Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path: Difference between revisions

From FamilySearch Wiki
VisualWikitext
m (Text replacement - " " to " ")
(16 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{breadcrumb
''[[United States Genealogy|United State[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[United States Migration Internal|Migratio[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Road[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn[[Category:Migration routes]]]  [[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]''
| link1=[[United States Genealogy|United States]]
| link2=[[United States Migration Internal|Migration]]  
| link3=[[US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads|U.S. Migration Trails and Roads]]  
| link4=
| link5=[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]]
}}
[[Image:Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path.png|border|right|380px]]


 
[[Image:Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path.png|border|right|380px]]The '''Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path''' connected the [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] colonial British military [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlott[[Category:Migration routes]] near the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_River Savannah Rive[[Category:Migration routes]] with several Indian trails, especially the [[Old Cherokee Path]] and the nearby Indian town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo[[Category:Migration routes]] just across the Savannah River in what is now [[Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]]. Fort Charlotte was built 1765-1767 to help protect European settlers from Indian raids. Fort Charlotte was near the place where the [[Middle Creek Trading Path]] crossed the Savannah River from [[Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]] into South Carolina. Several other trails also radiated out from this fort. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path was probably opened to European '''''traders''''' shortly after 1765. It was not fully open to '''''settlers''''' until the Cherokee were forced out during the American Revolutionary War. It began in [[McCormick County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] and ended in [[Oconee County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]]. The length of the trail was about 70 miles (113 km).<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref>  
The '''Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path''' connected the [[South Carolina, United States Genealogy|South Carolina]] colonial British military [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] near the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_River Savannah River] with several Indian trails, especially the [[Old Cherokee Path]] and the nearby Indian town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] just across the Savannah River in what is now [[Georgia, United States Genealogy|Georgia]]. Fort Charlotte was built 1765-1767 to help protect European settlers from Indian raids. Fort Charlotte was near the place where the [[Middle Creek Trading Path]] crossed the Savannah River from [[Georgia, United States Genealogy|Georgia]] into South Carolina. Several other trails also radiated out from this fort. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path was probably opened to European '''''traders''''' shortly after 1765. It was not fully open to '''''settlers''''' until the Cherokee were forced out during the American Revolutionary War. It began in [[McCormick County, South Carolina]] and ended in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]]. The length of the trail was about 70 miles (113 km).<ref name="HBG">''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. ({{FSC|1049485|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 D27e 2002}}). [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.]</ref>  


=== Historical Background  ===
=== Historical Background  ===


Scots-Irish (that is Ulster-Irish), French Huguenots, and German farmers began settling the area near what would become Fort Charlotte in the 1750s. Some of these early colonists near Long Cane Creek were killed by Cherokee Indians in 1760.<ref>[https://sclends.lib.sc.us/eg/opac/record/326541?locg=1;detail_record_view=0;query=mccormick%20county "McCormick County"] in ''South Carolina State Library'' (accessed 24 March 2011).</ref> As a result, the British military constructed Fort Charlotte between 1765 and 1767 to help protect local colonists from hostile Indians. The fort was then turned over to South Carolina. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path probably followed older Indian trails. Fort Charlotte was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in South Carolina and Georgia.  
Scots-Irish (that is Ulster-Irish), French Huguenots, and German farmers began settling the area near what would become Fort Charlotte in the 1750s. Some of these early colonists near Long Cane Creek were killed by Cherokee Indians in 1760.<ref>"McCormick County" in ''South Carolina State Library'' at http://www.statelibrary.sc.gov/mccormick-county (accessed 24 March 2011).</ref> As a result, the British military constructed Fort Charlotte between 1765 and 1767 to help protect local colonists from hostile Indians. The fort was then turned over to South Carolina. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path probably followed older Indian trails. Fort Charlotte was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in South Carolina and Georgia.  


The north end of the [[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] was in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]] at the convergence of several Indian trails and settler roads mostly leading to the lower [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee Indian]] village of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] across the Savannah River in [[Stephens County, Georgia]]. Tugaloo was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in Georgia and South Carolina. The Cherokee Indians were forced to abandon Tugaloo during the American Revolution. The [[Old Cherokee Path]] seems to have begun in Tugaloo, crossed the river into South Carolina, and worked its way north up to [[Watauga County, North Carolina]], through [[Johnson County, Tennessee]], and [[Washington County, Virginia]]. There it connected to the [[Great Indian Warpath]] or [[Great Valley Road]] as it was called in that area.  
The north end of the [[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] was in [[Oconee County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] at the convergence of several Indian trails and settler roads mostly leading to the lower [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee India[[Category:Migration routes]]] village of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo[[Category:Migration routes]] across the Savannah River in [[Stephens County, Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]]. Tugaloo was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in Georgia and South Carolina. The Cherokee Indians were forced to abandon Tugaloo during the American Revolution. The [[Old Cherokee Path]] seems to have begun in Tugaloo, crossed the river into South Carolina, and worked its way north up to [[Watauga County, North Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]], through [[Johnson County, Tennesse[[Category:Migration routes]]], and [[Washington County, Virgini[[Category:Migration routes]]]. There it connected to the [[Great Indian Warpath]] or [[Great Valley Road]] as it was called in that area.  


As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway.
As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway.  


=== Route  ===
=== Route  ===
Line 23: Line 15:
The first European colonists settled in counties along this trail (south to north) as follows:<ref>South Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/sc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 5 April 2011).</ref>  
The first European colonists settled in counties along this trail (south to north) as follows:<ref>South Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/sc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 5 April 2011).</ref>  


:*[[McCormick County, South Carolina]] 1750s by Scots-Irish  
:*[[McCormick County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] 1750s by Scots-Irish  
:*[[Abbeville County, South Carolina]] 1750 by French [[Huguenot Church in the United States|Huguenots]]  
:*[[Abbeville County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] 1750 by French [[Huguenot Church in the United States|Huguenot[[Category:Migration routes]]]  
:*[[Anderson County, South Carolina]] 1777 by Scots-Irish, and Revolutionary War Veterans  
:*[[Anderson County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] 1777 by Scots-Irish, and Revolutionary War Veterans  
:*[[Oconee County, South Carolina]] 1784 by Germans, and Revolutionary War Veterans  
:*[[Oconee County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] 1784 by Germans, and Revolutionary War Veterans  
:*[[Stephens County, Georgia]] about 1777 by Revolutionary War Veterans
:*[[Stephens County, Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]] about 1777 by Revolutionary War Veterans


'''Connecting trails.''' The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path links to other trails at each end. The migration pathways connecting in Fort Charlotte, McCormick, South Carolina included:<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FSC|1049485|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FSC|54678|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref>  
'''Connecting trails.''' The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path links to other trails at each end. The migration pathways connecting in Fort Charlotte, McCormick, South Carolina included:<ref>''Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed.'' (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. ({{FHL|1049485|item|disp=FHL Book 973 D27e 2002}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50140092 WorldCat entry.], and William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].</ref>  


:*Savannah River pre-historic  
:*Savannah River pre-historic  
Line 37: Line 29:
:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] shortly after 1765
:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] shortly after 1765


The migration routes connecting in [[Oconee County, South Carolina]], or in Tugaloo, Stephens, Georgia included:  
The migration routes connecting in [[Oconee County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]], or in Tugaloo, Stephens, Georgia included:  


:*Savannah River  
:*Savannah River  
:*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolina]])  
:*[[Lower Cherokee Traders' Path]] a pre-historic trail connecting the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Village[[Category:Migration routes]] to the Catawba Indians ([[Charlotte, North Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]])  
:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Villages] to [[Washington County, Virginia]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]])  
:*[[Old Cherokee Path]] a pre-historic trail from the [http://sciway3.net/scgenweb/pickens-county/images/sheriff-01.pdf Lower Cherokee Village[[Category:Migration routes]] to [[Washington County, Virgini[[Category:Migration routes]]] on the [[Great Valley Road]] (also known as the [[Great Indian Warpath]])  
:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabama]]  
:*[[Coosa-Tugaloo Indian Warpath]] was a pre-historic path that went toward [[Birmingham, Alabam[[Category:Migration routes]]]  
:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalachee]  
:*[[Tugaloo-Apalachee Bay Trail]] was a pre-historic trail headed for the Florida panhandle and probably [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Luis_de_Apalachee Mission San Luis de Apalache[[Category:Migration routes]]  
:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolina] and later [[Richmond County, Georgia Genealogy|Augusta, Georgia]]  
:*[[Augusta and Cherokee Trail]] was a pre-historic trail from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo[[Category:Migration routes]] originally to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_Town,_South_Carolina Savannah Town, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]] and later [[Augusta, Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]]  
:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince George], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbia]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolina]].  
:*[[Old South Carolina State Road|Old South Carolina State Road]] 1747 a fork of this road apparently connected [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo[[Category:Migration routes]], Georgia to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Prince_George_(South_Carolina) Fort Prince Georg[[Category:Migration routes]], to [[Columbia, South Carolina|Columbi[[Category:Migration routes]]] and to [[Charleston, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]].  
:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee County]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlotte] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolina]]  
:*[[Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path|Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path]] after 1765 followed the northeast side of the Savannah River from the [[Old Cherokee Path]] in [[Oconee County, South Carolina|Oconee Count[[Category:Migration routes]]] down to old [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Charlotte_(South_Carolina) Fort Charlott[[Category:Migration routes]] in northwest [[McCormick County, South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]]  
:*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virginia]] to [[Macon, Georgia]]  
:*[[Upper Road]] about 1783 (overlapping the Lower Cherokee Traders' Path) connecting [[Fredericksburg, Virgini[[Category:Migration routes]]] to [[Macon, Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]]  
:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpike]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1795 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugaloo] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee villages] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxville] in [[Tennessee, United States Genealogy|Tennessee]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FSC|54678|item|disp=FS Library Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entry].</ref>
:*[[Unicoi Trail|Unicoi Turnpik[[Category:Migration routes]]] opened to a few European traders 1690, but the wagon road was not opened to settlers until 1795 from near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo[[Category:Migration routes]] headed northwest to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhill_Cherokee Overhill Cherokee village[[Category:Migration routes]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoxville,_Tennessee Knoxvill[[Category:Migration routes]] in [[Tennessee Genealogy|Tennesse[[Category:Migration routes]]]<ref>Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).</ref><ref>William E. Myer, ''Indian Trails of the Southeast''. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). ({{FHL|54678|item|disp=FHL Book 970.1 M992i}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].</ref>


'''Modern parallels.''' The modern roads that roughly match the old Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path start in Mount Carmel. Go north on SC-81 to a little north of Iva where it forks left onto Good Hope Church Road. Follow that road onto SC-187/SC-24. Continue to follow SC-24 and it will eventually become the West Oak Highway. Follow it north to Westminster and the Toccoa Highway. That Highway will take you southwest to the Savannah River near where the old village of Tugaloo was at the confluence of Toccoa Creek and the Tugaloo River.
'''Modern parallels.''' The modern roads that roughly match the old Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path start in Mount Carmel. Go north on SC-81 to a little north of Iva where it forks left onto Good Hope Church Road. Follow that road onto SC-187/SC-24. Continue to follow SC-24 and it will eventually become the West Oak Highway. Follow it north to Westminster and the Toccoa Highway. That Highway will take you southwest to the Savannah River near where the old village of Tugaloo was at the confluence of Toccoa Creek and the Tugaloo River.
Line 58: Line 50:
No complete list of settlers who used the '''Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path''' is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived after 1765 and who were candidates to have traveled the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path from the Fort Charlotte area.  
No complete list of settlers who used the '''Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path''' is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived after 1765 and who were candidates to have traveled the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path from the Fort Charlotte area.  


For partial lists of early settlers who '''''may''''' have used the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path, see histories like:  
For partial lists of early settlers who '''''may&nbsp;''''' have used the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path, see histories like:  


'''''in McCormick County, SC:'''''  
'''''in McCormick County, SC:'''''  


*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Huguenots of New Bordeaux'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 2005) (({{FSC|1317791|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.736 F2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63189507 WorldCat entry].  
*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Huguenots of New Bordeaux'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 2005) (({{FHL|1317791|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 F2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/63189507 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].  
*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Making of McCormick County [South Carolina]'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 1999) ({{FSC|834738|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.736 H2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42047218 WorldCat entry].  
*Bobby F. Edmonds, ''The Making of McCormick County [South Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]'' (McCormick, SC: Cedar Hill, 1999) ({{FHL|834738|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 H2e}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42047218 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].  
*[Willie Mae Wood], ''Old Families of McCormick County, South Carolina and Dorn families of Edgefield, Greenwood and McCormick counties'' ([S.l. : s.n.], 1982) ({{FSC|634329|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.736 D2w; Film 2056008 Item 2-3}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21493707 WorldCat entry].
*[Willie Mae Wood], ''Old Families of McCormick County, South Carolina and Dorn families of Edgefield, Greenwood and McCormick counties'' ([S.l.&nbsp;: s.n.], 1982) ({{FHL|634329|item|disp=FHL Book 975.736 D2w; Film 2056008 Item 2-3}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21493707 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].


'''''in Abbeville County, SC:'''''  
'''''in Abbeville County, SC:'''''  


*Ninety-six District (South Carolina), District Surveyor, ''Plat books, 1784-1803'' ([Charleston, S.C.]: S.C. Dept. of Archives and History, 1973) ({{FSC|381692|item|disp=on 4 FS Library Films 1023684-87}}). No circulation to FamilySearch centers.
*Ninety-six District (South Carolina), District Surveyor, ''Plat books, 1784-1803'' ([Charleston, S.C.]: S.C. Dept. of Archives and History, 1973) ({{FHL|381692|item|disp=on 4 FHL Films 1023684-87}}). No circulation to family history centers.


'''''in Anderson County, SC:'''''  
'''''in Anderson County, SC:'''''  


*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FSC|397544|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entry]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."
*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FHL|397544|item|disp=FHL Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."


'''''in Oconee County, SC:'''''  
'''''in Oconee County, SC:'''''  


*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FSC|397544|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entry]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."
*Frederick Van Clayton, ''Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800'' (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) ({{FHL|397544|item|disp=FHL Book 975.72 W2c}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]]. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."


'''''in Stephens County, GA:'''''  
'''''in Stephens County, GA:'''''  


*Katheryn Curtis Trogdon, ''History of Stephens County, Georgia'' (Toccoa, Ga.: Toccoa Womans Club, [c1973]). ({{FSC|160782|item|disp=FS Library Book 975.813 H2t}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/623349 WorldCat entry].
*Katheryn Curtis Trogdon, ''History of Stephens County, Georgia'' (Toccoa, Ga.: Toccoa Womans Club, [c1973]). ({{FHL|160782|item|disp=FHL Book 975.813 H2t}}) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/623349 WorldCat entr[[Category:Migration routes]].


=== External Links  ===
=== External Links  ===
Line 89: Line 81:
=== Wiki Pages ===
=== Wiki Pages ===


*Many of the [[US Migration Trails and Roads]]
*Many of the [[US Migration Trails and Road[[Category:Migration routes]]]


=== Sources  ===
=== Sources  ===
Line 95: Line 87:
{{reflist}} {{Georgia|Georgia}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}  
{{reflist}} {{Georgia|Georgia}}{{South Carolina|South Carolina}}  
<div></div>  
<div></div>  
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:South Carolina Migration Routes]] [[Category:McCormick_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Abbeville_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Anderson_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Oconee_County,_South_Carolina]] [[Category:Georgia (state) Migration Routes]] [[Category:Stephens_County,_Georgia]]
[[Category:Migration_Route[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Road[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:South_Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:McCormick_County,_South_Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:Abbeville_County,_South_Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:Anderson_County,_South_Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:Oconee_County,_South_Carolin[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]] [[Category:Stephens_County,_Georgi[[Category:Migration routes]]]

Revision as of 21:43, 6 October 2015

[[United States Genealogy|United State]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn]  [[United States Migration Internal|Migratio]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn]  [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Road]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn]  [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin]  [[Image:Gotoarrow.pn]  Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path

Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path.png

The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path connected the [[South Carolina Genealogy|South Carolin] colonial British military Fort Charlott near the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savannah_River Savannah Rive with several Indian trails, especially the Old Cherokee Path and the nearby Indian town of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugaloo Tugalo just across the Savannah River in what is now [[Georgi. Fort Charlotte was built 1765-1767 to help protect European settlers from Indian raids. Fort Charlotte was near the place where the Middle Creek Trading Path crossed the Savannah River from [[Georgi] into South Carolina. Several other trails also radiated out from this fort. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path was probably opened to European traders shortly after 1765. It was not fully open to settlers until the Cherokee were forced out during the American Revolutionary War. It began in [[McCormick County, South Carolin] and ended in [[Oconee County, South Carolin]. The length of the trail was about 70 miles (113 km).[1]

Historical Background[edit | edit source]

Scots-Irish (that is Ulster-Irish), French Huguenots, and German farmers began settling the area near what would become Fort Charlotte in the 1750s. Some of these early colonists near Long Cane Creek were killed by Cherokee Indians in 1760.[2] As a result, the British military constructed Fort Charlotte between 1765 and 1767 to help protect local colonists from hostile Indians. The fort was then turned over to South Carolina. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path probably followed older Indian trails. Fort Charlotte was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in South Carolina and Georgia.

The north end of the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path was in [[Oconee County, South Carolin] at the convergence of several Indian trails and settler roads mostly leading to the lower [[Cherokee Indians|Cherokee India] village of Tugalo across the Savannah River in [[Stephens County, Georgi. Tugaloo was built at or became the nexus of several trails along the Savannah River in Georgia and South Carolina. The Cherokee Indians were forced to abandon Tugaloo during the American Revolution. The Old Cherokee Path seems to have begun in Tugaloo, crossed the river into South Carolina, and worked its way north up to [[Watauga County, North Carolin], through [[Johnson County, Tennesse], and [[Washington County, Virgini]. There it connected to the Great Indian Warpath or Great Valley Road as it was called in that area.

As roads developed in America settlers were attracted to nearby communities because the roads provided access to markets. They could sell their products at distant markets, and buy products made far away. If an ancestor settled near a road, you may be able to trace back to a place of origin on a connecting highway.

Route[edit | edit source]

The first European colonists settled in counties along this trail (south to north) as follows:[3]

  • [[McCormick County, South Carolin] 1750s by Scots-Irish
  • [[Abbeville County, South Carolin] 1750 by French [[Huguenot Church in the United States|Huguenot]
  • [[Anderson County, South Carolin] 1777 by Scots-Irish, and Revolutionary War Veterans
  • [[Oconee County, South Carolin] 1784 by Germans, and Revolutionary War Veterans
  • [[Stephens County, Georgi] about 1777 by Revolutionary War Veterans

Connecting trails. The Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path links to other trails at each end. The migration pathways connecting in Fort Charlotte, McCormick, South Carolina included:[4]

The migration routes connecting in [[Oconee County, South Carolin], or in Tugaloo, Stephens, Georgia included:

Modern parallels. The modern roads that roughly match the old Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path start in Mount Carmel. Go north on SC-81 to a little north of Iva where it forks left onto Good Hope Church Road. Follow that road onto SC-187/SC-24. Continue to follow SC-24 and it will eventually become the West Oak Highway. Follow it north to Westminster and the Toccoa Highway. That Highway will take you southwest to the Savannah River near where the old village of Tugaloo was at the confluence of Toccoa Creek and the Tugaloo River.

Settlers and Records[edit | edit source]

The first colonists in the two southern counties along what became the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path arrived before the fort or trail existed, usually by way of the Savannah River, the Middle Creek Trading Path, or the Augusta and Cherokee Trail. The northern three counties were Cherokee Indian areas until the American Revolution when the Cherokees were expelled as a result of siding with the British.

No complete list of settlers who used the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path is known to exist. Nevertheless, local and county histories along that trail may reveal pioneer settlers who arrived after 1765 and who were candidates to have traveled the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path from the Fort Charlotte area.

For partial lists of early settlers who may  have used the Fort Charlotte and Cherokee Old Path, see histories like:

in McCormick County, SC:

in Abbeville County, SC:

  • Ninety-six District (South Carolina), District Surveyor, Plat books, 1784-1803 ([Charleston, S.C.]: S.C. Dept. of Archives and History, 1973) (on 4 FHL Films 1023684-87). No circulation to family history centers.

in Anderson County, SC:

  • Frederick Van Clayton, Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800 (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) (FHL Book 975.72 W2c) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entr. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."

in Oconee County, SC:

  • Frederick Van Clayton, Settlement of Pendleton District, 1777-1800 (Easley, S.C.: Southern Historical Press, c1988) (FHL Book 975.72 W2c) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18802872 WorldCat entr. The old Pendleton District embraced the present counties of Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens. Includes plats and their owners taken from the "State Record of Plat Books."

in Stephens County, GA:

External Links[edit | edit source]

Wiki Pages[edit | edit source]

  • Many of the [[US Migration Trails and Road]

Sources[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 849. (FHL Book 973 D27e 2002). WorldCat entry.
  2. ↑ "McCormick County" in South Carolina State Library at http://www.statelibrary.sc.gov/mccormick-county (accessed 24 March 2011).
  3. ↑ South Carolina - The Counties, http://www.carolana.com/SC/Counties/sc_counties_alphabetical_order.html (accessed 5 April 2011).
  4. ↑ Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), 847-61. (FHL Book 973 D27e 2002) WorldCat entry., and William E. Myer, Indian Trails of the Southeast. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971), 12-14, and the book's pocket map "The Trail System of the Southeastern United States in the early Colonial Period" (1923). (FHL Book 970.1 M992i) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entr.
  5. ↑ Lowell Kirk, "The Unicoi Turnpike" at http://www.telliquah.com/unicoi.htm (accessed 3 May 2011).
  6. ↑ William E. Myer, Indian Trails of the Southeast. (Nashville, Tenn.: Blue and Gray Press, 1971). (FHL Book 970.1 M992i) [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1523234 WorldCat entr.
v • d• e
Links to Georgia (state)-related articles
Topics
Counties
Appling · Atkinson · Bacon · Baker · Baldwin · Banks · Barrow · Bartow · Ben Hill · Berrien · Bibb · Bleckley · Brantley · Brooks · Bryan · Bulloch · Burke · Butts · Calhoun · Camden · Candler · Carroll · Catoosa · Charlton · Chatham · Chattahoochee · Chattooga · Cherokee · Clarke · Clay · Clayton · Clinch · Cobb · Coffee · Colquitt · Columbia · Cook · Coweta · Crawford · Crisp · Dade · Dawson · Decatur · DeKalb · Dodge · Dooly · Dougherty · Douglas · Early · Echols · Effingham · Elbert · Emanuel · Evans · Fannin · Fayette · Floyd · Forsyth · Franklin · Fulton · Gilmer · Glascock · Glynn · Gordon · Grady · Greene · Gwinnett · Habersham · Hall · Hancock · Haralson · Harris · Hart · Heard · Henry · Houston · Irwin · Jackson · Jasper · Jeff Davis · Jefferson · Jenkins · Johnson · Jones · Lamar · Lanier · Laurens · Lee · Liberty · Lincoln · Long · Lowndes · Lumpkin · Macon · Madison · Marion · McDuffie · McIntosh · Meriwether · Miller · Mitchell · Monroe · Montgomery · Morgan · Murray · Muscogee · Newton · Oconee · Oglethorpe · Paulding · Peach · Pickens · Pierce · Pike · Polk · Pulaski · Putnam · Quitman · Rabun · Randolph · Richmond · Rockdale · Schley · Screven · Seminole · Spalding · Stephens · Stewart · Sumter · Talbot · Taliaferro · Tattnall · Taylor · Telfair · Terrell · Thomas · Tift · Toombs · Towns · Treutlen · Troup · Turner · Twiggs · Union · Upson · Walker · Walton · Ware · Warren · Washington · Wayne · Webster · Wheeler · White · Whitfield · Wilcox · Wilkes · Wilkinson · Worth
Extinct Co.
Colonial
Parishes
Major
Repositories
Migration
Routes
v • d• e
Links to South Carolina-related articles
Topics
Counties
Extinct
Counties
Overarching
Districts
Districts
that became
Counties
1800–1868
Colonial
Parishes
Colonial
Townships
Major
Repositories
South Carolina Dept. of Archives and History · South Carolina State Library · South Carolina Historical Society · Episcopal Diocese of South Carolina Archives · Camden Archives and Museum · Charleston County Public Library · Charleston Library Society · Darlington County Historical Commission · Greenville County Library System Hughes Main Library · Orangeburg County Historical Society Library · South Carolina Genealogical Society · South Caroliniana Library · Sumter County Genealogical Center · Dallas Public Central Library · Chattanooga Public Library Downtown · National Archives at Atlanta · Santa Cruz Public Library Downtown
Migration
Routes

[[Category:Migration_Route] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Road] [[Category:South_Carolin] [[Category:McCormick_County,_South_Carolin] [[Category:Abbeville_County,_South_Carolin] [[Category:Anderson_County,_South_Carolin] [[Category:Oconee_County,_South_Carolin] [[Category:Georgi] [[Category:Stephens_County,_Georgi]

Retrieved from "https://integration-ru.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Fort_Charlotte_and_Cherokee_Old_Path&oldid=2300352"