Russian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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This list contains Russian word with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary. A version of the [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/8/86/Russian_Word_List.pdf Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF] is also available.
The Russian Genealogical Word List contains Russian words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Russian ancestors. A version of the&nbsp; [https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/images/8/86/Russian_Word_List.pdf Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF] is also available. &nbsp;If a word is not found in this list, consult a Russian-English dictionary.  
 
To best make use of the genealogical word list, please read [[Russia Languages]],
 
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. Who—Whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives only the basic forms of each Russian word, which usually also means the masculine. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all word vary with usage, including names of people and places. It is important to recognize when a name is written in a different form and to not misinterpret it as another name.  
 
===Alphabetical Order===
 
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пп Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя


No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы.
=== Alphabetical Order  ===


Prior to 1918, when the current Russian spelling reforms were instituted, the alphabet included letters no longer used. These were updated and changed. These letters include:
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|з
|Changed to (in certain positions)
|c
|-
|i
|Changed to
|и
|-
|ъ
|No longer used at the end of masculine words
|
|-
|ѣ
|Changed to
|e
|-
|θ
|Changed to
|ф
|-
|v
|Changed to
|и
|}


===Transliteration Aid===
No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь).<br>


Transliteration is a conversion of text from one script to another. For example, the Russian word бракосочетание in Cyrillic script would be transliterated to “brakosochetanie” the English Romanized script. 
=== Transliteration Aid  ===
 
бракосочетание --> brakosochetanie
 
There are different transliteration systems for the same language, so not all transliterations will be the same. Here is an automatic online transliterator that is very helpful.


[http://stevemorse.org/russian/rus2eng.html Transliterating Russian to English in One Step], online automatic transliterator by Steve Morse.  
[http://stevemorse.org/russian/rus2eng.html Transliterating Russian to English in One Step], online automatic transliterator by Steve Morse.  


Transliteration allows us to pronounce and recognize words in scripts we are not familiar with. It can also help us turn a place name on an English document into a real Russian place name, as you can also transliterate from English to Russian.
=== Online Dictionaries ===
 
===Other Word Lists===
*[[Media:Russian Word List.pdf|FamilySearch Library Word List]]
*[http://www.doukhobor.org/names.html#Terms Doukhobor Genealogy] (under "Russian Terms." These are all transliterated and there is no Cyrillic)
*[https://www.lexiconbridge.com/ Cornell Lexicon Bridge] (a resource from Cornell University)
 
===Online Dictionaries===
 
*[http://gramota.ru/slovari/info/ Gramota] (online Russian dictionary in Russian)
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/ Cambridge English-Russian Dictionary]
*[https://www.dict.com/russian-english Dict.com Russian-English Dictionary]
*[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь
!падеж (case)
!ед. ч. (singular)
!мн. ч (plural)
|-
|Им.(nominative)
|
|
|-
|Р. (genitive)
|
|
|-
|Д. (dative)
|
|
|-
|В. (accusative)
|
|
|-
|Тв. (instrumental)
|
|
|-
|Пр. (prepositional)
|
|
|}
 
=== Variant forms of words ===
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. ''Who—Whose—whom,'' or ''marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.


==== Gender ====
[http://learningrussian.net/dictionary/index.php English&nbsp;» Russian Dictionary] at Learning Russian.Net
Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', or '''neuter'''. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word.


Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the '''masculine''' form is given.
=== Months of the Year  ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!masculine
!feminine
!neuter
!found in word list as
|-
|старый
|старая
|старое
|старый (old)
|-
|глухой
|глухая
| -
|глухой (deaf)
|}


==== Plurals ====
{| width="100%" border="1"
Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!singular
!plural
!translation
|-
|отец
|отцы
|father/fathers
|-
|муж
|мужья
|husband/husbands
|-
|жена
|жены
|wife/wives
|-
|-
|книга
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|книги
| width="25%" | '''Pronunciation'''
|book/books
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|место
| январь
|местa
| yeen-VAHR'
|place/places
| January
|}
 
==== Noun declensions ====
The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others.
 
Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Noun
!Use
!Translation
|-
|-
|город
| февраль
 
| fee-VRAHL'  
города
| February
 
городе
|'''город'''
 
мер '''города'''
 
Я жул в '''городе'''
|City
 
Mayor of the city
 
I lived in the city
|-
|сын
 
сына
 
сыну
 
сыном
|'''сын'''
 
я крестил '''сына'''
 
я дал '''сыну'''
 
я ушёл с '''сыном'''
|Son
 
I christened the son
 
I gave to the son
 
I left with the son
|-
|-
|жена
| март
 
| mahrt
жены
| March
 
жену
 
жене
 
женой
 
жене
|'''жена'''
 
дом '''жены'''
 
я видел '''жену'''
 
я дал '''жене'''
 
я ушёл ц '''женой'''
 
я думал о '''жене'''
|Wife
 
Home of the wife
 
I saw the wife
 
I gave to the wife
 
I left with the wife
 
I thought about the wife
|}
The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian.
 
==== Given names ====
An important note is that it is essential to recognize when a name is written in a different form, and to avoid misinterpreting it as another name. For example, “the child of Ivan” would be “ребенок ивана.” That only means that “иван” is in a different case. It does NOT mean that is a feminine form of the name, that his name is different, that he has variant names, or that “ивана” is a different person than “иван.”
 
==== Verbs ====
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who and how many are doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. The variation for verbs is called “conjugation.” For example, the Russian word жить (to live) will appear with various endings. Note that most but not all verbs follow this pattern:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Russian conjugation
!English conjugation
|-
|-
|я '''живу'''
| апрель
|I live
| ah-PRYEHL'  
| April
|-
|-
|ты '''живёшь'''
| май
|you live (informal)
| mahy
| May
|-
|-
|он/она/кто '''живёт'''
| июнь
|he/she/who lives
| ee-YOON'  
| June
|-
|-
|мы '''живём'''
| июль
|we live
| ee-YOOL'  
| July
|-
|-
|вы '''живёте'''
| август
|you live (formal)
| AHV-goost
| August
|-
|-
|они '''живут'''
| сентябрь
|they live
| seen-TYAHBR'  
| September
|-
|-
|она '''жил'''
| октябрь
|he lived
| ahk-TYAHBR'  
| October
|-
|-
|она '''жила'''
| ноябрь
|she lived
| nah-YAHBR'  
| November
|-
|-
|они '''жили'''
| декабрь
|they lived
| dee-KAHBR'  
| December
|}
|}


===Names and Places===
=== Cardinal Numbers  ===
For words not typically found in dictionaries (place names and given/family names) try using the following resources:
 
'''Places:'''
 
[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9 List of Gubernia in the Russian Empire]
 
[[Russia Gazetteers]]
 
[http://www.google.com Google]
 
'''Russian Names:'''
 
*[https://gufo.me/dict/surnames_ru Словарь русских фамилий (Dictionary of Russian Surnames)]
 
*[https://pomnirod.ru/assets/files/knigi/slovar-russ_imen_petrovski_1966.pdf Словарь Русских Личных Имен (Dictionary of Russian Given Names)]
 
*[https://azbyka.ru/deti/slovar-spravochnik-russkikh-lichnykh-imen-ilya-melnikov Словарь-справочник русских личных имен (Dictionary/Handbook of Russian Given Names)]
 
*[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 French, German and Russian Name Dictionary]
 
'''Polish Names Written in Russian:'''


Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into Polish.
{| width="100%" border="1"
 
*[http://herby.com.pl/ Slownik Nazwisk (Dictionary of Surnames)] to learn how to use this website, see the instructions [https://jri-poland.org/slownik.htm here].
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Polish Given Names with Dimunitives and English Equivalents]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_male_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_female_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_feminine_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
'''German Names Written in Russian:'''
 
[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into German.
 
*[https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf SGGEE handout], see page 7
*[https://volga.domains.unf.edu/surnames Germans from Russia Surnames (particularly the Volga Region)]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_male_given_names Male German Names Wiktionary]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_given_names#List_of_female_given_names Female German Names Wiktionary]
*[http://www.namenforschung.net/en/dfd/dictionary/list/ Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany]
 
===Months of the Year===
For months of the year in Cyrillic handwriting, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Images/months_script.jpg SGGEE handout, '''"Examples of how the months are handwritten"''']
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Russian (nominative)!!Russian (Genitive)!!English
|-
|-
|январь, Iенварь||января||January
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
| '''Transliteration [pronunciation] / English'''
|-
|-
|февраль||февраля||February
| один
| odin [ah-DEEN] / one
|-
|-
|март||марта||March
| два
| dva [dvah] / two
|-
|-
|апрель||апреля||April
| три
| tri [tree] / three
|-
|-
|май||мая||May
| четыре
| chetyre [che-TYH-ree] / four
|-
|-
|июнь||июня||June
| пять
| pyat' [pyat'] / five
|-
|-
|июль||июля||July
| шесть
| shest' [shehst'] / six
|-
|-
|август||августа||August
| семь
| sem' [syehm] / seven
|-
|-
|сентябрь||сентября||September
| восемь
| vosem' [VOH-seem] / eight
|-
|-
|октябрь||октября||October
| девять
| devyat' [DYEH-vit'] / nine
|-
|-
|ноябрь||ноября||November
| десять
| desyat' [DYEH-sit'] / ten
|-
|-
|декабрь||декабря||December
| одиннадцать
|}
| odinnadtsat' [ah-dee-nat-sat'] / eleven
 
===Cardinal Numbers===
For numbers in cursive, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf '''SGGEE Cyrillic Handouts.pdf.''']
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| двенадцать
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| dvenadtsat' [dvi-nat-sat'] / twelve
|-
|-
|один
| тринадцать
|one
| trinadtsat' [tree-nat-sat'] / thirteen
|-
|-
|два
| четырнадцать
|two
| chetyrnadtsat' [chye-tir-nat-sat'] / fourteen
|-
|-
|три
| пятнадцать
|three
| pyatnadtsat' [pyat-nat-sat'] / fifteen
|-
|-
|четыре
| шестнадцать
|four
| shestnadtsat' [shes-nat-sat'] / sixteen
|-
|-
|пять
| семнадцать
|five
| semnadtsat' [sim-nat-sat'] / seventeen
|-
|-
|шесть
| восемнадцать
|six
| vosemnadtsat' [vahsim-nat-sat'] / eighteen
|-
|-
|семь
| девятнадцать
|seven
| devyatnadtsat' [divit-nat-sat'] / nineteen
|-
|-
|восемь
| двадцать
|eight
| dvadtsat' [dvat-sat'] / twenty
|-
|-
|девять
| тридцать
|nine
| tridtsat' [treet-sat'] / thirty
|-
|-
|десять
| сорок
|ten
| sorok [soh-rahk] / forty
|-
|-
|одиннадцать
| пятьдесят
|eleven
| pyat'desyat [pit-dee-syat] / fifty
|-
|-
|двенадцать
| шестьдесят
|twelve
| shest'desyat [shes-dee-syat] / sixty
|-
|-
|тринадцать
| семьдесят
|thirteen
| sem'desyat [syem-dee-syat] / seventy
|-
|-
|четырнадцать
| восемьдесят
|fourteen
| vosem'desyat [voh-sim-dee-syat] / eighty
|-
|-
|пятнадцать
| девяносто
|fifteen
| devyanosto [di-vee-nohs-tah] / ninety
|-
|-
|шестнадцать
| сто
|sixteen
| sto [stoh] / one hundred
|-
|-
|семнадцать
| двести
|seventeen
| dvesti [dvyes-tee] / two hundred
|-
|-
|восемнадцать
| триста
|eighteen
| trista [tree-stah] / three hundred
|-
|-
|девятнадцать
| четыреста
|nineteen
| chetyresta [chye-ti-ryeh-stah] / four hundred
|-
|-
|двадцать
| пятьсот
|twenty
| pyat'sot [pit-soht] / five hundred
|-
|-
|тридцать
| шестьсот
|thirty
| shest'sot [shis-soht] / six hundred
|-
|-
|сорок
| семьсот
|forty
| sem'sot [sim-soht] / seven hundred
|-
|-
|пятьдесят
| восемьсот
|fifty
| vosem'sot [vah-sim-soht] / eight hundred
|-
|-
|шестьдесят
| девятьсот
|sixty
| devyat'sot [dee-vit-soht] / nine hundred
|-
|-
|семьдесят
| тысяча
|seventy
| tysyacha [ti-si-chah] / one thousand
|-
|восемьдесят
|eighty
|-
|девяносто
|ninety
|-
|сто
|one hundred
|-
|двести
|two hundred
|-
|триста
|three hundred
|-
|четыреста
|four hundred
|-
|пятьсот
|five hundred
|-
|шестьсот
|six hundred
|-
|семьсот
|seven hundred
|-
|восемьсот
|eight hundred
|-
|девятьсот
|nine hundred
|-
|тысяча
|one thousand
|-
|миллион
|one million
|}
|}


===Ordinal Numbers===
=== Ordinal Numbers ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| '''Transliteration/English'''
|-
|-
|первый
| первый  
|first
| pervyy / first
|-
|-
|второй
| второй  
|second
| vtoroy / second
|-
|-
|третий
| третий  
|third
| tretiy / third
|-
|-
|четвёртый
| четвёртый  
|fourth
| chetvyortyy / fourth
|-
|-
|пятый
| пятый  
|fifth
| pyatyy / fifth
|-
|-
|шестой
| шестой  
|sixth
| shestoy / sixth
|-
|-
|седьмой
| седьмой  
|seventh
| sed'moy / seventh
|-
|-
|восьмой
| восьмой  
|eighth
| vos'moy / eighth
|-
|-
|девятый
| девятый  
|ninth
| devyatyy / ninth
|-
|-
|десятый
| десятый  
|tenth
| desyatyy / tenth
|-
|-
|одиннадцатый
| одиннадцатый  
|eleventh
| odinnadtsatyy / eleventh
|-
|-
|двенадцатый
| двенадцатый  
|twelfth
| dvenadtsatyy / twelfth
|-
|-
|тринадцатый
| тринадцатый  
|thirteenth
| trinadtsatyy / thirteenth
|-
|-
|четырнадцатый
| четырнадцатый  
|fourteenth
| chetyrnadtsatyy / fourteenth
|-
|-
|пятнадцатый
| пятнадцатый  
|fifteenth
| pyatnadtsatyy / fifteeth
|-
|-
|шестнадцатый
| шестнадцатый  
|sixteenth
| shestnadtsatyy / sixteenth
|-
|-
|семнадцатый
| семнадцатый  
|seventeenth
| semnadtsatyy / seventeenth
|-
|-
|восемнадцатый
| восемнадцатый  
|eighteenth
| vosemnadtsatyy / eighteenth
|-
|-
|девятнадцатый
| девятнадцатый  
|nineteenth
| devyatnadtsatyy / nineteenth
|-
|-
|двадцатый
| двадцатый  
|twentieth
| dvadtsatyy / twentieth
|-
|-
|двадцать первый
| двадцать первый  
|twenty first
| dvadtsat' pervyy / twenty first
|-
|-
|тридцатый
| тридцатый  
|thirtieth
| tridtsatyy / thirtieth
|-
|-
|тридцать первый
| тридцать первый  
|thirty first
| tridtsat' pervyy / thirty first
|}
|}


==General Word List==
== General Word List ==


This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.  
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.&nbsp; Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.  


{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
|
|  
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


===A===
=== A ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|август<br>
| август<br>  
|August<br>
| August<br>
|-
|-
|адвокат<br>
| адвокат<br>  
|lawyer<br>
| lawyer<br>
|-
|-
|администратор<br>
| администратор<br>  
|administrator<br>
| administrator<br>
|-
|-
|акт<br>
| акт<br>  
|document, record, certificate<br>
| document, record, certificate<br>
|-
|-
|акты гражданского состояния<br>
| акты гражданского состояния<br>  
|vital statistics<br>
| vital statistics<br>
|-
|-
|акушерка<br>
| акушерка<br>  
|midwife<br>
| midwife<br>
|-
|-
|алфавитный список<br>
| алфавитный список<br>  
|alphabetical list or index<br>
| alphabetical list or index<br>
|-
|-
|апоплексия
| апрель<br>
|apoplexy
| April<br>
|-
|-
|апрель<br>
| арендатор<br>  
|April<br>
| tenant, leaseholder<br>
|-
|-
|арендатор<br>
| армия<br>  
|tenant, leaseholder<br>
| army<br>
|-
|-
|армия<br>
| артиллерист<br>  
|army<br>
| artilleryman<br>
|-
|-
|артиллерист<br>
| архив<br>  
|artilleryman<br>
| archive<br>
|-
|-
|архив<br>
| архивист, архивариус<br>  
|archive<br>
| archivist<br>
|-
|архивист, архивариус<br>
|archivist<br>
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


===Б===
=== Б ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="633" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''Transliteration/English'''
|-
|бакалейщик<br>
|Grocer<br>
|-
|-
|барышник<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|horse dealer<br>
| '''Transliteration/English'''
|-
|-
|батрак<br>
| бакалейщик<br>  
|farm hand, hired hand<br>
| Grocer<br>
|-
|-
|башмачник<br>
| барышник<br>  
|shoemaker<br>
| horse dealer<br>
|-
|-
|бедность<br>
| батрак<br>  
|poverty<br>
| farm hand, hired hand<br>
|-
|-
|бедный<br>
| башмачник<br>  
|poor<br>
| shoemaker<br>
|-
|-
|бедняк<br>
| бедность<br>  
|pauper<br>
| poverty<br>
|-
|-
|беженец
| бедный<br>
|refugee
| poor<br>
|-
|-
|безземельный<br>
| бедняк<br>  
|landless<br>
| pauper<br>
|-
|-
|белое духовенство
| безземельный<br>
|clergy who have not taken a monastic vow (allowed to have a wife and children)
| landless<br>
|-
|-
|Благороднй<br>
| Благороднй<br>  
|
|  
noble<br>
noble<br>  


|-
|-
|благородство<br>
| благородство<br>  
|
|  
nobility<br>
nobility<br>  


|-
|-
|близнец<br>
| близнец<br>  
|twin<br>
| twin<br>
|-
|-
|близнецы<br>
| близнецы<br>  
|twins<br>
| twins<br>
|-
|-
|бобыль<br>
| бобыль<br>  
|
|  
poor landless peasant<br>
poor landless peasant<br>  


|-
|-
|богадельня<br>
| богадельня<br>  
|poor house<br>
| poor house<br>
|-
|болезнь<br>
|illness, disease<br>
|-
|-
|болезнь лёгких<br>
| болезнь<br>  
|lung disease, lung illness<br>
| illness, disease<br>
|-
|-
|болница<br>
| болезнь лёгких<br>  
|hospital<br>
| lung disease, lung illness<br>
|-
|-
|болной<br>
| болница<br>  
|sick<br>
| hospital<br>
|-
|-
|боль
| болной<br>
|illness, sickness, pain
| sick<br>
|-
|-
|бондарь, бочар<br>
| бондарь, бочар<br>  
|cooper<br>
| cooper<br>
|-
|-
|боярин<br>
| боярин<br>  
|boyar (m.) pre-1700 aristocrat<br>
| boyar (m.) pre1700 aristocrat<br>
|-
|-
|боярство<br>
| боярство<br>  
|the boyars<br>
| the boyars<br>
|-
|-
|боярыня<br>
| боярыня<br>  
|boyar, nobleman's wife<br>
| boyar, nobleman's wife<br>
|-
|-
|брак, бракосочетанние <br>
| брак, бракосочетанние <br>  
|brak, brakosochetannie<br>marriage<br>
| brak, brakosochetannie<br>marriage<br>
|-
|-
|браконьер<br>
| браконьер<br>  
|poacher<br>
| poacher<br>
|-
|-
|бракосочетание<br>
| бракосочетание<br>  
|marriage<br>
| marriage<br>
|-
|-
|брат
| брат  
|brother
| brother
|-
|-
|брачный обыски
| брачный обыски  
|pre-marital search of records, proving bride and groom are not related
| pre-marital search of records, proving pride and groom are not related
|-
|-
|брачный
| брачный  
|marital (adj.) conjugal
| marital (adj.) conjugal
|-
|-
|бременная
| бременная  
|pregnant
| pregnant
|-
|-
|бродяга
| бродяга  
|vagabond
| vagabond
|-
|-
|бронхит; бронхитис
| булочник
|bronchitis
| baker
|-
|-
|булочник
| бухгалтер
|baker
| bookkeeper
|-
|-
|бухгалтер
| бывший
|bookkeeper
| former
|-
|-
|бывший
| быть
|former
| to be
|-
|-
|быть
| бюргер  
|to be
| burgher
|-
|бюргер
|burgher
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===В===
=== В ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|''' English'''
|-
|в
|in, on, at
|-
|в час
|at one o'clock
|-
|вдова
|widow
|-
|вдовец
|widower
|-
|ведомость
|register, record, list
|-
|венчание
|wedding ceremony
|-
|веред
|boils
|-
|верность
|accuracy, correctness, truth
|-
|вероисповедание
|religion, faith, creed
|-
|-
|весна
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|spring
| '''&nbsp;English'''
|-
|-
|весной
| в<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>
|in the spring
| in, on, at
|-
|-
|весь
| в час
|all, whole, everything
| at one o'clock
|-
|-
|ветеринар
| вдова
|veterinarian
| widow
|-
|-
|ветрянкя
| вдовец
|chicken pox
| widower
|-
|-
|ветрянкя опаса
| ведомость
|chicken pox
| register, record, list
|-
|-
|вечер
| венчание
|evening
| wedding ceremony
|-
|-
|вечера
| верность
|in the evening
| accuracy, correctness, truth
|-
|-
|вечером
| вероисповедание
|in the evening
| religion, faith, creed
|-
|-
|взрослый
| весна
|adult
| spring
|-
|-
|владелец
| весной
|bearer, owner, propietor
| in the spring
|-
|-
|властный
| весь
|authoritative
| all, whole, everything
|-
|-
|внебрачный ребёнок
| ветрянкя
|illegitimate child
| chicken pox
|-
|-
|внук
| ветрянкя опаса
|grandson
| chicken pox<br>
|-
|-
|внучка
| вечер
|granddaughter
| evening
|-
|-
|водянка
| вечера
|dropsy
| in the evening
|-
|-
|водянка в голове
| вечером
|dropsy of the head (likely Hydrocephalus)
| in the evening
|-
|-
|военная служба
| взрослый
|military service
| adult
|-
|-
|военные документы
| владелец
|military records
| bearer, owner, propietor
|-
|-
|военный
| властный
|military, soldier
| authoritative
|-
|-
|возраст
| внебрачный ребёнок
|age
| illegitimate child
|-
|-
|возчик
| внук
|coachman, carter
| grandson
|-
|-
|воинский
| внучка
|military
| granddaughter
|-
|-
|война
| водянка
|war
| dropsy
|-
|-
|волость
| военная слкжба&nbsp;
|smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
| military service
|-
|-
|волосы
| военный
|hair
| military, soldier
|-
|-
|восемнадцатый
| возраст
|eighteenth
| age
|-
|-
|восемнадцать
| возчик
|eighteen
| coachman, carter
|-
|-
|восемьдесят
| воинский
|eighty
| military
|-
|-
|восемьсот
| война
|eight hundred
| war
|-
|-
|воскресенье
| волость
|Sunday
| smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
|-
|-
|воспаление
| волосы
|inflammation
| hair
|-
|-
|воспаление кишок
| восемнадцатый
|inflammation of the intestines
| eighteenth
|-
|-
|воспаление легких
| восемнадцать
|inflammation of the lungs
| eighteen
|-
|-
|воспаление мозгова
| восемьдесят
|inflammation of the brain
| eighty
|-
|-
|восприемник
| восемьсот
|godparent
| eight hundred
|-
|-
|восприемница
| воскресенье
|godmother
| Sunday
|-
|-
|восприемники
| воспаление
|godparents
| inflammation<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>
|-
|-
|восток
| восприёмник
|east
| godparent
|-
|-
|восточный
| восприёмница
|eastern
| godmother
|-
|-
|восьмидесятый
| восток
|eightieth
| east
|-
|-
|восьмисотый
| восточный
|eight hundredth
| eastern
|-
|-
|восьмой
| восьмидесятый
|eighth
| eightieth
|-
|-
|время
| восьмисотый
|time
| eight hundredth
|-
|-
|всё
| восьмой
|all, everyone, every
| eighth
|-
|-
|вся
| время
|all, everyone, every
| time
|-
|-
|вступить в брак
| всё
|to get married (to enter marriage)
| all, everyone, every
|-
|-
|вступление в брак
| вся
|marriage (entering marriage, often used in giving the marriage date)
| all, everyone, every
|-
|-
|вступить на службу
| вступить на службу  
|to go into the service
| to go into the service
|-
|-
|вторник
| вторник  
|Tuesday
| Tuesday
|-
|-
|второй
| второй<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>
|second
| second
|-
|-
|вчера
| вчера  
|yesterday
| yesterday
|-
|-
|вчерашний
| вчерашний  
|yesterday (adj)
| yesterday (adj)
|-
|-
|выдать
| выдать  
|to issue
| to issue
|-
|-
|выкидыщ
| выкидыщ  
|miscarriage
| miscarriage
|-
|-
|выписка
| выписка  
|extract, (record)
| extract, (record)
|-
|-
|выслать
| выслать  
|to be send
| to be send
|-
|-
|высокий
| высокий  
|tall
| tall
|-
|-
|выходить замуж
| выходить замуж  
|to marry, to be married (fem)
| to marry, to be married (fem)
|-
|-
|вышесказанное
| <br>
|the above mentioned
|  
|}
|}


===Г===
=== Г ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|г.
|abbreviation for город (city)
|-
|гвардец
|guardsmen
|-
|гвардуия
|guards
|-
|-
|где
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|where
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|генварь
| г.
|general
| abbreviation for город (city)
|-
|-
|генеалогия<br>
| глаз<br>  
|genealogy<br>
| eye<br>
|-
|-
|герб
| глухой<br>
|coat of arms
| blind<br>
|-
|-
|герой
| год<br>
|hero
| year<br>
|-
|-
|глаз
| голод<br>
|eye
| hunger, starvation<br>
|-
|-
|глухой
| гончар<br>
|blind
| potter<br>
|-
|-
|год
| горничная<br>
|year
| house maid, chambermaid<br>
|-
|-
|голод
| горнорабочий<br>
|hunger, starvation
| miner<br>
|-
|-
|гончар
| горняк<br>
|potter
| miner<br>
|-
|-
|горничная
| город<br>
|house maid, chambermaid
| city<br>
|-
|-
|горнорабочий
| госпиталь<br>
|miner
| hospital<br>
|-
|-
|горняк
| господни<br>
|miner
| gentleman, Mr.<br>
|-
|-
|город
| госпожа<br>
|city
| lady, Mrs.<br>
|-
|-
|горячка
| государственный<br>
|fever; burning ague
| government<br>
|-
|-
|госпиталь<br>
| государственный архив<br>  
|hospital<br>
| government archive<br>
|-
|-
|господни<br>
| гражданин<br>  
|gentleman, Mr.<br>
| citizen (male)<br>
|-
|-
|госпожа<br>
| гражданка<br>  
|lady, Mrs.<br>
| citizen (female)<br>
|-
|-
|государственный<br>
| гражданство<br>  
|government<br>
| citizenship<br>
|-
|-
|государственный архив<br>
| грамота<br>  
|government archive<br>
| literacy<br>
|-
|-
|гражданин<br>
| грамотный<br>  
|citizen (male)<br>
| literate<br>
|-
|-
|гражданка<br>
| гренадер<br>  
|citizen (female)<br>
| grenadier<br>
|-
|-
|гражданский, гражданство<br>
| губерния<br>  
|citizenship (adj.), citizenship (noun)<br>
| province, guberniya (adm. unit)<br>
|-
|-
|грамота<br>
| гусар<br>  
|literacy<br>
| hussar, light cavalryman<br>
|-
|грамотный<br>
|literate<br>
|-
|гренадер<br>
|grenadier<br>
|-
|губерния, губ.<br>
|province, guberniya (adm. unit)<br>
|-
|гусар<br>
|hussar, light cavalryman<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Д===
=== Д ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|дано<br>
| <br>  
|was given<br>
| was given<br>
|-
|-
|дать<br>
| <br>  
|to give<br>
| to give<br>
|-
|-
|два<br>
| <br>  
|two (masc., neut.)
|  
two (masc., neut.)  
 
|-
|-
|двадцатый<br>
| <br>  
|twentieth<br>
| twentieth<br>
|-
|-
|двадцать<br>
| <br>  
|twenty<br>
| twenty<br>
|-
|-
|две<br>
| <br>  
|two (fem.)<br>
| two (fem.)<br>
|-
|-
|двенадцатый<br>
| <br>  
|twelfth<br>
| twelfth<br>
|-
|-
|двенадцать<br>
| <br>  
|twelve<br>
| twelve<br>
|-
|-
|двести<br>
| <br>  
|two hundred<br>
| two hundred<br>
|-
|-
|движимость<br>
| <br>  
|movable property<br>
| movable property<br>
|-
|-
|двойни<br>
| <br>  
|twins<br>
| twins<br>
|-
|-
|двойня<br>
| <br>  
|twin<br>
| twin<br>
|-
|-
|дворянин<br>
|  
|nobleman
| nobleman
|-
|-
|дворянка<br>
|  
|noblewoman
| noblewoman
|-
|-
|дворянский род<br>
|  
|noble line, noble family
| noble line, noble family
|-
|-
|дворянство<br>
|  
|nobility
| nobility
|-
|-
|двоюродная сестра<br>
|  
|female cousin
| female cousin
|-
|-
|двоюродная брат<br>
|  
|male cousin
| male cousin
|-
|-
|двухсотый<br>
|  
|two hundredth
| two hundredth
|-
|-
|дева<br>
|  
|maiden
| maiden
|-
|-
|деверь<br>
|  
|brother in law, husband's brother
| brother in law, husband's brother
|-
|-
|девица<br>
|  
|maiden, unmarried woman
| maiden, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|Девичья фамилия<br>
|  
|maiden name
| maiden name
|-
|-
|Девочка<br>
|  
|little girl
| little girl
|-
|-
|девушка<br>
|  
|girl, maiden
| girl, maiden
|-
|-
|девяносто<br>
|  
|ninety
| ninety
|-
|-
|девяностый<br>
|  
|ninetieth
| ninetieth
|-
|-
|девятисотый<br>
|  
|nine hundredth
| nine hundredth
|-
|-
|девятнадцатый<br>
|  
|nineteenth
| nineteenth
|-
|-
|девятнадцать<br>
|  
|nineteen
| nineteen
|-
|-
|девятый<br>
|  
|ninth
| ninth
|-
|-
|девять<br>
|  
|nine
| nine
|-
|-
|девятьсот<br>
|  
|nine hundred
| nine hundred
|-
|-
|дед<br>
|  
|grandfather
| grandfather
|-
|-
|дедушка<br>
|  
|grandfather
| grandfather
|-
|-
|декабрь<br>
|  
|December
| December
|-
|-
|дело<br>
|  
|file, business, matter
| file, business, matter
|-
|-
|день<br>
|  
|day
| day
|-
|-
|день рождения<br>
|  
|birthday
| birthday
|-
|-
|дер.
|  
|village (abbreviation of деревня)
| village (derevnya)
|-
|-
|деревня<br>
|  
|village
| tenth
|-
|-
|десятый<br>
|  
|tenth
| ten
|-
|-
|десять<br>
|  
|ten
| children
|-
|-
|дети, детей<br>
|  
|children, children (accusative/genitive)
| childhood
|-
|-
|детство<br>
|  
|childhood
| dysentery
|-
|-
|дифтерии
|  
|diphtheria
| child
|-
|-
|дисентерия,
|  
 
| during the day, in the afternoon
 
дизентерия<br>
|dysentery
|-
|-
|дитя<br>
|  
|child
| until, up to, before
|-
|-
|днём<br>
|  
|during the day, in the afternoon
| agreement
|-
|-
|до<br>
|  
|until, up to, before
| document
|-
|-
|договор<br>
|  
|agreement
| house, home, building
|-
|-
|документ<br>
|  
|document
| to inform
|-
|-
|дом<br>
|  
|house, home, building
| to com of age, attain one's majority
|-
|-
|домохозяйка
|  
|housewife
| daughter
|-
|-
|донести<br>
|  
|to inform
| milkmaid
|-
|-
|достигать совершеннолетия<br>
|  
|to com of age, attain one's majority
| woodcutter
|-
|-
|дочь<br>
|  
|daughter
| woodcutter
|-
|-
|Доярка<br>
|  
|milkmaid
| decrepitude
|-
|-
|дровокол<br>
|  
|woodcutter
| decrepit
|-
|-
|дровосек<br>
|  
|woodcutter
| tanner
|-
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|  
|decrepitude
| diocese, consistory
|-
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|  
|decrepit
| mentally ill
|-
|-
|дьякон, диакон
|  
|deacon
| uncle
|-
|дубильщик<br>
|tanner
|-
|духовенство
|clergy
|-
|духовная консистория<br>
|diocese, consistory
|-
|душевнобольной<br>
|mentally ill
|-
|дыхавиц
|breathing
|-
|дядя<br>
|uncle
|}
|}


<br>
<br>


===Е===
=== Е ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Еврейские
|"Yevreyskie" or Jewish
|-
|Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть
|"Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|-
|его
|him, his
|-
|-
|её
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|her
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|евангелический<br>
| Еврейские
|Protestant<br>
| "Yevreyskie" or Jewish
|-
|-
|еврей<br>
| Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть
|Jew (m.)<br>
| "Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|-
|-
|еврейка<br>
| его
|Jew (f.)<br>
| him, his
|-
|-
|единокровная сестра<br>
| её
|half sister<br>
| her
|-
|-
|единокровниый брат<br>
| <br>  
|half brother<br>
|  
|-
|-
|епархия<br>
| <br>  
|diocese<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|епископ<br>
| <br>  
|bishop<br>
| <br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ё===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|<br>
|<br>
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


===Ж===
=== Ё  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|жар<br>
| <br>  
|Fever<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|железнодорожник<br>
| <br>  
|railroad worker<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|желудочной боли
| <br>
|stomach pain/sickness
| <br>
|-
|-
|желтуха<br>
| <br>  
|jaundice<br>
|  
|-
|-
|жена<br>
| <br>  
|wife
| <br>
|-
|-
|женатый<br>
| <br>  
|
| <br>
married man
|}
 
<br>


=== Ж  ===
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|женитьба<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|marriage (about a man)<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|жениться<br>
| <br>  
|to marry (about a man)
| <br>
|-
|-
|женик<br>
| <br>  
|bridegroom, fiance
| <br>
|-
|-
|женский<br>
| <br>  
|female
| <br>
|-
|-
|женщина
| <br>
|woman
|  
|-
|-
|жестянщик<br>
| <br>  
|tinsmith
| <br>
|-
|-
|живущий на пособии<br>
| <br>  
|welfare recipient
| <br>
|-
|жилец<br>
|resident, lodger, occupant
|-
|жилище<br>
|dwelling
|-
|житель<br>
|inhabitant, occupant
|-
|жительство<br>
|residence, dwelling
|-
|жительствующий<br>
|residing
|-
|жить<br>
|to live, to dwell, to reside
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===З===
=== З ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|заграничный<br>
| <br>  
|foreign<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|ЗАГС
| <br>
|civil registration (abbreviation of записи актов гражданского состояния)
| <br>
|-
|-
|заключённый<br>
| <br>  
|(prisoner), concluded<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|заключить<br>
| <br>  
|to conclude, to perform<br>
|  
|-
|-
|закон<br>
| <br>  
|law<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|законная жена<br>
| <br>  
|lawful wife<br>
| <br>
|}
 
<br>
 
=== И  ===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|законнорождённый<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|legitimately born<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|законность<br>
| <br>  
|legitimacy<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|законный<br>
| <br>  
|legal, legitimate, lawful<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|замерзшый<br>
| <br>  
|frozen<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|замечание<br>
| <br>  
|remark<br>
|  
|-
|-
|замужество<br>
| <br>  
|marriage (about a woman)<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|замужняя<br>
| <br>  
|married (about a woman)<br>
| <br>
|}
 
<br>
 
=== Й  ===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|занятие<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|occupation<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|запад<br>
| <br>  
|west<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|запасной рядовой
| <br>
|reserve soldier, reserve private
| <br>
|-
|-
|запасный ветеринарный фельдшер
| <br>
|emergency veterinarian
| <br>
|-
|-
|западный<br>
| <br>  
|western<br>
|  
|-
|-
|записи актов гражданского состояния
| <br>
|records of acts of civil status, civil registration records, vital records
| <br>
|-
|-
|записи передвиженния<br>
| <br>  
|moving record<br>
| <br>
|-
|}
|запись<br>
 
|record(ing), registration<br>
<br>  
|-
 
|звание
=== К  ===
|occupation, rank
 
|-
{| width="100%" border="1"
|здешний<br>
|local<br>
|-
|землевладелец<br>
|landowner<br>
|-
|земледелец<br>
|peasant, farmer<br>
|-
|-
|земледелие<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|agriculture<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|земля<br>
| кто
|earth, land<br>
| who
|-
|-
|земляк<br>
| кем, кѣмъ
|fellow-countyman<br>
| by whom
|-
|-
|землячка<br>
| какимъ
|fellow-country woman<br>
| (by) which
|-
|-
|зима<br>
| какое
|winter<br>
| which, what
|-
|-
|золовка<br>
| <br>  
|sister-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|зять<br>
| <br>  
|son-in-law, brother-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===И===
=== Л  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|и<br>
|and<br>
|-
|и так далее (и т. д.)<br>
|etc., and so forth, miscellaneous<br>
|-
|из<br>
|from, out of<br>
|-
|издозчик<br>
|coachman<br>
|-
|изгнанник<br>
|exiled person<br>
|-
|или<br>
|or<br>
|-
|имение<br>
|estate<br>
|-
|-
|именной указатель
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|name register (like an index at the back of a book)
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|иметь, имеет<br>
| <br>  
|to have, has<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|иммигрант<br>
| <br>  
|immigrant<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|имущество<br>
| <br>  
|property<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|имя, имена<br>
| <br>  
|name, names (given name)<br>
|  
|-
|-
|инженер<br>
| <br>  
|engineer<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|инфлюэнция, инфлюэнсия
| <br>  
|influenza
| <br>
|-
|исповедные ведомости<br>
|confession lists<br>
|-
|иудей, иуд., иудейский
|Jew, Jewish
|-
|их<br>
|them, their<br>
|-
|июль<br>
|July<br>
|-
|июнь<br>
|June<br>
|}
|}
<br>
===Й===
No Russian words begin with Й. Only some foreign words.


<br>  
<br>  


===К===
=== М  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|к/ко<br>
|to<br>
|-
|кто
|who
|-
|кем, кѣмъ
|by whom
|-
|какимъ
|(by) which
|-
|какое
|which, what
|-
|кабатчик<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|кавалерист<br>
|cavalryman<br>
|-
|казак<br>
|Cossack<br>
|-
|казаки
|Cossacks
|-
|казённая палата<br>
|provincial financial office<br>
|-
|казенный крестьянин
|state peasant
|-
|как видно<br>
|as is seen<br>
|-
|калека<br>
|cripple<br>
|-
|калесный мастер<br>
|wheelwright<br>
|-
|каменщик<br>
|mason, bricklayer<br>
|-
|канцлер<br>
|chancellor<br>
|-
|капитан<br>
|captain<br>
|-
|капрал<br>
|corporal<br>
|-
|Караимы
|Crimean Karaites
|-
|караул<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|католический<br>
|Catholic (adj.)<br>
|-
|кашель<br>
|cough<br>
|-
|квартира, кв.
|apartment, apt. (abbreviation)
|-
|кладбище<br>
|cemetery<br>
|-
|книга<br>
|book<br>
|-
|коклюш
|whooping cough
|-
|колония<br>
|settlment, colony<br>
|-
|командирован на службу<br>
|ordered, commissioned to service<br>
|-
|конвульсии
|convulsions
|-
|кондуктор<br>
|conductor, guard<br>
|-
|кончина<br>
|demise, death<br>
|-
|конюх<br>
|groom, stableman<br>
|-
|коробейник<br>
|peddler<br>
|-
|корь<br>
|measles<br>
|-
|костёл<br>
|church (Catholic)<br>
|-
|который<br>
|which, that, who<br>
|-
|кочегар<br>
|stoker<br>
|-
|красильщик<br>
|dyer<br>
|-
|крвавка
|blood loss from a bleeding wound
|-
|крепостной<br>
|serf<br>
|-
|крепостний крестьянин
|serf
|-
|крестить<br>
|to christen, to baptize<br>
|-
|крестник<br>
|godson<br>
|-
|крестница<br>
|goddaughter<br>
|-
|крёстные родители<br>
|godparents<br>
|-
|крестьяне<br>
|peasants<br>
|-
|крестьянин<br>
|peasant (m.)<br>
|-
|крестьянин владеющий землей<br>
|landowning farmer<br>
|-
|крестьянин государственный
|state peasant
|-
|крестьянка<br>
|peasant (f.)<br>
|-
|крещение <br>
|baptism, christening<br>
|-
|-
|круп
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|croup
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|ксендз<br>
| <br>  
|priest (Catholic)<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|кузнец<br>
| <br>  
|blacksmith<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|купец<br>
| <br>  
|merchant<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|купцы
| <br>
|merchants
|  
|-
|-
|кухарка<br>
| <br>  
|cook<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|кучер<br>
| <br>  
|coachman<br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Л===
=== Н  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|лакей<br>
|lackey, footman<br>
|-
|лейтенант<br>
|lietenant<br>
|-
|лесоруб<br>
|lumberjack<br>
|-
|лет<br>
|years, years old (age)<br>
|-
|лето<br>
|summer<br>
|-
|летом<br>
|in the summer<br>
|-
|-
|лёгкое<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|lung, light (adj.)<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|литейщик<br>
| <br>  
|foundry worker<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|лихорадка<br>
| <br>  
|fever<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|лицо<br>
| <br>  
|person, individual, face<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|лично<br>
| <br>  
|personally<br>
|  
|-
|-
|лодочник<br>
| <br>  
|boatman<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|лоцман<br>
| <br>  
|harbor pilot<br>
| <br>
|-
|лудильщик<br>
|tinsmith<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===М===
=== О  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|май<br>
|May<br>
|-
|майор<br>
|major<br>
|-
|-
|маленький<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|small, little,
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|малолетство
| o
|underage, childhood
| about
|-
|-
|маляр<br>
| о родившихся
|painter<br>
| births (literally: about those who were born)
|-
|-
|мама<br>
| о бракосочетавшихся
|mama<br>
| marriages (literally: about those who were married)<br>
|-
|-
|март<br>
| о разведшихся
|March<br>
| divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
|-
|-
|мастер<br>
| о умершихъ
|master, foreman<br>
| deaths (literally: about those who died)<br>
|-
|-
|матрос<br>
| <br>  
|seaman<br>
| <br>
|-
|мать/матерь<br>
|mother<br>
|-
|мачеха<br>
|stepmother<br>
|-
|между<br>
|between<br>
|-
|медник<br>
|brazier, coppersmith<br>
|-
|мельник<br>
|miller<br>
|-
|мертворождённый<br>
|stillborn<br>
|-
|местечко
|small village or town; often referring to a shtetl (small Jewish village)
|-
|место<br>
|place<br>
|-
|месяц<br>
|month<br>
|-
|метрика<br>
|birth certificate<br>
|-
|метрическая книга
|metrical book (metrical record, vital record book, register of births, marriages, and deaths)
|-
|метрические книги
|metrical books (metrical records)
|-
|метрическое свидетельство
|birth certificate
|-
|меховщик
|furrier
|-
|мещанин
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (m.)
|-
|мещанка
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (f.)
|-
|младенец<br>
|child, infant (m.)<br>
|-
|младенца
|child, infant (f.)
|-
|младенчество
|infancy
|-
|могила
|grave
|-
|молодой<br>
|young<br>
|-
|моряк<br>
|seaman<br>
|-
|мусульманский<br>
|Islamic<br>
|-
|муж<br>
|husband<br>
|-
|мужик<br>
|peasant<br>
|-
|мужской<br>
|male<br>
|-
|мужчина<br>
|man<br>
|-
|мэр<br>
|mayor<br>
|-
|мясник<br>
|butcher<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Н===
=== П  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|на<br>
|in, on, at, to<br>
|-
|найдёныш<br>
|foundling<br>
|-
|наниматель<br>
|tenant, employer<br>
|-
|народ<br>
|people<br>
|-
|наследник<br>
|heir<br>
|-
|наследование<br>
|inheritance<br>
|-
|настоящий<br>
|present (adj.) this, real, genuine<br>
|-
|национальность
|nationality
|-
|-
|начальник<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|head, chief, superior<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|не<br>
| <br>  
|no, not<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|нет<br>
| <br>  
|no<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|невеста<br>
| <br>  
|bride, fiancee<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|невестка<br>
| <br>  
|dauther-in-law, sister-in-law (brother's wife)<br>
|  
|-
|-
|неграмотный<br>
| <br>  
|illiterate<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|недвижимость<br>
| <br>  
|immovable property<br>
| <br>
|-
|неделя<br>
|week<br>
|-
|незаконнорождённый<br>
|illegitimately born<br>
|-
|немец<br>
|German (m.)<br>
|-
|нем., немецкий
|German (language)
|-
|немка<br>
|German (f.)<br>
|-
|немой<br>
|dumb<br>
|-
|немощный<br>
|infirm<br>
|-
|немощь<br>
|infirmity
|-
|неопределенная болезнь
|undetermined disease
|-
|неправильный<br>
|wrong, incorrect
|-
|несовершеннолетие<br>
|underage, minority
|-
|несчастья убитъ
|killed in an unfortunate accident
|-
|нижеподписавшийця<br>
|undersigned
|-
|нищий<br>
|beggar
|-
|новобранец<br>
|recruit
|-
|новобрачные<br>
|newlyweds
|-
|новорождённый<br>
|newborn
|-
|нос<br>
|nose
|-
|нотариус<br>
|notary
|-
|ночи, ночью<br>
|at night
|-
|ночь<br>
|night<br>
|-
|ноябрь<br>
|November<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===О===
=== Р  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|o/об/обо
|about
|-
|оба<br>
|both<br>
|-
|область<br>
|province, region, oblast<br>
|-
|образование<br>
|education<br>
|-
|обручение<br>
|engagement, betrothal<br>
|-
|обряд<br>
|rite, ceremony<br>
|-
|обструкция, опструкция
|obstruction
|-
|общество<br>
|society, company, community<br>
|-
|объялять<br>
|to declare, state, announce<br>
|-
|обыватель
|commoner, inhabitant
|-
|обыски брачные<br>
|pre-marital search (see брачные обыски)<br>
|-
|оглашение<br>
|marriage bans, announcement<br>
|-
|оглашение имен вступающих в брак<br>
|publication of the names of those about to marry<br>
|-
|один<br>
|one (masc.)<br>
|-
|одиночка
|sole occupant of household
|-
|одна<br>
|one (fem.)<br>
|-
|одно<br>
|one (neuter)<br>
|-
|округ<br>
|okrug, district, territory, area<br>
|-
|октябрь<br>
|October<br>
|-
|он<br>
|he<br>
|-
|она<br>
|she<br>
|-
|оно<br>
|it<br>
|-
|ономедни
|the other day, a couple of days ago, the day before yesterday (or, these days, recently)
|-
|они<br>
|they<br>
|-
|опекун<br>
|guardian<br>
|-
|опись<br>
|list, inventory, series<br>
|-
|оплатить<br>
|to pay<br>
|-
|опструкция, обструкция
|obstruction
|-
|опухоль<br>
|tumor, swelling<br>
|-
|осень<br>
|autumn, fall<br>
|-
|осенью<br>
|in the autumn, in the fall<br>
|-
|основание<br>
|basis, foundation<br>
|-
|оспа<br>
|smallpox<br>
|-
|от<br>
|from<br>
|-
|отлел
|department, office
|-
|отец<br>
|father<br>
|-
|отставка<br>
|retirement, discharge<br>
|-
|отставной<br>
|retired<br>
|-
|отсуствующий<br>
|absent<br>
|-
|-
|отчество<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|patronymic<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|отчим<br>
| Ревизские сказки
|stepfather<br>
| "Reviska Skazka" or Revision Lists
|-
|-
|охрана<br>
| <br>  
|guard<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|о родившихся
| <br>
|births (literally: about those who were born)
| <br>
|-
|-
|о бракосочетавшихся
| <br>  
|marriages (literally: about those who were married)<br>
|
|-
|-
|о разведшихся
| <br>
|divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
| <br>
|-
|-
|об умершихъ
| <br>
|deaths (literally: about those who died)<br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===П===
=== С  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|падучя
| Смерти
|epilepsy
| "Smerti" or death
|-
|-
|падчерица<br>
| <br>  
|stepdaughter<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|палач<br>
| <br>  
|butcher, executioner<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|папа<br>
| <br>  
|papa, dad<br>
|  
|-
|-
|паралижя
| <br>
|paralysis
| <br>
|-
|-
|паралич
| <br>  
|palsy
| <br>
|-
|}
|паспорт<br>
 
|passport<br>
<br>  
|-
 
|паспортный<br>
=== Т  ===
|passport (adj.)<br>
|-
|пасынок<br>
|stepson<br>
|-
|пачерица
|step daughter
|-
|паяльщик<br>
|tinsmith, plumber<br>
|-
|пекарь<br>
|baker<br>
|-
|первый<br>
|first<br>
|-
|перевозчик<br>
|ferryman<br>
|-
|переплётчик<br>
|bookbinder<br>
|-
|печатник<br>
|printer<br>
|-
|печать<br>
|stamp, seal, press<br>
|-
|писарь<br>
|clerk, scribe<br>
|-
|письмоводитель
|clerk
|-
|племянник<br>
|nephew<br>
|-
|племянница<br>
|niece<br>
|-
|плотник<br>
|carpenter<br>
|-
|повар<br>
|cook<br>
|-
|повинность<br>
|obligation<br>
|-
|после
|after
|-
|пограничная стража
|border corps
|-
|погребение<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|подать<br>
|to submit<br>
|-
|поденщик<br>
|day laborer<br>
|-
|подлинник<br>
|original<br>
|-
|подлиный
|
authentic<br>


{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|подпись<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|signature<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|подпоручик
|second lieutenant
|-
|пожар<br>
|fire<br>
|-
|пожарный<br>
|fireman<br>
|-
|пожилой<br>
|elderly<br>
|-
|позволение<br>
|permission<br>
|-
|покойник<br>
|the deceased (m.)<br>
|-
|покойница<br>
|the deceased (f.)<br>
|-
|покойный<br>
|deceased, late<br>
|-
|пол<br>
|gender, sex<br>
|-
|полагать<br>
|to suppose, to propose<br>
|-
|полдень<br>
|noon, midday<br>
|-
|полк<br>
|regiment<br>
|-
|полковник<br>
|colonel<br>
|-
|полночь<br>
|midnight<br>
|-
|получить<br>
|to receive<br>
|-
|понедельник<br>
|Monday<br>
|-
|понос
|diarrhea
|-
|по полудни<br>
|in the afternoon<br>
|-
|по полуночи<br>
|after midnight<br>
|-
|порока сердца
|heart disease
|-
|портниха<br>
|dressmaker<br>
|-
|портной<br>
|tailor<br>
|-
|поручитель<br>
|bondsman, guarantor<br>
|-
|порушения
|collapse, fall
|-
|поселенец<br>
|settler<br>
|-
|поселение<br>
|settlement<br>
|-
|посемйные списки<br>
|family lists <br>
|-
|послужной список<br>
|service record<br>
|-
|пособие<br>
|allowance, benefit, welfare<br>
|-
|постоянный<br>
|permanent<br>
|-
|потомок<br>
|descendant, offspring<br>
|-
|потомок по прямой линии<br>
|direct discendant<br>
|-
|потомственный<br>
|hereditary<br>
|-
|потомственный почетный
|hereditary honorary citizen, or a hereditary elite social class
|-
|потомство<br>
|posterity, descendants<br>
|-
|похоронен<br>
|buried (m.)<br>
|-
|похоронена<br>
|buried (f.)<br>
|-
|похороны<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|почётные граждане
|honorary citizens, an elite social class, could be hereditary or personal.
|-
|почтальон<br>
|mailman<br>
|-
|прабабушка<br>
|great grandmother<br>
|-
|правнук<br>
|great grandson<br>
|-
|-
|правнучка<br>
| <br>  
|great grandaughter<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|православный, православное вероисповедание<br>
| <br>  
|Orthodox Christian, Russian Orthodox<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|прадед<br>
| <br>  
|great grandfather<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|прапрабабушка<br>
| <br>  
|great great grandmother<br>
|  
|-
|-
|прапрадед<br>
| <br>  
|great great grandfather<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|прародитель<br>
| <br>  
|progenitor<br>
| <br>
|-
|предбрачные свидетельства<br>
|premaritial certificates documenting that the bride and groom are not related<br>
|-
|предок<br>
|ancestro, forefather<br>
|-
|представить<br>
|to produce, to resent<br>
|-
|предшествовать<br>
|to precede<br>
|-
|привилегированный
|privileged, favored
|-
|призвание<br>
|vocation, calling<br>
|-
|призывник<br>
|conscript<br>
|-
|призывные списки<br>
|recruitment lists<br>
|-
|приказчик<br>
|shop assistnace, salesman<br>
|-
|призрев., призреваемый
|a ward (child under protection of a guardian)
|-
|призивные списки
|conscription lists
|-
|принадлежать<br>
|to belong to<br>
|-
|принять<br>
|to accept, to receive<br>
|-
|прислуг
|servant (m.)
|-
|прислуга
|servant (f.)
|-
|присутствие<br>
|presence<br>
|-
|присутствующий<br>
|to be present, in attendance<br>
|-
|приход<br>
|parish, ward<br>
|-
|приходский<br>
|parish, ward (adj.)<br>
|-
|причат<br>
|clergy<br>
|-
|приют<br>
|orphanage<br>
|-
|продавец<br>
|salesman<br>
|-
|продолжение<br>
|continuation<br>
|-
|происходить<br>
|to descend<br>
|-
|происхождение<br>
|descent, origin<br>
|-
|произойти<br>
|to descend from<br>
|-
|прошение<br>
|request (noun)<br>
|-
|псаломщик
|acolyte, parish clerk
|-
|пятидесятый<br>
|fiftieth<br>
|-
|пятисотый<br>
|five hundredth<br>
|-
|пятнадцатый<br>
|fifteenth<br>
|-
|пятница<br>
|Friday<br>
|-
|пятый<br>
|fifth<br>
|-
|пять<br>
|five<br>
|-
|пятьдесят<br>
|fivty<br>
|-
|пятьсот<br>
|five hundred<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Р===
=== У  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|раб<br>
|slave<br>
|-
|работа<br>
|work<br>
|-
|работник<br>
|laborer (m.)<br>
|-
|работница<br>
|laborer (f.)<br>
|-
|рабочий<br>
|worker<br>
|-
|раввин<br>
|rabbi<br>
|-
|район<br>
|district, raion (modern term)<br>
|-
|-
|развалины
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|ruins, remains
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|разведённый<br>
| <br>  
|divorced<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|развод<br>
| <br>  
|divorce<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|размещенный
| <br>
|placed, situated, located, hosted (adj.)
| <br>
|-
|-
|разносчик<br>
| <br>  
|peddler<br>
|  
|-
|-
|разрешение<br>
| <br>  
|permission<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|разряд<br>
| <br>  
|level, degree, rank<br>
| <br>
|-
|рак<br>
|cancer<br>
|-
|рак груди/рак в груде
|breast cancer
|-
|рак кожи
|skin cancer
|-
|рак легкого
|lung cancer
|-
|рак желудка/рак в желудке
|stomach cancer
|-
| раскольник<br>
| dissenter, dissident, nonconformist
|-
|ребёнок<br>
|child<br>
|-
|ревизские сказки
|revision Lists
|-
|реестр<br>
|register<br>
|-
|рекрутские списки
|recruitment lists
|-
|религиозный<br>
|religious<br>
|-
|религия<br>
|religion, faith<br>
|-
|ремесленник<br>
|artisan, journeyman<br>
|-
|ремесло<br>
|trade, occupation<br>
|-
|род<br>
|birth, family, kin, sort, type<br>
|-
|родивщихся
|those who were born
|-
|родилась<br>
|was born (f.)<br>
|-
|родились<br>
|were born<br>
|-
|родился<br>
|was born (m.0<br>
|-
|родина<br>
|native land<br>
|-
|родители<br>
|parents<br>
|-
|родиться<br>
|to be born<br>
|-
|родовой<br>
|ancestral<br>
|-
|родом<br>
|by origin<br>
|-
|родоначальник<br>
|ancestor (first generation of a clan)<br>
|-
|родословная<br>
|genealogy, pedigree (book)<br>
|-
|родословная книга<br>
|ancestry book<br>
|-
|родословный<br>
|genealogical<br>
|-
|родственник<br>
|relative (m.)<br>
|-
|родственница<br>
|(relative (f.)<br>
|-
|родство<br>
|relationship, kinship<br>
|-
|роды<br>
|childbirth<br>
|-
|рождение<br>
|birth<br>
|-
|рождения<br>
|births<br>
|-
|Рождество<br>
|Christmas<br>
|-
|рaзрыв сердца
|broken heart
|-
|роспись<br>
|inventory, list<br>
|-
|рот<br>
|mouth<br>
|-
|русский, русская
|Russian (male, female)
|-
|русый<br>
|light brown<br>
|-
|рыбяк<br>
|fisherman<br>
|-
|рыжий<br>
|red-haired<br>
|-
|рядовой<br>
|ordinary (soldier)<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===С===
=== Ф  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|cмерти
|death
|-
|с<br>
|from, with<br>
|-
|садовник<br>
|gardener<br>
|-
|сам<br>
|self (m.)<br>
|-
|сама<br>
|self (f.)<br>
|-
|сами<br>
|selves<br>
|-
|сапожник<br>
|cobbler, shoemaker<br>
|-
|сват
|father of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|сватья
|mother of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|свёкор<br>
|father-in-law (husband's father)<br>
|-
|свекровь<br>
|mother-in-law (husband's mother)<br>
|-
|светлый<br>
|light (adj.)<br>
|-
|свидетель, свидетели
|witness, witnesses
|-
|свидетельство<br>
|certificate, evidence, testimony<br>
|-
|свидетельствовать/ за-<br>
|to witness, to certify<br>
|-
|своебременно<br>
|timely<br>
|-
|свояченица<br>
|sister-in-law (wife's sister)<br>
|-
|святое причастие<br>
|holy communion, the Lord's supper<br>
|-
|святой<br>
|holy<br>
|-
|священник<br>
|priest, clergyman<br>
|-
|север<br>
|north<br>
|-
|северный<br>
|northern<br>
|-
|сегодня<br>
|today<br>
|-
|сегодняшний
|today's, this day (adj.)
|-
|седой<br>
|gray-haired<br>
|-
|седмой<br>
|seventh<br>
|-
|село<br>
|village (with a church)<br>
|-
|семидесятый<br>
|seventieth<br>
|-
|семисотый<br>
|seven hundredth<br>
|-
|семнадцать<br>
|seventeen<br>
|-
|семь<br>
|seven<br>
|-
|семьдесят<br>
|seventy<br>
|-
|семьсот<br>
|seven hundred<br>
|-
|семья<br>
|family<br>
|-
|сентябрь<br>
|September<br>
|-
|серый<br>
|gray<br>
|-
|сестра<br>
|sister<br>
|-
|сирота<br>
|orphan<br>
|-
|скарлатина<br>
|scarlet fever<br>
|-
|скончалась<br>
|died (f.)<br>
|-
|скончался<br>
|died (m.)<br>
|-
|скорняк<br>
|Furrier<br>
|-
|слепой<br>
|blind<br>
|-
|слесарь<br>
|locksmith, metalworker<br>
|-
|слобода
|settlement
|-
|слуга<br>
|servant (m.)<br>
|-
|служанка<br>
|servant (f.)<br>
|-
|служащий<br>
|employee, perfessional<br>
|-
|служба<br>
|service, work<br>
|-
|смерти<br>
|deaths<br>
|-
|смерть<br>
|death<br>
|-
|сноха<br>
|daughter-in-law<br>
|-
|собор<br>
|cathedral<br>
|-
|собрание<br>
|assembly, meeting<br>
|-
|собственник/собственница
|owner
|-
|совершеннолетие<br>
|legal age, majority<br>
|-
|совершить<br>
|to perform<br>
|-
|согласно<br>
|according to, agreed<br>
|-
|содержание<br>
|content<br>
|-
|соединать браком<br>
|to marry<br>
|-
|сожительница
|concubine, cohabitor
|-
|солдат<br>
|soldier<br>
|-
|сорок<br>
|forty<br>
|-
|сороковой<br>
|fortieth<br>
|-
|сословие<br>
|estate, class, social standing<br>
|-
|состоялось<br>
|it happened<br>
|-
|состояние<br>
|status, state, condition, situation<br>
|-
|состояться<br>
|to take place, happen<br>
|-
|сотник<br>
|commander of 100 men<br>
|-
|сотый<br>
|one hundredth<br>
|-
|сочетать брак<br>
|to marry (to)<br>
|-
|среда<br>
|Wedmesday<br>
|-
|средный<br>
|medium (adj.)<br>
|-
|ссылный<br>
|exile, convict<br>
|-
|ссылка<br>
|see..., refer to...; exile, deportation<br>
|-
|старость<br>
|old age<br>
|-
|старый<br>
|old<br>
|-
|стеклодув<br>
|glass blower<br>
|-
|сто<br>
|one hundred<br>
|-
|столяр<br>
|joiner<br>
|-
|сторож<br>
|watchman, guard<br>
|-
|стража<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|страна<br>
|country<br>
|-
|стрелок<br>
|rifleman, marksman<br>
|-
|строитель<br>
|construction worker<br>
|-
|суббота<br>
|Saturday<br>
|-
|суд<br>
|court<br>
|-
|судебный<br>
|judicial<br>
|-
|судья<br>
|judge<br>
|-
|сумашедший<br>
|insance<br>
|-
|-
|супруг<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|spouse (m.)<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|супруга<br>
| <br>  
|spouse (f.)<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|супруги<br>
| <br>  
|married couple<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|супружество<br>
| <br>  
|matrimony<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|сутки<br>
| <br>  
|day (and night), 24 hours<br>
|  
|-
|-
|счетовод<br>
| <br>  
|accountant, bookkeeper<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|сын<br>
| <br>  
|son<br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Т===
=== Х  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|таинство<br>
| <br>  
|ordinance, rite, sacrament<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|текущий
| <br>
|current
| <br>
|-
|-
|тёмный<br>
| <br>  
|dark<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|тесть<br>
| <br>  
|father-in-law (wife's father)<br>
|  
|-
|-
|тётя<br>
| <br>  
|aunt<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|тёща<br>
| <br>  
|mother-in-law (wife's mother)<br>
| <br>
|-
|тиф
|typhus
|-
|ткач<br>
|weaver (m.)<br>
|-
|ткачиха<br>
|weaver (f.)<br>
|-
|то есть (т. е.)<br>
|i.e. that is<br>
|-
|тоже<br>
|also<br>
|-
|токарь<br>
|lathe turner<br>
|-
|тонуть<br>
|to drown<br>
|-
|торговец<br>
|merchant, dealer<br>
|-
|третий<br>
|third<br>
|-
|трёхсотый<br>
|three hundredth<br>
|-
|три<br>
|three<br>
|-
|тридцатый<br>
|thirtieth<br>
|-
|тридцать<br>
|thirty<br>
|-
|тринадватый<br>
|thirteenth<br>
|-
|тринадцать<br>
|thirteen<br>
|-
|триста<br>
|three hundred<br>
|-
|трубочист<br>
|chimney sweep<br>
|-
|туберклулёз лёгких<br>
|consumption<br>
|-
|тысяча<br>
|one thousand<br>
|-
|тысячный<br>
|one thousandth<br>
|-
|тюрма<br>
|prison<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===У===
=== Ц  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|убийство<br>
|murder
|-
|убийца<br>
|murderer, killer
|-
|уволенный<br>
|dismissed, discharged
|-
|удар<br>
|stroke
|-
|удостоверение<br>
|certificate
|-
|удостоверить(ся)<br>
|to certify, to witness, to assure oneself
|-
|удочеренная<br>
|adopted (of a daughter)
|-
|удочерение<br>
|adoption (of a daughter)
|-
|удочерить<br>
|to adopt a daughter
|-
|удушья
|difficulty breathing
|-
|уезд<br>
|district, county, uyezd
|-
|указ<br>
|decree
|-
|украинец, украинка
|Ukrainian (male, female)
|-
|улица, ул.
|street, st. (abbreviation)
|-
|умер<br>
|died (masc.)
|-
|умереть<br>
|to die
|-
|умерла<br>
|died (fem.)
|-
|умерший<br>
|deceased
|-
|уметь<br>
|to know how
|-
|унтер-офицер
|non-commissioned officer, petty officer
|-
|уродливый<br>
|deformed (masc.)
|-
|-
|урохдённая<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|born as, née (in front of maiden name)
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|урядник<br>
| <br>  
|sergeant, or Don Cossacks under-officer
| <br>
|-
|-
|усыновление<br>
| <br>  
|adoption (of a son)
| <br>
|-
|-
|усыновленный<br>
| <br>  
|adopted (of a son)
| <br>
|-
|-
|усыновить<br>
| <br>  
|to adopt a son
|  
|-
|-
|утопнуть<br>
| <br>  
|to drown
| <br>
|-
|-
|утопший/утопшая
| <br>  
|drowned
| <br>
|-
|утра, утром<br>
|morning (n.), in the morning (adv.)
|-
|утро<br>
|morning (n.)
|-
|ученик<br>
|pupil, apprentice
|-
|учёный<br>
|scholar (n.), learned (adj.)
|-
|учитель<br>
|teacher (masc.)
|-
|учительница<br>
|teacher (fem.)
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Ф===
=== Ч  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|фабрикант<br>
| <br>  
|manufacturer<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|фамилия<br>
| <br>  
|surname, family<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|февраль<br>
| <br>  
|February<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|фольварк
| <br>
|manor farm
|  
|-
|-
|фонд<br>
| <br>  
|record group<br>
| <br>
|-
| <br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Х===
=== Ш  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|хозяин<br>
| <br>  
|landowner, proprietor<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|холод<br>
| <br>  
|cold<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|холостой<br>
| <br>  
|single, unmarrier<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|холость<br>
| <br>  
|single man, bachelor<br>
|  
|-
|-
|холостяк<br>
| <br>  
|bachelor<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|хромой<br>
| <br>  
|lame, limping<br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Ц===
=== Щ  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|цвет<br>
| <br>  
|color<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|церковь<br>
| <br>  
|church<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|цыган<br>
| <br>  
|Gypsy<br>
| <br>
|-
| <br>
|
|-
| <br>
| <br>
|-
| <br>
| <br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Ч===
=== Э  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|час <br>
|hour, time<br>
|-
|часовщик<br>
|watchmaker<br>
|-
|чахотка<br>
|consumption<br>
|-
|четверг<br>
|Thursday<br>
|-
|-
|четвёртый<br>
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''
|fourth<br>
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|четыре<br>
| <br>  
|four<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|четыреста<br>
| <br>  
|four hundred<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|четырёхсотый<br>
| <br>  
|four hundredth<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|четырнадцать<br>
| <br>  
|fourteen<br>
|  
|-
|-
|чёрное духовенство
| <br>
|clergy who have taken a monastic vow (not allowed to have a wife or children)
| <br>
|-
|-
|чин<br>
| <br>  
|rank, grade<br>
| <br>
|-
|чиновник<br>
|official, bureaucrat<br>
|-
|чирей
|boil
|-
|число<br>
|date, number<br>
|-
|член<br>
|member<br>
|-
|что<br>
|what, that<br>
|-
|чума<br>
|plague<br>
|}
|}


<br>
<br>  


===Ш===
=== Ю  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|шахтёр<br>
| <br>  
|miner<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|швер<br>
| <br>  
|seamstress<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|шестидесятый<br>
| <br>  
|sixtieth<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|шестисотый<br>
| <br>  
|six hundredth<br>
|  
|-
|-
|шестнадцать<br>
| <br>  
|sixteenth<br>
| <br>
|-
|-
|шестой<br>
| <br>  
|sixth<br>
| <br>
|-
|шесть<br>
|six<br>
|-
|шестьсот<br>
|six hundred<br>
|-
|шинкарь<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|шкарлатина
|scarlet fever
|-
|шорник<br>
|harness maker, saddler<br>
|-
|шурин<br>
|brother-in-law (wife's brother)<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Щ===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|<br>
|<br>
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


===Э===
=== Я  ===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|эмигрант
|emigrant
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ю===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" | '''Russian'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|юг
| <br>
|south
| <br>
|-
|-
|южный
| <br>
|southern
| <br>
|-
|-
|юрист
| <br>
|lawyer
| <br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Я===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| <br>
|'''English'''
|  
|-
|-
|Я
| <br>
|I
| <br>
|-
|-
|явиться; явился, явилась<br>
| <br>  
|to appear; appeared (m., f.)<br>
| <br>
|-
|январь<br>
|January<br>
|}
|}


<br>  
<br>  


[[Category:Poland Language and Handwriting]]
|}
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]  
 
[[Category:Word List]]  
[[Category:Poland]] [[Category:Word_List]] [[Category:Russia]] [[Category:Belarus]] [[Category:Ukraine]] [[Category:Lithuania]]
[[Category:Russia Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Belarus]]  
[[Category:Ukraine Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Lithuania]]

Revision as of 14:35, 20 July 2015


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The Russian Genealogical Word List contains Russian words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Russian ancestors. A version of the  Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF is also available.  If a word is not found in this list, consult a Russian-English dictionary.

Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]

Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ьь Ээ Юю Яя

No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь).

Transliteration Aid[edit | edit source]

Transliterating Russian to English in One Step, online automatic transliterator by Steve Morse.

Online Dictionaries[edit | edit source]

English » Russian Dictionary at Learning Russian.Net

Months of the Year[edit | edit source]

Russian Pronunciation English
январь yeen-VAHR' January
февраль fee-VRAHL' February
март mahrt March
апрель ah-PRYEHL' April
май mahy May
июнь ee-YOON' June
июль ee-YOOL' July
август AHV-goost August
сентябрь seen-TYAHBR' September
октябрь ahk-TYAHBR' October
ноябрь nah-YAHBR' November
декабрь dee-KAHBR' December

Cardinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Russian Transliteration [pronunciation] / English
один odin [ah-DEEN] / one
два dva [dvah] / two
три tri [tree] / three
четыре chetyre [che-TYH-ree] / four
пять pyat' [pyat'] / five
шесть shest' [shehst'] / six
семь sem' [syehm] / seven
восемь vosem' [VOH-seem] / eight
девять devyat' [DYEH-vit'] / nine
десять desyat' [DYEH-sit'] / ten
одиннадцать odinnadtsat' [ah-dee-nat-sat'] / eleven
двенадцать dvenadtsat' [dvi-nat-sat'] / twelve
тринадцать trinadtsat' [tree-nat-sat'] / thirteen
четырнадцать chetyrnadtsat' [chye-tir-nat-sat'] / fourteen
пятнадцать pyatnadtsat' [pyat-nat-sat'] / fifteen
шестнадцать shestnadtsat' [shes-nat-sat'] / sixteen
семнадцать semnadtsat' [sim-nat-sat'] / seventeen
восемнадцать vosemnadtsat' [vahsim-nat-sat'] / eighteen
девятнадцать devyatnadtsat' [divit-nat-sat'] / nineteen
двадцать dvadtsat' [dvat-sat'] / twenty
тридцать tridtsat' [treet-sat'] / thirty
сорок sorok [soh-rahk] / forty
пятьдесят pyat'desyat [pit-dee-syat] / fifty
шестьдесят shest'desyat [shes-dee-syat] / sixty
семьдесят sem'desyat [syem-dee-syat] / seventy
восемьдесят vosem'desyat [voh-sim-dee-syat] / eighty
девяносто devyanosto [di-vee-nohs-tah] / ninety
сто sto [stoh] / one hundred
двести dvesti [dvyes-tee] / two hundred
триста trista [tree-stah] / three hundred
четыреста chetyresta [chye-ti-ryeh-stah] / four hundred
пятьсот pyat'sot [pit-soht] / five hundred
шестьсот shest'sot [shis-soht] / six hundred
семьсот sem'sot [sim-soht] / seven hundred
восемьсот vosem'sot [vah-sim-soht] / eight hundred
девятьсот devyat'sot [dee-vit-soht] / nine hundred
тысяча tysyacha [ti-si-chah] / one thousand

Ordinal Numbers[edit | edit source]

Russian Transliteration/English
первый pervyy / first
второй vtoroy / second
третий tretiy / third
четвёртый chetvyortyy / fourth
пятый pyatyy / fifth
шестой shestoy / sixth
седьмой sed'moy / seventh
восьмой vos'moy / eighth
девятый devyatyy / ninth
десятый desyatyy / tenth
одиннадцатый odinnadtsatyy / eleventh
двенадцатый dvenadtsatyy / twelfth
тринадцатый trinadtsatyy / thirteenth
четырнадцатый chetyrnadtsatyy / fourteenth
пятнадцатый pyatnadtsatyy / fifteeth
шестнадцатый shestnadtsatyy / sixteenth
семнадцатый semnadtsatyy / seventeenth
восемнадцатый vosemnadtsatyy / eighteenth
девятнадцатый devyatnadtsatyy / nineteenth
двадцатый dvadtsatyy / twentieth
двадцать первый dvadtsat' pervyy / twenty first
тридцатый tridtsatyy / thirtieth
тридцать первый tridtsat' pervyy / thirty first

General Word List[edit | edit source]

This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.  Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.


A[edit | edit source]

Russian English
август
 August
адвокат
 lawyer
администратор
 administrator
акт
 document, record, certificate
акты гражданского состояния
 vital statistics
акушерка
 midwife
алфавитный список
 alphabetical list or index
апрель
 April
арендатор
 tenant, leaseholder
армия
 army
артиллерист
 artilleryman
архив
 archive
архивист, архивариус
 archivist


Б[edit | edit source]

Russian Transliteration/English
бакалейщик
 Grocer
барышник
 horse dealer
батрак
 farm hand, hired hand
башмачник
 shoemaker
бедность
 poverty
бедный
 poor
бедняк
 pauper
безземельный
 landless
Благороднй

noble

благородство

nobility

близнец
 twin
близнецы
 twins
бобыль

poor landless peasant

богадельня
 poor house
болезнь
 illness, disease
болезнь лёгких
 lung disease, lung illness
болница
 hospital
болной
 sick
бондарь, бочар
 cooper
боярин
 boyar (m.) pre1700 aristocrat
боярство
 the boyars
боярыня
 boyar, nobleman's wife
брак, бракосочетанние
brak, brakosochetannie
marriage
браконьер
 poacher
бракосочетание
 marriage
брат brother
брачный обыски pre-marital search of records, proving pride and groom are not related
брачный marital (adj.) conjugal
бременная pregnant
бродяга vagabond
булочник baker
бухгалтер bookkeeper
бывший former
быть to be
бюргер burgher


В[edit | edit source]

Russian  English
в in, on, at
в час at one o'clock
вдова widow
вдовец widower
ведомость register, record, list
венчание wedding ceremony
верность accuracy, correctness, truth
вероисповедание religion, faith, creed
весна spring
весной in the spring
весь all, whole, everything
ветрянкя chicken pox
ветрянкя опаса chicken pox
вечер evening
вечера in the evening
вечером in the evening
взрослый adult
владелец bearer, owner, propietor
властный authoritative
внебрачный ребёнок illegitimate child
внук grandson
внучка granddaughter
водянка dropsy
военная слкжба  military service
военный military, soldier
возраст age
возчик coachman, carter
воинский military
война war
волость smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
волосы hair
восемнадцатый eighteenth
восемнадцать eighteen
восемьдесят eighty
восемьсот eight hundred
воскресенье Sunday
воспаление inflammation
восприёмник godparent
восприёмница godmother
восток east
восточный eastern
восьмидесятый eightieth
восьмисотый eight hundredth
восьмой eighth
время time
всё all, everyone, every
вся all, everyone, every
вступить на службу to go into the service
вторник Tuesday
второй second
вчера yesterday
вчерашний yesterday (adj)
выдать to issue
выкидыщ miscarriage
выписка extract, (record)
выслать to be send
высокий tall
выходить замуж to marry, to be married (fem)

Г[edit | edit source]

Russian English
г. abbreviation for город (city)
глаз
 eye
глухой
 blind
год
 year
голод
 hunger, starvation
гончар
 potter
горничная
 house maid, chambermaid
горнорабочий
 miner
горняк
 miner
город
 city
госпиталь
 hospital
господни
 gentleman, Mr.
госпожа
 lady, Mrs.
государственный
 government
государственный архив
 government archive
гражданин
 citizen (male)
гражданка
 citizen (female)
гражданство
 citizenship
грамота
 literacy
грамотный
 literate
гренадер
 grenadier
губерния
 province, guberniya (adm. unit)
гусар
 hussar, light cavalryman


Д[edit | edit source]

Russian English

was given

 to give

two (masc., neut.)


twentieth

 twenty

 two (fem.)

 twelfth

 twelve

 two hundred

 movable property

 twins

 twin
nobleman
noblewoman
noble line, noble family
nobility
female cousin
male cousin
two hundredth
maiden
brother in law, husband's brother
maiden, unmarried woman
maiden name
little girl
girl, maiden
ninety
ninetieth
nine hundredth
nineteenth
nineteen
ninth
nine
nine hundred
grandfather
grandfather
December
file, business, matter
day
birthday
village (derevnya)
tenth
ten
children
childhood
dysentery
child
during the day, in the afternoon
until, up to, before
agreement
document
house, home, building
to inform
to com of age, attain one's majority
daughter
milkmaid
woodcutter
woodcutter
decrepitude
decrepit
tanner
diocese, consistory
mentally ill
uncle


Е[edit | edit source]

Russian English
Еврейские "Yevreyskie" or Jewish
Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть "Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
его him, his
её her






Ё[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ж[edit | edit source]

Russian English












З[edit | edit source]

Russian English












И[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Й[edit | edit source]

Russian English












К[edit | edit source]

Russian English
кто who
кем, кѣмъ by whom
какимъ (by) which
какое which, what





Л[edit | edit source]

Russian English












М[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Н[edit | edit source]

Russian English












О[edit | edit source]

Russian English
o about
о родившихся births (literally: about those who were born)
о бракосочетавшихся marriages (literally: about those who were married)
о разведшихся divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
о умершихъ deaths (literally: about those who died)


П[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Р[edit | edit source]

Russian English
Ревизские сказки "Reviska Skazka" or Revision Lists










С[edit | edit source]

Russian English
Смерти "Smerti" or death










Т[edit | edit source]

Russian English












У[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ф[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Х[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ц[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ч[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ш[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Щ[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Э[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Ю[edit | edit source]

Russian English












Я[edit | edit source]

Russian English












|}

Numbers that denote quantity or how many. Examples: one, two, three

Numbers indicating position or order of something. Examples: first, second, third.

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