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| | ''[[Africa]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]]''''' [[Sudan Genealogy|Sudan]] [[Image:Gotoarrow.png]] [[Sudan History|History]]'''{{Sudan-sidebar}} |
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| ==General History==
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| [[Sudan Genealogy|Sudan]], located in northeast [[Africa]] along the Nile and its two main tributaries, the White and Blue Niles, has been home to humans for tens of thousands of years. Known as Nubia in antiquity, Sudan was home to the Kingdom of Kush, which thrived in the Nile River Basin and ruled [[Egypt Genealogy|Egypt]] as the 25th Dynasty around the 8th century BCE. Following the decline of Kush, the region saw the rise of Christian Nubian kingdoms such as Nobatia, Makuria, and Alodia, which lasted until the 14th century when internal decline and conversion to Islam resulted in the rise of multiple Muslim states.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "History of Sudan," ''Wikipedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan, accessed 18 December 2024.</ref>. | |
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| In the 19th century, Sudan came under the control of the [[Ottoman Empire Genealogy|Ottoman Empire]] and later Turco-Egyptian rule under the Egyptian dynasty of Muhammad Ali Pasha, which lasted until the Mahdist War of 1881 to 1885, led by Muhammad Ahmad. The short-lived Mahdist State was defeated by the [[Great Britain Genealogy|British]]-Egyptian forces in 1898, leading to the establishment of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "History of Sudan," ''Wikipedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan, accessed 18 December 2024.</ref>.
| | Effective family research requires some understanding of the historical events that may have affected your family and the records about them. Learning about wars, governments, laws, migrations, and religious trends may help you understand political boundaries, family movements, and settlement patterns. |
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| Sudan gained independence in 1956, but its post-independence history has been marked by prolonged civil conflicts, including two civil wars between the north and the south, largely driven by ethnic, religious, and economic differences. These conflicts have spurred hundreds of thousands of Sudanese to flee the country as refugees<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "History of Sudan," ''Wikipedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Sudan, accessed 18 December 2024.</ref>. | | ===Sudan History === |
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| In 2011, [[South Sudan Genealogy|South Sudan]] successfully seceded from the country as a result of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement that ended the Second Sudanese Civil War<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Republic of Sudan (1985-2019)," ''Wikipedia,'' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Sudan_(1985%E2%80%932019), accessed 18 December 2024.</ref>. Since then, Sudan has faced ongoing political instability, including the ousting of long-time President Omar al-Bashir in 2019 and subsequent military coups. Despite these challenges, Sudan continues to navigate its complex identity and political landscape.
| | *[http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Sudan.html Sudan] |
| ==Timeline==
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| *'''652''' Nubians repel a second invasion of Arab Muslim armies from Egypt, slowing the spread of Islam into the region of modern Sudan and prolonging the survival of several Christian kingdoms.<br>
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| *'''1821''' Ottoman Egypt, under the direction of Muhammad Ali Pasha, begins an invasion of Sudan that will eventually conquer most of the modern country's territory.<br>
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| *'''1885''' Upon taking Khartoum, a rebel movement led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad frees Sudan from Egyptian control.<br>
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| *'''1899''' British troops defeat Mahdist Sudan and assert Anglo-Egyptian rule over the territory.<br>
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| *'''1956''' Sudan achieves independence from Great Britain.<br>
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| *'''2011''' South Sudan votes to leave Sudan and becomes independent.<br>
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| ==References==
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| [[Category:Histories]][[Category:Sudan]]
| | [[Category:Sudan]] |
