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==Description==
Most materials used in Croatian research are written in Croatian. You do not need to speak or read Croatian to do research in Croatian records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Croatia, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Croatian records include Hungarian and Italian.  
The official language of Croatia is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language '''Croatian'''] and one of 24 official languages of the European Union since 2013. According to the 2021 Census, 95.25% of citizens of Croatia proclaimed Croatian as their native language.<br>
Minority languages are in official use in local government areas where more than a third of the population includes national minorities or where local legislation mandates their use. They are: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref>
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_language Czech''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_language Hungarian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_language Italian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenian_language Ruthenian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language Serbian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_language Slovak''']


The following languages are also recognized: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref>
Croatian grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, names of your ancestors will vary from record to record in Croatian.  
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_language Albanian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language Bosnian'''] 
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language Bulgarian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_language German''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language Hebrew''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_language Macedonian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegrin_language Montenegrin''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language Polish''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_language Romanian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_language Romani''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Russian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyn_language Rusyn''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovene_language Slovenian''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language Turkish''']
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language Ukrainian''']


Croatian replaced '''Latin''' as the official language of the Croatian government in 1847.<br>
For help in understanding name variations, see the “[[Croatian Names, Personal|Names, Personal]]” section in this outline.  
The official language was formally designated from 1961 to 1991 as '''Serbo-Croatian or Croato-Serbian'''. During this time, Croats often referred to their language as '''Croato-Serbian''' (instead of Serbo-Croatian) or as '''Croatian'''. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Croatia," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages, accessed 24 May 2023.</ref><br>


The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language is a South Slavic diasystem. Serbo-Croatian was standardized as a single language during the era of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991. During this period Serbo-Croatian was one of the three official languages, alongside Macedonian and Slovenian. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Serbo-Croatian language broke into its constituent parts, with Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian becoming distinctly recognized languages. Currently in Montenegro there is a movement to have Montenegrin recognized as its own language, as well.<br>
=== Alphabet  ===


Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Croatia, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Croatian records include Hungarian and Italian.<br>
''Croatian Alphabetical Order''


'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Croatia_Languages#:~:text=Languages%20of%20the%20Records Information about Language Records]'''
Aa Bb Cc Čč Ćć Dd DŽ dž Ðđ Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll LJ lj Mm Nn NJ nj Oo Pp Rr Ss Šš Tt Uu Vv Zz Žž


==Word List(s)==
=== Language Aids  ===
For word lists and help researching in Croatian records, see:
*[[Serbo-Croatian Genealogical Word List|Serbo-Croatian Genealogical Word List]]
*[[German Genealogical Word List|German Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Hungarian Genealogical Word List|Hungarian Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Italian Genealogical Word List|Italian Genealogical Word List]]
*[[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]]


'''Croatian'''
The Family History Library has Hungarian, Latin and Italian genealogical word lists.  
*[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/croatian.php Useful Croatian phrases (Omniglot)]
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Croatian_phrasebook Croatian phrasebook (Wikitravel)]


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
The following books and dictionaries can also aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries:  
'''Croatian'''
*[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/croatian.htm Croatian Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)]
*[http://mylanguages.org/learn_croatian.php Croatian Grammar and Language Basics (MyLanguages)]
*[https://forvo.com/languages/hr/ Croatian pronunciation dictionary (Forvo)]


'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Croatia_Languages#:~:text=with%20Serbo%2DCroatian.-,Croatian%20grammar,-Croatian%20grammar%20may Grammar Help]'''
=== Language Characteristics  ===


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
In Croatian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Croatian any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Croatian word. As you read Croatian records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list.  
'''Croatian'''
*[https://glosbe.com/en/hr English to Croatian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
*[https://glosbe.com/en/sh English to Serbo Croatian Dictionary (Glosbe)]
* Vidan, Aida and Robert Niebuhr. ''Beginner's Croatian : with online audio.'' New York,: Hippocrene Books, 2020. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1140114802 WorldCat].
 
==Additional Resources==
*[https://www.britannica.com/place/Croatia Croatia (Britannica)]
*[https://wikitravel.org/en/Croatia Croatia (Wikitravel)]
* Langston, Keith and Anita Peti-Stantić. ''Language planning and national identity in Croatia.'' Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/888968908 WorldCat].
<br>
 
'''Languages of the Records'''
 
The language of the records is mostly Latin, Croatian, Hungarian, or Italian. Glagolitic and Cyrillic as well as Roman script occur in the records.  
 
*'''Latin''': an Indo-European language, moderately inflected, and used extensively by the Roman Catholic Church.
*'''Serbian''': a Slavic language closely allied to Croatian. Considered the official language of Yugoslavia. Serbian differs from Croatian slightly in vocabulary and is written in the Cyrillic script.
*'''German''': official language of the Austrian Empire, and as such the language of record for the Austrian military.
*'''Glagolitic''': properly speaking, Glagolitsa is a script, not a language. The literature of Dalmatia, however, took on a unique character that can be considered at least a dialect. In most circumstances one can read the text of a Glagolitic manuscript if s/he is familiar with Croatian and the epigraphy.  
*'''Croatian''': the language used for most post-Latin period Roman Catholic parish registers. Distinguished from Serbian primarily for reasons of nationalism.
*'''Hungarian''': all civil documents, from partition of Austria-Hungary to end of WWI.  
*'''Italian''': language common to the 1600-1800. Roman Catholic parish registers for Dalmatia and Istria.
*'''Slovene''': language of Slovenia, closely allied with Serbo-Croatian.<br>
 
'''Croatian grammar'''
 
Croatian grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, names of your ancestors will vary from record to record in Croatian. <br>
{| style="float:right; margin-right:200px"
|-
| style="padding-right:0px"|
|[[Image:Serbian and Croatian Alphabets.jpg|thumb|right|400px|<center>Serbian and Croatian Alphabets<center>]]
|}
''Alphabet''<br>
 
''Croatian Alphabetical Order''<br>
Aa Bb Cc Čč Ćć Dd


DŽdž Ðđ Ee Ff Gg
=== Additional Resources  ===


Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll LJlj
This word list includes words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a dictionary. Several dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 491.85321. See the "Encyclopedias and Dictionaries" section in this outline.<br>


Mm Nn NJnj Oo Pp Rr
The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers:


Ss Šš Tt Uu Vv Zz Žž
Additional dictionaries are listed in the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog under:


Glagolitic alphabet was used in Dalmatia until the early 19th century.
CROATIA - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES


''Language Characteristics''<br>
=== Key Words  ===


In Croatian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Croatian any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Croatian word. As you read Croatian records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list.
To find and use specific types of Croatian records, you will need to know some key words. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the BCS words with the same or similar meanings.  
 
*[http://www.croatianhistory.net/etf/et03.html Croatian Glagolitic Script]
 
''Key Words''<br>
 
To find and use specific types of Croatian records, you will need to know some keywords. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the BCS words with the same or similar meanings.  


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==References==
=== Word List  ===
 
Following is the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) Word List. This word list was formerly known as the Serbo-Croatian Word List.
 
The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language is a South Slavic diasystem. Serbo-Croatian was standardized as a single language during the era of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991. During this period Serbo-Croatian was one of the three official languages, alongside Macedonian and Slovenian. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Serbo-Croatian language broke into its constituent parts, with Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian becoming distinctly recognized languages. Currently in Montenegro there is a movement to have Montenegrin recognized as its own language, as well.
 
Following list contains BCS words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a dictionary.
 
<gallery>
Image:word list pg1.png|Wird List pg.1
Image:word list pg2.png|Word List pg.2
</gallery>


[[Category:Croatia]][[Category:Language and Handwriting]][[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Croatia]]

Revision as of 07:58, 12 October 2009

Back to Croatia Portal Page►

Most materials used in Croatian research are written in Croatian. You do not need to speak or read Croatian to do research in Croatian records, but you should know some key words and phrases to understand the records. Because the Roman Catholic Church was the predominant religion in Croatia, many records are in Latin. Other languages in Croatian records include Hungarian and Italian.

Croatian grammar may affect the way names appear in genealogical records. For example, names of your ancestors will vary from record to record in Croatian.

For help in understanding name variations, see the “Names, Personal” section in this outline.

Alphabet[edit | edit source]

Croatian Alphabetical Order

Aa Bb Cc Čč Ćć Dd DŽ dž Ðđ Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll LJ lj Mm Nn NJ nj Oo Pp Rr Ss Šš Tt Uu Vv Zz Žž

Language Aids[edit | edit source]

The Family History Library has Hungarian, Latin and Italian genealogical word lists.

The following books and dictionaries can also aid you in your research. You can find these and similar material at many research libraries:

Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]

In Croatian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who-whose-whom or marry-marries- married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In Croatian any word may change, depending on usage. This word list gives the standard form of each Croatian word. As you read Croatian records, you will need to be aware that most words vary with usage. The endings of words in a document will often differ from what you find in this list.

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

This word list includes words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a dictionary. Several dictionaries are available at the Family History Library in the European collection. Their call numbers begin with 491.85321. See the "Encyclopedias and Dictionaries" section in this outline.

The following dictionary is available on microfilm for use in Family History Centers:

Additional dictionaries are listed in the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog under:

CROATIA - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES

Key Words[edit | edit source]

To find and use specific types of Croatian records, you will need to know some key words. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the BCS words with the same or similar meanings.

English Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian
age doba starosti, vijek
baptism krštenje, krst
birth rodjenje, rođenje, rođeni
bride mlada, nevjesta, nevesta, mladenka
burial/funeral pogreb
Catholic katolički
census popis (popis duša - census of souls)
child dijete, dete, djeteta, deteta
christening (see baptism)
confirmation potvrda
day dan
death smrt
engagement vjeridba, veridba
father otac, oca
godfather kum
godmother kuma
groom mladoženja
husband suprug, muž
index indeks
Jewish židovski
marriage brak, (of man) ženidba, (of woman) udaja
marriage banns oziv
marriage ceremony vjenčanje, vjenčani
marry, to (for man) ženiti (se), oženiti (se)
marry, to (for woman) udavati (se), udaje (se), udati (se)
month mjesec, mesec
mother majka
name, given ime, imenovanje
name, surname prezime
parents roditelji
parish župa, parohija
Protestant protestantski
residence mjesto, mesto, stanovanja
spouse bracni drug
week sedmica, tjedan, tjedna, nedelja
widow udovica
widower udovac, udovca
wife supruga, žena
year godina

Word List[edit | edit source]

Following is the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS) Word List. This word list was formerly known as the Serbo-Croatian Word List.

The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language is a South Slavic diasystem. Serbo-Croatian was standardized as a single language during the era of Yugoslavia, from 1918 to 1991. During this period Serbo-Croatian was one of the three official languages, alongside Macedonian and Slovenian. Following the breakup of Yugoslavia, the Serbo-Croatian language broke into its constituent parts, with Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian becoming distinctly recognized languages. Currently in Montenegro there is a movement to have Montenegrin recognized as its own language, as well.

Following list contains BCS words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a dictionary.

  • Wird List pg.1

    Wird List pg.1

  • Word List pg.2

    Word List pg.2

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