Shoshone-Bannock Tribes: Difference between revisions
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To get started on [[ | To get started on [[American Indian Genealogy|American Indian Research]] | ||
{{infobox ethnic group | {{infobox ethnic group | ||
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|linguistic = Shoshonian; Shoshoni-Comanche | |linguistic = Shoshonian; Shoshoni-Comanche | ||
|cultural = not yet researched | |cultural = not yet researched | ||
|related-c = Bannock | |related-c = Bannock | ||
}} | }} | ||
=== Tribal Headquarters === | === Tribal Headquarters === | ||
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation <br>P.O. Box 306<br>Fort Hall, ID 83203-0306<br>Phone: 1.208.238.3700<br>Fax: 1.208.237.0797 <br> | |||
*[http://www.shoshonebannocktribes.com/ Shoshone-Bannock] Tribes Official Website | |||
Divisions: Hohandika, Shobarboobeer, Shohoaigadika, Slohosegadika (Hodge page 557) | Divisions: Hohandika, Shobarboobeer, Shohoaigadika, Slohosegadika (Hodge page 557) | ||
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*Death Valley Shoshone -- see [[Timbisha Shoshone Indians|Timbisha Shoshone]]<br> | *Death Valley Shoshone -- see [[Timbisha Shoshone Indians|Timbisha Shoshone]]<br> | ||
*Duckwater Shoshone -- [[Duckwater Indian Reservation (Nevada)|Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)]] | *Duckwater Shoshone -- [[Duckwater Indian Reservation (Nevada)|Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)]] | ||
*Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- [[Ely | *Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- [[Ely Indian Colony (Nevada)|Ely Colony (Nevada)]]<br> | ||
*Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- [[Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation|Fort McDermitt Reservation]] (Nevada and Oregon) | *Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- [[Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation|Fort McDermitt Reservation]] (Nevada and Oregon) | ||
*Mountain Shoshone or [[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeaters]] -- [[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi]] and [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall]] Reservation(Idaho and Montana) | *Mountain Shoshone or [[Sheepeater Indians|Sheepeaters]] -- [[Fort Lemhi Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Lemhi]] and [[Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)|Fort Hall]] Reservation(Idaho and Montana) | ||
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=== History === | === History === | ||
The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history | The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. | ||
The tribes | The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06 | ||
In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest. | ||
A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 | A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear river Massacre. | ||
In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship. | In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship. | ||
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==== Brief Timeline ==== | ==== Brief Timeline ==== | ||
*'''1782:''' Smallpox epidemic | *'''1782:''' Smallpox epidemic | ||
*'''1803-06:''' Lewis and Clark Expedition | *'''1803-06:''' Lewis and Clark Expedition | ||
*'''1825:''' Jedediah Smith | *'''1825:''' Jedediah Smith | ||
*'''1825:''' First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming | *'''1825:''' First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming | ||
*'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock. | *'''1841-1869:''' The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock. | ||
*'''1847:''' | *'''1847:''' Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake valley | ||
*'''1849:''' Gold was discovered in California | *'''1849:''' Gold was discovered in California | ||
*'''1855:''' Treaty | *'''1855:''' Treaty | ||
*'''1857:''' Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada | *'''1857:''' Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada | ||
*'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | *'''1862: '''Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City | ||
*'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 | *'''1863:''' January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed | ||
*'''1863:''' July, Treaty | *'''1863:''' July, Treaty | ||
*'''1868:''' Treaty | *'''1868:''' Treaty | ||
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*'''1870s''' lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall | *'''1870s''' lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall | ||
*'''1878:''' Bannock War | *'''1878:''' Bannock War | ||
*'''1878:''' a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho. | *'''1878:''' a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho. | ||
*'''1880s:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | *'''1880s:''' Railroad Rights-of-Way | ||
*'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6) | *'''1896:''' April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6) | ||
*'''1900:''' Population 1,766 Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. page 557 | *'''1900:''' Population 1,766 Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. page 557 | ||
*'''1982:''' Western Shoshone federally recognized | *'''1982:''' Western Shoshone federally recognized | ||
=== Agencies === | === Agencies === | ||
The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of | The following [[Agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs|agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs]] had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency. | ||
[[Carson Valley Indian Agency (Nevada)|Carson Agency ]] | |||
Shoshoni Agency | |||
[[Walker River Indian Agency (Nevada)|Walker River Agency]] | |||
=== Records === | === Records === | ||
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*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | *[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]] | ||
=== Records Available through the | === Records Available through the Family History Library === | ||
==== Census ==== | ==== Census ==== | ||
1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{ | 1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. {{FHL|49365|item|disp=FHL Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FHL Film: 928110-928115}} | ||
1885, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 '''Shoshoni Agency''', Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581873 (M595 roll 498) | |||
1900-1911 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581874 (M595 roll 499) | |||
1912-1918 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581875 (M595 roll 500) | |||
1919-1925 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581876 (M595 roll 501) | |||
1926-1929 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581877 (M595 roll 502 | |||
1930-1932 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho, Wind River Reservation. Births and Deaths - 1922, 1924-1931. FHL film 581878 (M595 roll 503) | |||
1933-1937 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581879 (M595 roll 504) | |||
1930-1931 '''Walker River Agency''', Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, Shoshoni, and Washo Indians. FHL film 583090 (M595 roll 631) | |||
1931-1932 '''Carson Agency''', Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. Death Roll, 1925-1931 and Birth roll, 1925-1931. FHL film 573865 (M595 roll 19) | |||
1933-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, '''Carson School'''. FHL film 573866 (M595 roll 20) | |||
1937-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. Piaute, Shoshone, Washo Indians, Carson School. FHL film 573867 (M595 roll 21) | |||
1885-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 '''Fort Hall''', Idaho. Shoshoni and Bannock Indians. FHL film 576493 (M595 roll 138) | |||
==== Treaties ==== | ==== Treaties ==== | ||
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. | During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, [[American Indian Treaties with the United States|click here]]. | ||
Treaties to which the Shoshone were a part | Treaties to which the Shoshone Indians were a part were: | ||
*1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty | *1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty | ||
*[ | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0848.htm 1863] July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone | ||
*[ | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0850.htm 1863] July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands | ||
*[ | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0851.htm 1863] October 1,at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshoni | ||
*[ | *[http://digital.library.okstate.edu/kappler/Vol2/treaties/sho0859.htm 1863] October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshoni-Goship | ||
*1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock | *1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock | ||
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Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "[[American Indian Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc.|Sanitary Record]] of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "[[American Indian Census Rolls|Indian Census Rolls]]." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
Some | Some vital records for the Shoshone Indians include: | ||
*Wind River Agency, M595, | *Wind River Agency, M595, | ||
Births and deaths 1938-39, | Births and deaths 1938-39, FHL Film: 583122 Births and deaths 1924-1932, FHL Film: 581878 <br> | ||
*Fort Hall Agency, M595, | *Fort Hall Agency, M595, | ||
Birth and deaths, | Birth and deaths, FHL Film: 576497 Births and deaths 1924-1934, FHL Film: 576498 and 576499 | ||
=== Reservations === | === Reservations === | ||
=== Important | === Important Web Sites === | ||
*[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/fthallcons.html Constitution and By-Laws] for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation Idaho. Approved April 30, 1936. | *[http://thorpe.ou.edu/IRA/fthallcons.html Constitution and By-Laws] for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation Idaho. Approved April 30, 1936. | ||
*[http://www.shoshonebannocktribes.com/ Shoshone-Bannock] Tribes Official Website | *[http://www.shoshonebannocktribes.com/ Shoshone-Bannock] Tribes Official Website | ||
*Bannock Tribe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannock_(tribe) Wikipedia] | *Bannock Tribe [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bannock_(tribe) Wikipedia] | ||
=== References === | === References === | ||
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*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. | *Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. | ||
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | *Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | ||
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{ | *Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}} | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
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*[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | *[http://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/075.html Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75], Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. | ||
*Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. | *Hodge, Frederick Webb. ''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico''. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/ Available online]. | ||
*Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{ | *Klein, Barry T., ed. ''Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian''. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317923332?referer=list_view WorldCat 317923332]; {{FHL|1122745|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 R259e}}. | ||
*Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{ | *Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no:037475188 WorldCat 37475188]; {{FHL|831087|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 G131g}}. | ||
:Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean | :Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean | ||
| Line 251: | Line 220: | ||
:Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | :Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands | ||
*Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . | *Sturtevant, William C. ''Handbook of North American Indians''. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– . <br> | ||
:Volume 1 -- Not yet published | |||
:Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/234303751&referer=brief_results WorldCat 234303751]<br> | |||
:Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/255572371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 255572371]<br> | |||
:Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/19331914&referer=brief_results WorldCat 19331914]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299653808&referer=brief_results WorldCat 299653808]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493742&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493742]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/247493311&referer=brief_results WorldCat 247493311]<br> | |||
:Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/13240086&referer=brief_results WorldCat 13240086]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/26140053&referer=brief_results WorldCat 26140053]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/301504096&referer=brief_results WorldCat 301504096]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10}}. | |||
:Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256516416&referer=brief_results WorldCat 256516416]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39401371&referer=brief_results WorldCat 39401371]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/48209643&referer=brief_results WorldCat 48209643]<br> | |||
:Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/254277176&referer=brief_results WorldCat 254277176] | |||
:Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/256517503&referer=brief_results WorldCat 356517503]; {{FHL|248632|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15}}.<br> | |||
:Volume 16 -- Not yet published | |||
:Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/43957746&referer=brief_results WorldCat 43957746]<br> | |||
:Volume 18 -- Not yet published | |||
:Volume 19 -- Not yet published | |||
:Volume 20 -- Not yet published | |||
*Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | *Swanton John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America''. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 [http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/indianlocation.htm Available online]. | ||
*Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{ | *Waldman, Carl. ''Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes''. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14718193?referer=list_view WorldCat 14718193]; {{FHL|1465222|title-id|disp=FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006}}. | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Idaho_Indian_Tribes]] | ||
Revision as of 13:26, 20 October 2015
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes
| Native American Topics | |
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| Beginning Research | |
| Tribes | |
| Record Types | |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | |
| Other Topics | |
To get started on American Indian Research
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| Population | |||||||||
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| Regions with significant populations | |||||||||
| Ancestral Homelands: west of Rocky Mountains and east of the Sierra Nevada. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah. Later a Western Shoshone group was recognized in 1982. Descendants: | |||||||||
| Status | |||||||||
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Federally recognized | |||||||||
| Linguistic Group | |||||||||
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Shoshonian; Shoshoni-Comanche | |||||||||
| Cultural Group | |||||||||
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not yet researched | |||||||||
| Other Related Ethnic Groups | |||||||||
|
Bannock |
Tribal Headquarters[edit | edit source]
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation
P.O. Box 306
Fort Hall, ID 83203-0306
Phone: 1.208.238.3700
Fax: 1.208.237.0797
- Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Official Website
Divisions: Hohandika, Shobarboobeer, Shohoaigadika, Slohosegadika (Hodge page 557)
Washaki's Band
They were often referred to as the Snakes. Some of the tribes, bands, or groups of Shoshone, with their colonies or reservations, include:
- Death Valley Shoshone -- see Timbisha Shoshone
- Duckwater Shoshone -- Duckwater Reservation (Nevada)
- Ely Shoshone Tribe of Nevada -- Ely Colony (Nevada)
- Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribes -- Fort McDermitt Reservation (Nevada and Oregon)
- Mountain Shoshone or Sheepeaters -- Fort Lemhi and Fort Hall Reservation(Idaho and Montana)
- Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation of Utah (Washakie)
- Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Bishop Colony (California)
- Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Fallon Reservation and Colony (Nevada)
- Paiute-Shoshone Indians -- Lone Pine Reservation (California)
- Ruby Valley Shoshone
- Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation -- Wind River Reservation (Wyoming)
- Shoshone-Bannock Tribes -- Fort Hall Reservation (Idaho)
- Shoshone-Paiute Tribes -- Duck Valley Reservation (Idaho and Nevada)
- Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone
- Battle Mountain Band -- Battle Mountain Colony (Nevada)
- Elko Band -- Elko Colony (Nevada)
- South Fork Band -- South Fork Reservation (Nevada)
- Wells Band -- Wells Colony (Nevada)
- Timbisha Shoshone Tribe
- Weiser (Eagle Eye's) Band
- Western Shoshone Reservation in Duck Valley on the Nevada-Idaho border.
- Yomba Western Shoshone Tribe -- Yomba Reservation (Nevada)
History[edit | edit source]
The ancestral homeland of the Shoshone was in the Mountain West. At an early point in history the tribe sub divided into:The Eastern Shoshone, Northern Shoshone and the Southern Shoshone. The Eastern Shoshone lived near Grand Teton and Wind River Mountains. The Northern Shoshone ranged through southern Idaho, eastern Oregon and northern Nevada. The Southern Shoshone lived in Nevada, Wyoming and Utah.
The tribes early contact with non-Indians included the Lewis and Clark Expedition, Jedediah Smith and fur traders and trappers at the Rocky Mountain rendezvous. The first rendezvous was promoted by Jedediah Smith in 1825. A prominent Shoshone: Sacajawea joined the Lewis and Clark Expedition-1803-06
In 1841 immigrants began moving to the west and northwest by way of the Oregon and California trails. Both of these trails cut through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes. Problems occurred as the resources of the area were drained by many immigrants going west. These trails provided a "highway" for over twenty years serving the forty-niners and silver seekers headed to California, Nevada and the northwest.
A military campaign of 300 soldiers led by Colonel Patrick Conner in January of 1863, killed 224 Indians this became known as the Bear river Massacre.
In 1863 four treaties were ratified, with the Eastern Shoshone, Shoshone-Northwestern Bands, Western Shoshoni and the the Shoshoni-Goship.
The Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad completed their lines and came together at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869.
1860-70 assigned to reservations
Brief Timeline[edit | edit source]
- 1782: Smallpox epidemic
- 1803-06: Lewis and Clark Expedition
- 1825: Jedediah Smith
- 1825: First Rocky Mountain rendezvous at Green River in Wyoming
- 1841-1869: The Oregon and California Trails both go right through the homeland of the Shoshoni and Bannock.
- 1847: Mormons settled in the Great Salt Lake valley
- 1849: Gold was discovered in California
- 1855: Treaty
- 1857: Comstock Lode - Silver in Nevada
- 1862: Colonel Patrick Conner founded Fort Douglas Salt Lake City
- 1863: January 29, Bear River Massacre, Campaign lead by Colonel Patrick Conner, 300 soldiers, 224 Indians killed; only 22 soldiers killed
- 1863: July, Treaty
- 1868: Treaty
- 1869: Union Pacific and Central Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Point, Utah
- 1860-1870: all Shoshone bands assigned to reservations
- 1870s lack of sufficient rations continuing problem at Fort Hall
- 1878: Bannock War
- 1878: a band - Sheepeaters, including Bannock and Shoshone Indians, were part of an uprising in the Salmon River Mountains of Idaho.
- 1880s: Railroad Rights-of-Way
- 1896: April 21, the Shoshone and Arapaho tribes signed an agreement for the sale of the Owl Creek or Big Horn Hot Spring. (Senate Doc. no. 247. 54th Congress 1st Session, pages 3-6)
- 1900: Population 1,766 Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online. page 557
- 1982: Western Shoshone federally recognized
Agencies[edit | edit source]
The following agencies of the Bureau of Indian Affairs had jurisdiction over the Shoshone for the time periods indicated. BIA agencies were responsible to keep such records as census rolls, allotment (land) records, annuity rolls, school records, correspondence, and other records of individual Indians under their jurisdiction. For details, see the page for the respective agency.
Shoshoni Agency
Records[edit | edit source]
The majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:
- Allotment records
- Annuity rolls
- Census records
- Correspondence
- Health records
- Reports
- School census and records
- Vital records
Records Available through the Family History Library[edit | edit source]
Census[edit | edit source]
1894 Census of the Bannock and Shoshone Indians of Fort Hall, Idaho. by Thomas Benton Teter. FHL Book Q970.1 Al#1 or FHL Film: 928110-928115
1885, 1890-1893, 1895-1899 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581873 (M595 roll 498)
1900-1911 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581874 (M595 roll 499)
1912-1918 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581875 (M595 roll 500)
1919-1925 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581876 (M595 roll 501)
1926-1929 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581877 (M595 roll 502
1930-1932 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho, Wind River Reservation. Births and Deaths - 1922, 1924-1931. FHL film 581878 (M595 roll 503)
1933-1937 Shoshoni Agency, Wyoming. Shoshoni and Arapaho Indians. FHL film 581879 (M595 roll 504)
1930-1931 Walker River Agency, Carson Nevada. Paiute, Monache, Shoshoni, and Washo Indians. FHL film 583090 (M595 roll 631)
1931-1932 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone. Death Roll, 1925-1931 and Birth roll, 1925-1931. FHL film 573865 (M595 roll 19)
1933-1936 Carson Agency, Nevada. Paiute, Shoshone, Washo, Carson School. FHL film 573866 (M595 roll 20)
1937-1939 Carson Agency, Nevada. Piaute, Shoshone, Washo Indians, Carson School. FHL film 573867 (M595 roll 21)
1885-1887;1890-1891;1894-1901 Fort Hall, Idaho. Shoshoni and Bannock Indians. FHL film 576493 (M595 roll 138)
Treaties[edit | edit source]
During the latter part of the 18th Century and most of the 19th Century, treaties were negotiated between the federal government and individual Indian tribes. The treaties provide helpful information about the history of the tribe, but usually only include the names of those persons who signed the treaty. For more information about treaties, click here.
Treaties to which the Shoshone Indians were a part were:
- 1855 June 9, referred to in Wallawalla Treaty
- 1863 July 2, at Fort Bridger, with Eastern Shoshone
- 1863 July 30, at Box Elder Shoshone-Northwestern Bands
- 1863 October 1,at Ruby Valley with Western Shoshoni
- 1863 October 12, at Tuilla Valley with Shoshoni-Goship
- 1868:at Fort Bridger Eastern Band Shoshoni and Bannock
Vital Records[edit | edit source]
Prior to the Indian Reorganization Act, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, through their agencies, may have recorded some vital events. Some were recorded on health forms, such as the "Sanitary Record of Sick, Injured, Births, Deaths, etc." Others were recorded as supplements to the "Indian Census Rolls." Some were included in the unindexed reports and other correspondence of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Some vital records for the Shoshone Indians include:
- Wind River Agency, M595,
Births and deaths 1938-39, FHL Film: 583122 Births and deaths 1924-1932, FHL Film: 581878
- Fort Hall Agency, M595,
Birth and deaths, FHL Film: 576497 Births and deaths 1924-1934, FHL Film: 576498 and 576499
Reservations[edit | edit source]
Important Web Sites[edit | edit source]
- Constitution and By-Laws for the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation Idaho. Approved April 30, 1936.
- Shoshone-Bannock Tribes Official Website
- Bannock Tribe Wikipedia
References[edit | edit source]
- Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
- Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
- Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat 14718193; FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives; Record Group 75, Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
- Hodge, Frederick Webb. Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1906 Available online.
- Klein, Barry T., ed. Reference Encyclopedia of the American Indian. Nyack, New York: Todd Publications, 2009. 10th ed. WorldCat 317923332; FHL book 970.1 R259e.
- Malinowski, Sharon and Sheets, Anna, eds. The Gale Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Detroit: Gale Publishing, 1998. 4 volumes. Includes: Lists of Federally Recognized Tribes for U.S., Alaska, and Canada – pp. 513-529 Alphabetical Listing of Tribes, with reference to volume and page in this series Map of “Historic Locations of U.S. Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Canadian Native Groups” Map of “Historic Locations of Mexican, Hawaiian and Caribbean Native Groups” Maps of “State and Federally Recognized U.S. Indian Reservations. WorldCat 37475188; FHL book 970.1 G131g.
- Vol. 1 -- Northeast, Southeast, Caribbean
- Vol. 2 -- Great Basin, Southwest, Middle America
- Vol. 3 -- Arctic, Subarctic, Great Plains, Plateau
- Vol. 4 -- California, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Islands
- Sturtevant, William C. Handbook of North American Indians. 20 vols., some not yet published. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978– .
- Volume 1 -- Not yet published
- Volume 2 -- Indians in Contemporary Society (pub. 2008) -- WorldCat 234303751
- Volume 3 -- Environment, Origins, and Population (pub. 2006) -- WorldCat 255572371
- Volume 4 -- History of Indian-White Relations (pub. 1988) -- WorldCat 19331914; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.4.
- Volume 5 -- Arctic (pub. 1984) -- WorldCat 299653808; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.5.
- Volume 6 -- Subarctic (pub. 1981) -- WorldCat 247493742; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.6.
- Volume 7 -- Northwest Coast (pub. 1990) -- WorldCat 247493311
- Volume 8 -- California (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 13240086; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.8.
- Volume 9 -- Southwest (pub. 1979) -- WorldCat 26140053; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.9.
- Volume 10 -- Southwest (pub. 1983) -- WorldCat 301504096; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.10.
- Volume 11 -- Great Basin (pub. 1986) -- WorldCat 256516416; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.11.
- Volume 12 -- Plateau (pub. 1998) -- WorldCat 39401371; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.12.
- Volume 13 -- Plains, 2 vols. (pub. 2001) -- WorldCat 48209643
- Volume 14 -- Southeast (pub. 2004) -- WorldCat 254277176
- Volume 15 -- Northwest (pub. 1978) -- WorldCat 356517503; FHL book 970.1 H191h v.15.
- Volume 16 -- Not yet published
- Volume 17 -- Languages (pub. 1996) -- WorldCat 43957746
- Volume 18 -- Not yet published
- Volume 19 -- Not yet published
- Volume 20 -- Not yet published
- Swanton John R. The Indian Tribes of North America. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin #145 Available online.
- Waldman, Carl. Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. New York, New York: Facts on File, 2006. 3rd ed. WorldCat 14718193; FHL book 970.1 W146e 2006.