijdelijk
|temporary
| temporary
|-
|-
|tijdschrift
| tijdschrift  
|periodical
| periodical
|-
|-
|timmerman
| timmerman  
|carpenter
| carpenter
|-
|-
|toekomend
| toekomend  
|future, next
| future, next
|-
|-
|toekomstig
| toekomstig  
|future, prostpective
| future, prostpective
|-
|-
|toenaam
| toenaam  
|surname
| surname
|-
|-
|toestaan
| toestaan  
|to let, grant, allow
| to let, grant, allow
|-
|-
|toestemmen
| toestemmen  
|to consent
| to consent
|-
|-
|touwslager
| touwslager  
|rope maker
| rope maker
|-
|-
|trouwboek
| trouwboek  
|marriage book
| marriage book
|-
|-
|trouwdag
| trouwdag  
|wedding day
| wedding day
|-
|-
|trouwen
| trouwen  
|to marry
| to marry
|-
|-
|tuberculose
| tuberculose  
|consumption, tuberculosis
| consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
|tuin
| tuin  
|garden, yard
| garden, yard
|-
|-
|tuinman, tuinier
| tuinman, tuinier  
|gardener
| gardener
|-
|-
|tussen
| tussen  
|between
| between
|-
|-
|twaalf
| twaalf  
|twelve
| twelve
|-
|-
|twaalfde
| twaalfde  
|twelfth
| twelfth
|-
|-
|twee
| twee  
|two
| two
|-
|-
|tweede
| tweede  
|second
| second
|-
|-
|tweeëntwintig
| tweeëntwintig  
|twenty-two
| twenty-two
|-
|-
|tweeëntwintigste
| tweeëntwintigste  
|twenty-second
| twenty-second
|-
|-
|tweeling
| tweeling  
|twins
| twins
|-
|-
|twintig
| twintig  
|twenty
| twenty
|-
|-
|twintigste
| twintigste
|twentieth
| twentieth
|-
|-
|tyfus
| tyfus  
|typhoid fever
| typhoid fever
|-
|-
|tyfuslijder
| tyfuslijder  
|typhoid patient
| typhoid patient
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== U ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====U====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|uit
| uit  
|out of, from
| out of, from
|-
|-
|uiterlijk
| uiterlijk  
|outward, external, appearance, at the latest
| outward, external, appearance, at the latest
|-
|-
|uitgeven
| uitgeven  
|to publish
| to publish
|-
|-
|uittrekken
| uittrekken
|extract
| extract
|-
|-
|uur
| uur  
|hour, o'clock
| hour, o'clock
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== V ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====V====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|vaak
| vaak  
|often
| often
|-
|-
|vader
| vader  
|father
| father
|-
|-
|vallende ziekte
| vallende ziekte  
|epilepsy
| epilepsy
|-
|-
|van
| van  
|from, of
| from, of
|-
|-
|veehoeder
| veehoeder  
|herdsman
| herdsman
|-
|-
|veertien
| veertien  
|fourteen
| fourteen
|-
|-
|veertiende
| veertiende  
|fourteenth
| fourteenth
|-
|-
|veertig
| veertig  
|forty
| forty
|-
|-
|veertigste
| veertigste  
|fortieth
| fortieth
|-
|-
|veld
| veld  
|field
| field
|-
|-
|veldwachter
| veldwachter  
|constable, policeman, patrolman, village policeman
| constable, policeman, patrolman, village policeman
|-
|-
|verdrinking
| verdrinking  
|drowning
| drowning
|-
|-
|vergunning
| vergunning  
|permission
| permission
|-
|-
|verjaardag
| verjaardag  
|birthday
| birthday
|-
|-
|verklaard
| verklaard  
|declared
| declared
|-
|-
|verklaren
| verklaren  
|to declare
| to declare
|-
|-
|verklaring
| verklaring  
|declaration, affidavit, sworn statement
| declaration, affidavit, sworn statement
|-
|-
|verkondigen
| verkondigen  
|publish (as in banns), proclaim
| publish (as in banns), proclaim
|-
|-
|verlamming
| verlamming  
|paralysis, stroke
| paralysis, stroke
|-
|-
|verlaten
| verlaten  
|to leave, left
| to leave, left
|-
|-
|verleden
| verleden  
|past
| past
|-
|-
|verlof
| verlof  
|leave (soldier's), permission
| leave (soldier's), permission
|-
|-
|verloofd
| verloofd  
|betrothed, engaged
| betrothed, engaged
|-
|-
|verloofde(n)
| verloofde(n)  
|engaged person(s), fiancée, fiancé
| engaged person(s), fiancée, fiancé
|-
|-
|verloving
| verloving  
|betrothal, engagement
| betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
|verpandings-kohieren
| verpandings-kohieren  
|tax ledger
| tax ledger
|-
|-
|verscheiden
| verscheiden  
|to pass away or die, various, different
| to pass away or die, various, different
|-
|-
|verschijnt
| verschijnt  
|appears
| appears
|-
|-
|verstopping
| verstopping  
|obstruction, blockage
| obstruction, blockage
|-
|-
|vertering
| vertering  
|consumption, tuberculosis
| consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
|vertrokken
| vertrokken  
|departed, moved, gone away
| departed, moved, gone away
|-
|-
|verver
| verver  
|dyer, house painter
| dyer, house painter
|-
|-
|verwantschap
| verwantschap  
|relationship
| relationship
|-
|-
|verwijderen
| verwijderen  
|to remove, to withdraw
| to remove, to withdraw
|-
|-
|vestigen
| vestigen  
|to settle, establish
| to settle, establish
|-
|-
|vesting
| vesting  
|fortress
| fortress
|-
|-
|vier
| vier  
|four
| four
|-
|-
|vierde
| vierde  
|fourth
| fourth
|-
|-
|vierentwintig
| vierentwintig  
|twenty-four
| twenty-four
|-
|-
|vierentwintigste
| vierentwintigste  
|twenty-fourth
| twenty-fourth
|-
|-
|vijf
| vijf  
|five
| five
|-
|-
|vijfde
| vijfde  
|fifth
| fifth
|-
|-
|vijfentwintig
| vijfentwintig  
|twenty-five
| twenty-five
|-
|-
|vijfentwintigste
| vijfentwintigste  
|twenty-fifth
| twenty-fifth
|-
|-
|vijftien
| vijftien  
|fifteen
| fifteen
|-
|-
|vijftiende
| vijftiende  
|fifteenth
| fifteenth
|-
|-
|vijftig
| vijftig  
|fifty
| fifty
|-
|-
|vijftigste
| vijftigste  
|fiftieth
| fiftieth
|-
|-
|visser
| visser  
|fisherman
| fisherman
|-
|-
|vleeshouwer
| vleeshouwer  
|butcher
| butcher
|-
|-
|vlij
| vlij  
|marsh, swamp
| marsh, swamp
|-
|-
|V.O.C.
| V.O.C.  
|Dutch East Indies Company
| Dutch East Indies Company
|-
|-
|voerman
| voerman  
|coachman
| coachman
|-
|-
|volbracht
| volbracht  
|performed, completed, finished
| performed, completed, finished
|-
|-
|volbrengen
| volbrengen  
|to finish, complete
| to finish, complete
|-
|-
|volgend
| volgend  
|following, next
| following, next
|-
|-
|volgende dag
| volgende dag  
|(the) following day
| (the) following day
|-
|-
|volgens
| volgens  
|to, after, according to, follows
| to, after, according to, follows
|-
|-
|volkstelling
| volkstelling  
|census, population records
| census, population records
|-
|-
|volmacht
| volmacht  
|authorization
| authorization
|-
|-
|voltooien
| voltooien  
|to finish, complete
| to finish, complete
|-
|-
|voltrekkingen
| voltrekkingen  
|solemnization
| solemnization
|-
|-
|vondeling
| vondeling  
|foundling
| foundling
|-
|-
|voogd
| voogd  
|guardian
| guardian
|-
|-
|voor
| voor  
|for, in front of, before
| for, in front of, before
|-
|-
|vooraf(gang)
| vooraf(gang)
|previous, preceding
| previous, preceding
|-
|-
|voorafgaand
| voorafgaand  
|former
| former
|-
|-
|voorafgaande dag
| voorafgaande dag  
|the previous day
| the previous day
|-
|-
|voorbij
| voorbij  
|past, beyond, over
| past, beyond, over
|-
|-
|voorbij gaan
| voorbij gaan  
|gone by
| gone by
|-
|-
|voorgaand
| voorgaand  
|previous, preceding
| previous, preceding
|-
|-
|voorheen
| voorheen  
|previous, formerly, in former days
| previous, formerly, in former days
|-
|-
|voorjaar
| voorjaar  
|spring (season)
| spring (season)
|-
|-
|voorlezing
| voorlezing  
|reading, reading aloud
| reading, reading aloud
|-
|-
|voormeld
| voormeld  
|before mentioned, said, stated
| before mentioned, said, stated
|-
|-
|voormiddag
| voormiddag  
|morning, forenoon (in the morning)
| morning, forenoon (in the morning)
|-
|-
|voornaam
| voornaam
|given name
| given name
|-
|-
|voornoemde
| voornoemde  
|above-mentioned, aforesaid
| above-mentioned, aforesaid
|-
|-
|voorouder
| voorouder  
|ancestor
| ancestor
|-
|-
|voortekening
| voortekening  
|over his signature
| over his signature
|-
|-
|voorts
| voorts  
|furthermore, moreover, further, addition, also
| furthermore, moreover, further, addition, also
|-
|-
|voortgebracht
| voortgebracht  
|produced, generated, produced in, brought forth, emitted
| produced, generated, produced in, brought forth, emitted
|-
|-
|voorvader
| voorvader
|ancestor, forefather
| ancestor, forefather
|-
|-
|vorig
| vorig  
|previous, preceding
| previous, preceding
|-
|-
|vorige dag
| vorige dag  
|previous day
| previous day
|-
|-
|vormer
| vormer  
|framer, molder
| framer, molder
|-
|-
|vormsel
| vormsel  
|Catholic confirmation
| Catholic confirmation
|-
|-
|vorst
| vorst  
|monarch, sovereign, ruler
| monarch, sovereign, ruler
|-
|-
|vorstendom
| vorstendom  
|principality
| principality
|-
|-
|vreemd
| vreemd  
|foreign, strange
| foreign, strange
|-
|-
|vriend
| vriend  
|friend
| friend
|-
|-
|vrijboer
| vrijboer  
|farmer owner
| farmer owner
|-
|-
|vrijdag
| vrijdag  
|Friday
| Friday
|-
|-
|vrijgezel
| vrijgezel  
|bachelor
| bachelor
|-
|-
|vroedmeester
| vroedmeester  
|man who assists in childbirth
| man who assists in childbirth  
|-
|-
|vroedvrouw
| vroedvrouw  
|midwife
| midwife
|-
|-
|vroeg(tijdig)
| vroeg(tijdig)  
|early (a.m.), prematurely, untimely
| early (a.m.), prematurely, untimely
|-
|-
|vroeger
| vroeger  
|formerly, earlier
| formerly, earlier
|-
|-
|vrouw
| vrouw  
|woman, wife, Mrs.
| woman, wife, Mrs.
|-
|-
|vrouw(spersoon)
| vrouw(spersoon)  
|wife, woman, female
| wife, woman, female
|-
|-
|vrouwelijk
| vrouwelijk  
|female
| female
|-
|-
|V.W.C.
| V.W.C.  
|Dutch West Indies Company
| Dutch West Indies Company
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== W ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====W====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|waar
| waar
|where
| where
|-
|-
|waaraan
| waaraan  
|which
| which
|-
|-
|waarheen
| waarheen  
|where to
| where to
|-
|-
|waarom
| waarom  
|why
| why
|-
|-
|wagenmaker
| wagenmaker  
|cartwright, wagon builder, coach builder
| cartwright, wagon builder, coach builder
|-
|-
|wanneer
| wanneer  
|when
| when
|-
|-
|wapen
| wapen
|heraldic crest, coat of arms
| heraldic crest, coat of arms
|-
|-
|waren
| waren  
|were, goods
| were, goods
|-
|-
|was
| was  
|was
| was
|-
|-
|wat
| wat  
|what, how
| what, how
|-
|-
|waterzucht
| waterzucht  
|dropsy
| dropsy
|-
|-
|weduwe
| weduwe  
|widow
| widow
|-
|-
|weduwnaar
| weduwnaar  
|widower
| widower
|-
|-
|week
| week  
|week
| week
|-
|-
|weeskamer
| weeskamer  
|orphan's court
| orphan's court
|-
|-
|weeskind
| weeskind  
|orphan
| orphan
|-
|-
|wegens
| wegens  
|because of
| because of
|-
|-
|weinig
| weinig  
|little, small, few
| little, small, few
|-
|-
|welk(e)
| welk(e)  
|which
| which
|-
|-
|wellicht
| wellicht
|maybe, perhaps
| maybe, perhaps
|-
|-
|werkman
| werkman  
|laborer
| laborer
|-
|-
|west
| west  
|west
| west
|-
|-
|wet
| wet  
|law
| law
|-
|-
|wethouder
| wethouder  
|alderman
| alderman
|-
|-
|wettelijk
| wettelijk  
|legal
| legal
|-
|-
|wettelijk kind
| wettelijk kind  
|legitimate child
| legitimate child
|-
|-
|wettig
| wettig  
|lawful, legal
| lawful, legal
|-
|-
|wever
| wever  
|weaver
| weaver
|-
|-
|wie
| wie  
|who
| who
|-
|-
|wieldraaijer
| wieldraaijer  
|wheelwright
| wheelwright
|-
|-
|wij
| wij  
|we
| we
|-
|-
|wijk
| wijk  
|district, area, section, ward
| district, area, section, ward
|-
|-
|wijlen
| wijlen  
|late (deceased), the late, blessed
| late (deceased), the late, blessed
|-
|-
|wijnmaand
| wijnmaand
|wine month, October
| wine month, October
|-
|-
|wil
| wil  
|will, desire, wish, consent
| will, desire, wish, consent
|-
|-
|wilde(n)
| wilde(n)  
|Indian(s) (in New York), savage(s)
| Indian(s) (in New York), savage(s)
|-
|-
|willen
| willen  
|to want to
| to want to
|-
|-
|winkelier(ster)
| winkelier(ster)  
|shopkeeper male (female)
| shopkeeper male (female)
|-
|-
|winter
| winter  
|winter
| winter
|-
|-
|wintermaand
| wintermaand  
|winter month, December
| winter month, December
|-
|-
|wit
| wit  
|white
| white
|-
|-
|woensdag
| woensdag  
|Wednesday
| Wednesday
|-
|-
|wonende
| wonende  
|residing
| residing
|-
|-
|woonachtig
| woonachtig  
|resident, living at
| resident, living at
|-
|-
|woonplaats
| woonplaats  
|residence, domicile, dwelling place
| residence, domicile, dwelling place
|-
|-
|woordenboek
| woordenboek  
|dictionary
| dictionary
|-
|-
|worden
| worden  
|to become, be
| to become, be
|-
|-
|woud
| woud  
|forest
| forest
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== X  ====


====X====
==== Y  ====


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== IJ ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====Y====
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
====IJ====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|ijs
| ijs  
|ice
| ice
|-
|-
|IJsland
| IJsland  
|Iceland
| Iceland
|-
|-
|ijzer
| ijzer  
|iron
| iron
|-
|-
|ijzer smelterij
| ijzer smelterij  
|iron foundry
| iron foundry
|-
|-
|ijzersmid
| ijzersmid  
|smith, blacksmith
| smith, blacksmith
|-
|-
|ijzerwaren
| ijzerwaren  
|hardware
| hardware
|-
|-
|ijzerwerker
| ijzerwerker
|ironworker
| ironworker
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
==== Z ====
 
{| width="90%" class="wikitable"
====Z====
{| class="wikitable" width="40%"
|-
|-
! scope="col" |Dutch
! scope="col" | Dutch  
! scope="col" |English
! scope="col" | English
|-
|-
|zaken
| zaken  
|trade, business, case, affairs
| trade, business, case, affairs
|-
|-
|zaterdag
| zaterdag  
|Saturday
| Saturday
|-
|-
|ze
| ze  
|they, she
| they, she
|-
|-
|zeeman
| zeeman  
|sailor
| sailor
|-
|-
|zeepzieder
| zeepzieder  
|soap maker
| soap maker
|-
|-
|zelfde
| zelfde  
|the same
| the same
|-
|-
|zes
| zes
|six
| six
|-
|-
|zesde
| zesde  
|sixth
| sixth
|-
|-
|zesentwintig
| zesentwintig  
|twenty-six
| twenty-six
|-
|-
|zesentwintigste
| zesentwintigste  
|twenty-sixth
| twenty-sixth
|-
|-
|zestien
| zestien  
|sixteen
| sixteen
|-
|-
|zestiende
| zestiende  
|sixteenth
| sixteenth
|-
|-
|zestig
| zestig  
|sixty
| sixty
|-
|-
|zestigste
| zestigste  
|sixtieth
| sixtieth
|-
|-
|zetten
| zetten  
|to place, put, impose
| to place, put, impose
|-
|-
|zeven
| zeven  
|seven
| seven
|-
|-
|zevende
| zevende  
|seventh
| seventh
|-
|-
|zevenentwintig
| zevenentwintig  
|twenty-seven
| twenty-seven
|-
|-
|zevenentwintigste
| zevenentwintigste  
|twenty-seventh
| twenty-seventh
|-
|-
|zevenstigte
| zevenstigte  
|seventieth
| seventieth
|-
|-
|zeventien
| zeventien  
|seventeen
| seventeen
|-
|-
|zeventiende
| zeventiende  
|seventeenth
| seventeenth
|-
|-
|zeventig
| zeventig  
|seventy
| seventy
|-
|-
|zie
| zie  
|see
| see
|-
|-
|ziekte
| ziekte  
|disease, illness
| disease, illness
|-
|-
|zij
| zij  
|she, they
| she, they
|-
|-
|zijn
| zijn
|its, his, to be, are
| its, his, to be, are
|-
|-
|zijrivier
| zijrivier
|tributary, river, stream
| tributary, river, stream
|-
|-
|zomer
| zomer  
|summer
| summer
|-
|-
|zomermaand
| zomermaand  
|summer month, June
| summer month, June
|-
|-
|zondag
| zondag  
|Sunday
| Sunday
|-
|-
|zonder
| zonder  
|without
| without
|-
|-
|zoon
| zoon  
|son
| son
|-
|-
|zoontje
| zoontje
|little son, small son
| little son, small son
|-
|-
|zou
| zou  
|should
| should
|-
|-
|zuid
| zuid  
|south
| south
|-
|-
|zuigeling
| zuigeling  
|baby, suckling
| baby, suckling
|-
|-
|zuivelboer
| zuivelboer  
|dairy farmer
| dairy farmer
|-
|-
|zuster
| zuster  
|sister
| sister
|-
|-
|zwager
| zwager  
|brother-in-law
| brother-in-law
|-
|-
|zwakheid
| zwakheid  
|weakness
| weakness
|-
|-
|zwakte
| zwakte  
|weak
| weak
|-
|-
|zwanger
| zwanger  
|pregnant
| pregnant
|-
|-
|zwart
| zwart  
|black
| black
|-
|-
|zwarten
| zwarten  
|Negroes, blacks
| Negroes, blacks
|-
|-
|Zweden
| Zweden  
|Sweden
| Sweden
|-
|-
|zweeds
| zweeds  
|Swedish
| Swedish
|-
|-
|zwelling
| zwelling  
|swelling, tumor
| swelling, tumor
|-
|-
|Zwitserland
| Zwitserland  
|Switzerland
| Switzerland
|-
|-
|zwitsers
| zwitsers  
|Swiss
| Swiss
|}
|}
   
   
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


==References==


[[Category:Netherlands_Language_and_Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Netherlands_Language_and_Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Word_List]]  
[[Category:Word_List|Dutch]]
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
<references />

Revision as of 20:54, 11 October 2017

Dutch Genealogical
Word List
Map of Dutch Speaking Areas.png
Downloadable Word List
Handwriting Help
Associated Countries

Dutch (like English and German), is a Germanic language derived from Old Low Franconian and Old Saxon.

Dutch is spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, the Netherlands Antilles in the Caribbean, and Suriname. Flemish, which is spoken in Belgium, is a major dialect (regional variation) of Dutch. It uses words similar to the words on this list. Afrikaans, a separate language spoken in South Africa, is descended  from Dutch and preserves many older and dialect features of Dutch, but contains many German and English words as well .
Frisian, which is spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland, is a different language from Dutch.
The "Additional Resources" section below will tell you how to use the FamilySearch Catalog to find dictionaries of the various dialects and related languages.

In addition, Dutch is found in some early records of the United States (mostly in New York, New Jersey, Michigan, and Iowa) and in South Africa, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Brazil and Taiwan.

Key Words[edit | edit source]

To find and use specific types of Dutch records, you will need to know some key words in Dutch. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Dutch words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Dutch words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Dutch records to indicate marriage.

English Dutch
baptism dopen, doop, gedoopt
birth geboren, geboorte
burial begraven, begraaf
Catholic rooms katholiek, oud katholiek
census volkstelling, bevolking
child, children kind, kinderen
christening (see baptism)
civil registry burgerlijke stand
death overleden, overlijden, gestorven
father vader
husband echtgenoot, man
index tafel, klapper, fiche
Jewish joods
marriage(s) huwelijk(en), trouwen, echt, gehuwden, getrouwd
military militaire, landweer, krijgsmacht
month maand
mother moeder
name, given voornaam, eerste naam
name, surname achternaam, familienaam, bijnaam, toenaam
parents ouders
parish parochie, gemeente
Protestant protestant
supplement bijlage
town, village stad, gemeente, dorp
wife huisvrouw, vrouw, echtgenote
year jaar

Numbers[edit | edit source]

In some genealogical records, numbers are written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each number. Days of the month are written in ordinal form.

Cardinal Ordinal
1 een 1st eerste
2 twee 2nd tweede
3 drie 3rd derde
4 vier 4th vierde
5 vijf 5th vijfde
6 zes 6th zesde
7 zeven 7th zevende
8 acht 8th achtste
9 negen 9th negende
10 tien 10th tiende
11 elf 11th elfde
12 twaalf 12th twaalfde
13 dertien 13th dertiende
14 veertien 14th veertiende
15 vijftien 15th vijftiende
16 zestien 16th zestiende
17 zeventien 17th zeventiende
18 achttien 18th achttiende
19 negentie 19th negentiende
20 twintig 20th twintigste
21 eenentwintig 21st eenentwintigste
22 tweeëntwintig 22th tweeëntwintigste
23 drieentwintig 23th drieentwintigste
24 vierentwintig 24th vierentwintigste
25 vijfentwintig 25th vijfentwintigste
26 zesentwintig 26th zesentwintigste
27 zevenentwintig 27th zevenentwintigste
28 achtentwintig 28th achtentwintigste
29 negenentwintig 29th negenentwintigste
30 dertig 30th dertigste
31 eenendertig 31th eenendertigste
40 veertig 40th veertigste
50 vijftig 50th vijftigste
60 zestig 60th zestigste
70 zeventig 70th zevenstigte
80 tachtig 80th tachtigste
90 negentig 90th negentigste
100 honderd 100th honderdste
101 honderd(en)een 101st honderd(en)eerste
200 tweehonderd 200th tweehonderdste
1000 duizend 1000th duizendste

Dates and Time[edit | edit source]

In Dutch records, dates are often written out. For example:

Donderdag, drie en twintig maart in het jaar van onse heer een duizend acht hondert en zesendertig [Thursday, three and twenty March in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and six and thirty].

To understand Dutch dates, use the following lists as well as the preceding "Numbers" section.

Months[edit | edit source]

English Dutch Archaic Form
January Januari louwmaand tanning month
February Februari sprokkelmaand wood-gathering month
March Maart lentemaand spring month
April April grasmaand grass month
May Mei bloeimaand blossom month
June Juni zomermaand summer month
July Juli hooimaand hay month
August Augustus oogstmaand harvest month
September September (7ber) herfstmaand autumn month
October October (8ber) wijnmaand wine month
November November (9ber) slachtmaand slaughter month
December December (10ber) wintermaand winter month

Days of the Week[edit | edit source]

English Dutch
Sunday Sondag
Monday Maandag
Tuesday Dinsdag
Wednesday Woensdag
Thursday Donderdag
Friday Vrijdag
Saturday Zaterdag

Times of the Day[edit | edit source]

Dutch birth and death records often indicated the time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.

Dutch English
des avonds ('s avonds) in the evening
des middags ('s middags) in the afternoon
des morgens ('s morgens) in the morning
des nachts ('s nachts) in the night
in de namiddag in the mid-afternoon
in de voormiddag in the mid-morning

Alphabetical Wordlist[edit | edit source]

A[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
aan upon, to
aangenomen naam named, alias, also known as, assumed name, accepted surname
aannemen to adopt (a child), to assume, to take on
aanneming confirmation
aannemingsdag day of confirmation
aanstaande next, toward, following, expectant, future, impending
aanval stroke, attack
aarde earth (buried in), ground
aardrijkskundig woordenboek gazetteer
acht eight
achtenswaardig respectable, honorable
achtentwintig twenty-eight
achtentwintigste twenty-eighth
achterkleindochter great-granddaughter
achterkleinzoon great-grandson
achternaam surname, last name
achtste eighth
achttien eighteen
achttiende eighteenth
adel nobility
adellijk noble, titled
aderlating bleeding, bloodletting
adresboek directory
advocaat notary, lawyer
afkondigen to post banns
afkondigingen proclamations, banns
afschrift(en) extract, duplicate record, transcript, certified copy
afwezig absent
akte certificate, deed, license
alhier here, at this place, locally
alle all, every
alleen alone, single, only
altijd, steeds always
ambt office, function, post
ambtelijk official, professional
ambtenaar official, registrar, civil servant, clerk
ander(s) other
anders genoemd alias, also known as
angiften intentions (marriage), declarations
Apostolisch Apostolic
April, april April
arbeider laborer
archief archive
archieven archives
Augustus, augustus August
avond ('s avonds) evening, (in the evening)
Avondmaal communion, sacrament

B[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
bad(plaats) resort, spa, bath
baker dry nurse
bakker baker
bedelaar beggar
bedrag fee, amount (of money)
bedrijf trade, business, concern
begraafplaats cemetery
begrafenis funeral
begraven to bury
behoeftigden needy, indigent
behoren to belong to
beide both
bejaard aged
bekende acquaintance
belasting taxation
Belg(isch) Belgian
België Belgium
bemerking remarks
benadering approximation
berg mountain
beroep trade, occupation
beschrijving description
beslagnemen to seize
besnijdenis circumcision
bet-overgrootvader second great-grandfather
bet-bet-overgrootvader third great-grandfather
betrekking in relation to, relatives
betuiging declaration, expression
bevolking population
bevolkingsregister population register
bewaarder guardian, warden
bewijs certificate, proof
bewijs van overlijden proof of death, death certificate
bewijs van trouwen proof of marriage, marriage certificate
bidden to pray, to request
bijlagen supplemental documents
bijna almost, nearly
bijnaam surname, nickname
bijzit mistress, concubine
binnenkant inside
biografie biography
bisdom diocese
bladzijde (blz.) page
bloedverwant blood relative
bloeimaand blossoming month, May
boek book
boer farmer
boerenarbeider cottager, farmhand, worker
boerenknecht farm worker
bos woods, forest
bosbaas forester
bosch woods, forest (old spelling of the word)
boswachter forester
boven above, over, upstairs
bovengemelden above-mentioned
braaf honest, worthy, good
broeder, broer brother
brouwer brewer
brug bridge
bruid bride
bruidegom bridegroom
buiten(kant) outside
buitenechtelijk illegitimate
burgemeester mayor
burgelijke administralie civil administration
burger citizen
burgerboek citizenship book
burgerlijke ambtenaar civil registrar
burgerlijke stand civil registration, civil administration
burgerschap citizenship
buurman neighbor
buurtschap neighborhood

C[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
communicanten members, communicants
comparant one who appeared
compareerde appeared before
confirmatie confirmation

D[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
daar(heen) there
dag day
dag der begravenis day of the burial, burial day
dagelijks daily
dagloner day worker, day laborer
dagteekening document date
dal valley
dat that
datum date
de the
December, december December
deden done
deed did
deel volume, part of
Deen Dane
Deens Danish
degenen those
Denemarken Denmark
derde third
dertien thirteen
dertiende thirteenth
dertig thirty
dertigste thirtieth
des of the
dewelke of which, the which
deze this, these
diarree diarrhea
die those, that
dienst service, employment
dienstbode servant
dienstmeisje servant girl
dienstsmeid maid
dinsdag Tuesday
diocees diocese
dit this
dochter(tje) (little) daughter
doen to do
dominee minister
donderdag Thursday
dood dead
dood geboren stillborn
doodgraver sexton, grave digger
doop baptism, christening
doopdag day of baptism
doopregister baptismal register
Doopsgezinde Mennonite, Baptist
doopvader godfather, baptismal sponsor
door through, by
dopen to baptize
dorp village
drie three
drieëntwintig twenty-three
drieëntwintigste twenty-third
drupped gout
duits German (language)
duitser German (person)
Duitsland Germany
duizend thousand
duizendste thousandth
duplicaat duplicate
dysenterie dysentery

E[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
echt marriage
echtbreker adulterer
echtelieden spouses
echtgenoot husband
echtgenote wife
echtgenoten husband and wife, spouses
echtscheiding divorce
echtverbintenis marriage
edel(man) noble(man)
een a, an, one
eenendertig thirty-one
eenendertigste thirty-first
eenentwintig twenty-one
eenjarig annual, yearly
eerder before, previously, earlier
eergisteren day before yesterday
eerlijk honest
eertijds formerly
eeuw century
ehelieden spouses
eigenaar owner, proprietor
eigengeërfde yeoman, freeholder
eiland, eilant island
elf eleven
elfde eleventh
elk each, every
emigrant emigrant
emigranten register emigration file
emigratie papieren emigration records
en and
enig only, single
erfenis inheritance
erkennende recognizing, acknowledging
ervan of it
ervoor for it
Evangelisch evangelical

F[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
fabriek factory, mill
familie-geschiedenis family history
familieleden family members,relatives
familielijst family list, group sheet
familienaam family name, surname
familiewapen familycoat of arms
Februarij, februari February
feestdag feast day, holiday
fiches index cards
florijn guilder
Frankrijk France
frans French

G[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
gangbaar current
geboorte birth
geboorteakte birth certificate
geboortebewijs proof of birth,birth certificate
geboorteplaats place of birth
geboortetijd time of birth
geboortig born at, native of
geboren born, maiden name, née
gebracht brought, placed, charged, put, been
gedelegeerden delegate, delegates, delegates to
gedoopt baptized, christened
geelzucht jaundice
geen no, none, without
geestelijke priest, clergyman
gegeven given, gave
gehucht hamlet
gehuwd married
geld money
gelegitimeerd legitimized
gelijk same, alike, similar
gemeenschap community, township
gemeente town, municipality, parish
gemeenteraadslid councilman, town councilor
genaamd named
genaamt named
genealogie genealogy
genoemden named, mentioned
gerechtelijk(e) court, judicial
gerechtshof judicial court
Gereformeerd(e) Calvinist Reformed
gering small
gescheiden divorced
geschenk deed, gift, present
geschiedenis history
geslacht sex, gender
geslachtsboom pedigree, family tree
gestorven died
gestorven zonder nageslacht died without issue
geteekend signed, drew
getranscribeerd transcribed
getrouwd married
getuigen witnesses
gewesen former
gezegend blessed, the deceased
gezin immediate family
gezindheid religious affiliation
gezinslijst family group sheet
gezwel, gezwollenheid swelling, tumor
gezworene juryman, person under oath
gisteren yesterday
Godsbeschikking dispensation, God's will
godsdienst religion
goed good, right, correct
graaf count, earl
graafschap county, shire
graf grave, tomb
grasmaand gras month,April
grens border (between countries)
grensgebied border, region
groen green
groet greet, greeting
grondeigenaren property owners
groot large, big, great
groothandelaar trader, merchant
grootmoeder grandmother
grootvader grandfather
gulden guilder (unit of money)

H[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
haar, hare hair, her, hers
had(den) had
half half
halfbroeder half brother
halfzuster half sister
handel trade, occupation
handtekening signature
handwerksgezel journeyman
hebben to have
heden today
heel all, whole, entire, complete
heer master, gentleman, Mr.
Heer the Lord
heerschappen gentry, lords
hem him
hen, hun them, their, theirs
herbergier innkeeper
herder shepherd
herfst autumn, fall
herfstmaand fall month, September
Hernhutter Moravian
hertog duke
hertogdom duchy
hertogin duchess
Hervormd(e) Dutch reformed
Hessisch Hessian
het it, the
heuvel hill
hij he
hoe how
hoer harlot, immoral woman
hoesten cough
hoger upper, higher
hollands Dutch
honderd hundred
honderdste hundredth
hoofdplaats capital
hoog high
hooimaand hay month, July
houtvester forester
huidziekte measles
huis house
huisgezin immediate family
huishoudster housekeeper
huisland home, native country, homeland
huisvrouw housewife
huizenkant inside, side of a house
hun their
huwelijksaangiften marriage intention
huwelijk marriage
huwelijksaf(aan)-kondigingen marriage banns
huwelijksbijlagen marriage supplements
huwelijksdag day of marriage
huwelijksfeest wedding
huwen to marry

I[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
immigrant immigrant
in in
ingekomen arrival, immigration
ingezetenen citizen, occupants
inhoud contents
inwoner inhabitant, citizen
is is
italiaans Italian
Italië Italy

J[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
jaar, jaren year, years
jaarlijks annual, yearly
jager hunter
Januarij, januari January
j.d. (jonge dochter) unmarried daughter
j.g. (jong gezel) young man, bachelor
jicht gout
j.m. (jonge man) young man, bachelor
jong(e) young
jongeling a youth, unmarried man
jongen boy
Jood Jew
joods(e) Jewish
juffrouw Miss, Madame
Julij, juli July
Junij, juni June

K[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
kamer room (in a house)
kan can
kanaal canal
kanker cancer
kantwerkster lacemaker
karman coachman
kasteel castle
Katholiek Catholic
keizerlijk imperial
keizerrijk empire
kerk church
kerkboek church book, parish register
kerkelijk(e) church (pertaining to church)
kerkelijk ambt parish office
kerkeraads-handelingen church minutes
kerkgenootschap religious affiliation
kerk meester church warden
kerk voogt church warden
kil stream, brook
kind, kinderen child, children
kinkhoest whooping cough
klapper index
kledinghandelaar clothier
kleermaker tailor
klein little, small
kleindochter granddaughter
kleiner smaller, lesser
kleinzoon grandson
klompenmaker wooden shoemaker
km. kilometer
knecht servant, laborer, journeyman
kohier(en) register(s), ledger(s)
koning king
koningin queen
koninklijk royal
koninkrijk kingdom
koopman buyer, seller, vendor, trader, merchant
kopen to buy
koperslager coppersmith
koster sexton
kraambed childbed
kraambed gestorven died in childbirth
kraambedkoorts puerperal fever, childbed fever
kramer seller, vendor, peddler
krampachtig convulsions
krampen cramps, convulsions
krijgen to receive
kuiper cooper
kunnen could
kwaal disease, complaint
kwaliteit status, quality
kwartierstaat pedigree, family tree

L[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
laat, laatste tijd late (in the day), lately
laatste latter, last
lakenvoller (-volder) clothier, fuller
land land, country
landbouwer farmer
landgoed, landbezit estate
landkaart map
landlieden farmers
landman cottager, farmer
land verlatend emigrant
laten to let, leave, allow
leeftijd age
leerjongen apprentice
leerling student, apprentice, pupil
leerlooier tanner
leggen to place, put, impose, to lay
lente spring (season)
lentemaand spring month, March
leven to live
levend living
levenloos without life, stillborn
levens-beschrijving biography
lidmaten members, membership
linker hand left hand
links left (direction)
linnenwever linen weaver
logementhouder innkeeper
longontsteking pneumonia
longtering consumption, tuberculosis
looier tanner
louwmaand January
Lutheraan, Luthers Lutheran
lijk corpse
lijnslager rope maker

M[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
maagd virgin, maid, servant girl
maand month
maandag Monday
maar but
Maart March
mag may (might)
makelaar registers real estate registers
man husband, man
mannelijk male
markt market
mazelen measles
meer lake, more
meerderjarige of legal age
Meij, mei May
meier tenant farmer, bailiff
meisje girl
melkerij milk factory, dairy
melkfabriek milk factory, dairy
mengel (mingel) liquid measure, about one to two quarts
met with
met name named, alias
metselaar mason, bricklayer
meu aunt
meubelmaker furniture maker
middag ('s middags) afternoon (in the afternoon)
middernacht midnight
mijnheer Mr.
mijnwerker miner
militaire military
minderjarige minor, below legal age
misschien maybe, perhaps
missen to miss, lack
mocht might
moeder mother
moet(en) must
mogen may (might have), to allow
molen mill
mondig verklaring declaration of being of legal age
morgen unit of land area, about two acres
morgen ('s morgens) morning, tomorrow (in the morning)
mijl mile (varying lengths, up to 5.5 km.)

N[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
na after
naaister seamstress
naam name
naar to, toward, for, according to
naar gelang van to, after, according to
naast beside, following, next (to)
nabijkomen approach, approximate
nabuur neighbor
nacht ('s nachts) night (in the night)
namen names
namiddag, ('s namiddags) afternoon (in the afternoon)
neder low, lower (directional)
Nederland the Netherlands
nederlands Dutch
neef nephew, male cousin
neefje nephew, young male cousin
negen nine
negende ninth
negenentwintig twenty-nine
negenentwintigste twenty-ninth
negentien nineteen
negentiende nineteenth
negentig ninety
negentigste ninetieth
neger Negro
nicht niece, female cousin
nichtje niece, young female cousin
niet(s) no, none, not
niets nothing
nieuw new
nimmer never
noemen to christen, call, name
nog still, yet, other
nog in leven still living, surviving
nommer, nummer number
nooit never
noor(s) Norwegian
noord north
Noorwegen Norway
notaris notary
november November

O[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
october October
of or
om for, because of, at, round
oma grandma
omstreeks about, around
on- un- (prefix)
onbekend unknown
onder under
ondergetekende the undersigned
ondertrouw betrothal (already registered)
ondertrouw betrothal (already registered)
onderwijzer (school) teacher
onderwijzeres female teacher
onecht kind illegitimate child
ongehuwd unmarried
ongeleerdheid illiterate, unlearned
ongetrouwd single, unmarried
ongeveer almost, approximately
onkunde inability, incompetence, ignorance, ignorance of
onmiddellijk right away, immediately
onmondigen minor, under age
ons, onze us, our
ontvangen to receive, received
ontvanger tax collector
onwettig illegitimate, illegal
onze, ons us, our
opgesteld drafted
oogstmaand harvest month, August
ook also
oom uncle
oorkonden records, documents
oost east
op on, upon
opa grandpa
opgetreden appeared
op heden today, on this day
op hoge leeftijd at a great (old) age
opnemen to receive
opper upper
oprecht honest
optreden to appear
opziener overseer, inspector, guardian
organisatie organization, society
oud old (age)
ouder older, elder
ouderdom age
ouders parents
oudoom great-uncle
oudste eldest
oudtante great-aunt
over above, over, via
overeenkomst contract, agreement
overgrootmoeder great-grandmother
overgrootvader great-grandfather
overleden dead, deceased
overledene, de the deceased
overlevenden survivors
overlijden to die
overnemen to take over, adopt (an action)
overschrijven to extract

P[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
pachter tenant farmer, leaser, one who leases
pachter (van belastingen) publican, tax collector
Palts, de the Palatinate
Paltsgraafschap count palatine (the place)
paltsgrafelijk (from the) palatinate
parochie parish
parochieregisters parish registers
Pasen Easter, Passover
Pascha Passover
pastoor pastor, priest (Roman Catholic church)
patroon manor lord, patron, employer
peet godfather, godparent, sponsor
peetoom godfather
peettante godmother
pensionering retirement
pest plague, pestilence
petemoei godmother
peten godparents
plaag plague, scourge
plaats place
planter planter, farmer
pokken smallpox
Polen Poland, Poles
pools Polish
poorter citizen, freeman
poortersboeken burgher registers
portugees Portuguese
predikant minister, clergyman (Protestant church)
prins prince
prinses princess
protestant protestant
protocol document, register
provinciaal provincial
provincie provinces
Pruis(isch) Prussian
Pruissen Prussia

Q[edit | edit source]

R[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
raad council, counsel
recht right (correct), straight, law, justice
rechter judge, magistrate
rechter(zijde) right side
rechter hand right hand
rechterlijk legal, court (judicial)
rechtmatig rightful, right (correct)
rechts right (direction)
regering government, administration
rekeningen accounts, bills
rentenier retired tradesperson, man of means
rivier river
roede rod (unit of length, about twelve feet or 3.6 meters)
rond around, about
rood red
roodvonk scarlet fever
Rooms Katholiek Roman Catholic
ruim [ruim 80 = eighty plus years old] large, broad, wide, upwards of
Rus(sisch) Russian
Rusland Russia
rijk empire, kingdom, rich, wealthy
rijksarchief national and/or state archive, public record office

S[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
s = des of the Sakser Saxon
samen together
schaapherder shepherd
scheeps of a ship (the ship's)
schenking donation, gift
schepen alderman, magistrate, ships
schepenakten city council records
schilder painter
schip ship
schipper barge man, boatman, skipper
schlepel unit of measure, about .7 to 1.3 bushels
schoenmaker shoemaker
school school
schoondochter daughter-in-law
schoonzoon son-in-law
schoonzuster sister-in-law
schriftgeleerde scribe
schrijnwerker cabinet maker, joiner
schrijver scribe, writer, author
schuit barge, boat
September September
sinds(dien) since
slachter, slager butcher
slachtmaand slaughter month, November
slag hit, stroke, blow
slager, slachter butcher
slechts but, only, merely
sloot ditch
slot lock, castle
slotenmaker locksmith
smid (black)smith
soldaat soldier
soms sometimes, besides, in addition to
spaans Spanish
Spanjaard Spaniard
Spanje Spain
spoedig quickly, soon, speedy
sprokkelmaand wood gathering month, February
staat state
staats of the state
staatsburger citizen
stad city, town
stamboeken lineage books, genealogical register
stamboom pedigree
steeds always, still
steenbakker brick maker, stone mason
stellen to place, put, impose
sterven to die
stief- step-
straat street
stroom stream, river

T[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
t = het the
taal language
tachtig eighty
tachtigste eightieth
tafel index, table
tanden krijgen getting teeth, teething
tante aunt
te at, to
tegelijk together, at the same time
tegen(over) against, across
tegenwoordigheid presence, the presence of
te huis at home
teraardebestelling burial, interment
testament last will, testament
thuis at home
tien ten
tiende tithing
tiende tenth
tienjarige tafels ten-year (decennial) index
tiental decade
tiental dagen about ten days
tijd time
tijdelijk temporary
tijdschrift periodical
timmerman carpenter
toekomend future, next
toekomstig future, prostpective
toenaam surname
toestaan to let, grant, allow
toestemmen to consent
touwslager rope maker
trouwboek marriage book
trouwdag wedding day
trouwen to marry
tuberculose consumption, tuberculosis
tuin garden, yard
tuinman, tuinier gardener
tussen between
twaalf twelve
twaalfde twelfth
twee two
tweede second
tweeëntwintig twenty-two
tweeëntwintigste twenty-second
tweeling twins
twintig twenty
twintigste twentieth
tyfus typhoid fever
tyfuslijder typhoid patient

U[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
uit out of, from
uiterlijk outward, external, appearance, at the latest
uitgeven to publish
uittrekken extract
uur hour, o'clock

V[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
vaak often
vader father
vallende ziekte epilepsy
van from, of
veehoeder herdsman
veertien fourteen
veertiende fourteenth
veertig forty
veertigste fortieth
veld field
veldwachter constable, policeman, patrolman, village policeman
verdrinking drowning
vergunning permission
verjaardag birthday
verklaard declared
verklaren to declare
verklaring declaration, affidavit, sworn statement
verkondigen publish (as in banns), proclaim
verlamming paralysis, stroke
verlaten to leave, left
verleden past
verlof leave (soldier's), permission
verloofd betrothed, engaged
verloofde(n) engaged person(s), fiancée, fiancé
verloving betrothal, engagement
verpandings-kohieren tax ledger
verscheiden to pass away or die, various, different
verschijnt appears
verstopping obstruction, blockage
vertering consumption, tuberculosis
vertrokken departed, moved, gone away
verver dyer, house painter
verwantschap relationship
verwijderen to remove, to withdraw
vestigen to settle, establish
vesting fortress
vier four
vierde fourth
vierentwintig twenty-four
vierentwintigste twenty-fourth
vijf five
vijfde fifth
vijfentwintig twenty-five
vijfentwintigste twenty-fifth
vijftien fifteen
vijftiende fifteenth
vijftig fifty
vijftigste fiftieth
visser fisherman
vleeshouwer butcher
vlij marsh, swamp
V.O.C. Dutch East Indies Company
voerman coachman
volbracht performed, completed, finished
volbrengen to finish, complete
volgend following, next
volgende dag (the) following day
volgens to, after, according to, follows
volkstelling census, population records
volmacht authorization
voltooien to finish, complete
voltrekkingen solemnization
vondeling foundling
voogd guardian
voor for, in front of, before
vooraf(gang) previous, preceding
voorafgaand former
voorafgaande dag the previous day
voorbij past, beyond, over
voorbij gaan gone by
voorgaand previous, preceding
voorheen previous, formerly, in former days
voorjaar spring (season)
voorlezing reading, reading aloud
voormeld before mentioned, said, stated
voormiddag morning, forenoon (in the morning)
voornaam given name
voornoemde above-mentioned, aforesaid
voorouder ancestor
voortekening over his signature
voorts furthermore, moreover, further, addition, also
voortgebracht produced, generated, produced in, brought forth, emitted
voorvader ancestor, forefather
vorig previous, preceding
vorige dag previous day
vormer framer, molder
vormsel Catholic confirmation
vorst monarch, sovereign, ruler
vorstendom principality
vreemd foreign, strange
vriend friend
vrijboer farmer owner
vrijdag Friday
vrijgezel bachelor
vroedmeester man who assists in childbirth
vroedvrouw midwife
vroeg(tijdig) early (a.m.), prematurely, untimely
vroeger formerly, earlier
vrouw woman, wife, Mrs.
vrouw(spersoon) wife, woman, female
vrouwelijk female
V.W.C. Dutch West Indies Company

W[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
waar where
waaraan which
waarheen where to
waarom why
wagenmaker cartwright, wagon builder, coach builder
wanneer when
wapen heraldic crest, coat of arms
waren were, goods
was was
wat what, how
waterzucht dropsy
weduwe widow
weduwnaar widower
week week
weeskamer orphan's court
weeskind orphan
wegens because of
weinig little, small, few
welk(e) which
wellicht maybe, perhaps
werkman laborer
west west
wet law
wethouder alderman
wettelijk legal
wettelijk kind legitimate child
wettig lawful, legal
wever weaver
wie who
wieldraaijer wheelwright
wij we
wijk district, area, section, ward
wijlen late (deceased), the late, blessed
wijnmaand wine month, October
wil will, desire, wish, consent
wilde(n) Indian(s) (in New York), savage(s)
willen to want to
winkelier(ster) shopkeeper male (female)
winter winter
wintermaand winter month, December
wit white
woensdag Wednesday
wonende residing
woonachtig resident, living at
woonplaats residence, domicile, dwelling place
woordenboek dictionary
worden to become, be
woud forest

X[edit | edit source]

Y[edit | edit source]

IJ[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
ijs ice
IJsland Iceland
ijzer iron
ijzer smelterij iron foundry
ijzersmid smith, blacksmith
ijzerwaren hardware
ijzerwerker ironworker

Z[edit | edit source]

Dutch English
zaken trade, business, case, affairs
zaterdag Saturday
ze they, she
zeeman sailor
zeepzieder soap maker
zelfde the same
zes six
zesde sixth
zesentwintig twenty-six
zesentwintigste twenty-sixth
zestien sixteen
zestiende sixteenth
zestig sixty
zestigste sixtieth
zetten to place, put, impose
zeven seven
zevende seventh
zevenentwintig twenty-seven
zevenentwintigste twenty-seventh
zevenstigte seventieth
zeventien seventeen
zeventiende seventeenth
zeventig seventy
zie see
ziekte disease, illness
zij she, they
zijn its, his, to be, are
zijrivier tributary, river, stream
zomer summer
zomermaand summer month, June
zondag Sunday
zonder without
zoon son
zoontje little son, small son
zou should
zuid south
zuigeling baby, suckling
zuivelboer dairy farmer
zuster sister
zwager brother-in-law
zwakheid weakness
zwakte weak
zwanger pregnant
zwart black
zwarten Negroes, blacks
Zweden Sweden
zweeds Swedish
zwelling swelling, tumor
Zwitserland Switzerland
zwitsers Swiss
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