German Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Word List]] (34077).
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==Introduction==


This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, simultaneously pressing CTRL and F (Command and F, if on a Mac) will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary, the online [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de/DWB Grimm Deutsches Wörterbuch] (one of the best sources), or other regional online dictionaries found at [http://www.woerterbuchnetz.de woerterbuchnetz.de]. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the [[Latin Genealogical Word List|Latin Genealogical Word List]] (34077).  
German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.  


German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czechia, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch. You may find the [[Dutch Genealogical Word List|Dutch Genealogical Word List]] useful when working with these records.  
In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.  


In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.
=== Language Characteristics  ===


==Language Characteristics==
German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.


German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), all three of which translate as "the." Word endings may vary depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.
'''Variant Forms of Words'''


===Variant Forms of Words===
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  
In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list focuses on the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.  


The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little"; when one of these suffixes is added, the vowel usually changes slightly. Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son" (Sohn = son) and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter" (Tochter = daughter).
The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."  


Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man), "junges Mädchen" (young maiden), or "junge Frau" (young woman) if a man, maiden, and woman are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  
Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.  


Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  
Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.  


In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words together. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words: Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).  
 
===Dialects===
Germany has a range of different dialects. These can be grouped into two main groups: Low German spoken in the northern lowlands of Germany, and High German spoken in the more mountainous south. Traditional dialects form a continuum as opposed to sharp charges, with dialects slowing becoming more "Low German" as one moves towards the north. Dutch dialects can be viewed as a continuation of this continuum. 


High German has become the most "standard" dialect of German. See these wiki articles for specific information on Low German: [[Low German Language in German Research]], [[The Dialect Basis of Spelling Variation in German Surnames]], [[Spelling Variants in the Northern Rheinland]].
=== Diacritic Marks  ===


==Diacritic Marks==
Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  
 
German uses diacritics over several letters, i.e. Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü). These diacritics are not optional in German because the pronunciation and meaning of a word will be changed depending on whether the diacritic is added or omitted. There is another symbol that will be found in German, namely ß.  It has the value of <ss>. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today has been replaced with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).  


For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  
For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.  


From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations.  Make sure the '''''number lock''''' is on.
From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''  
| width="25%" |'''Letter'''
| width="25%" | '''Letter'''  
| width="25%" |'''Code'''
| width="25%" | '''Code'''
|-
|-
|Ä
| Ä  
|Alt + 142
| Alt + 0196
|ä
| ä  
|Alt + 132
| Alt + 0228
|-
|-
|Ö
| Ö  
|Alt + 153
| Alt + 0214
|ö
| ö  
|Alt + 148
| Alt + 0246
|-
|-
|Ü
| Ü  
|Alt + 154
| Alt + 0220
|ü
| ü  
|Alt + 129
| Alt + 0252
|-
|-
|ß
| ß  
|Alt + 225
| Alt + 0223
|  
| &nbsp;
|  
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
|Ÿ
| Ÿ  
|Alt + 376
| Alt + 0159
|ÿ
| ÿ  
|Alt + 152
| Alt + 0255
|}
|}
On a Linux system it is possible to use a control combination with the Unicode code for the characters.  Using the '''left''' Ctrl and Shift keys and the U key at the same time, then type the code and hit Enter.  For example, left Ctrl-Shift-U then c then 4 then enter will produce Ä, Ctrl-Shift-U then dc is Ü, and so on.  For a complete list of codes, reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unicode_characters.


==Alphabetical Order==
=== Alphabetical Order ===


German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  
German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.  


==Spelling==
=== Spelling ===


Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records, and a person's name may show up spelled in numerous ways in various records (sometimes even within a single record). In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  
Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:  


*p used for b
*p used for b  
*a used for e
*a used for e  
*t used for d or dt
*t used for d or dt  
*s used for z
*s used for z  
*ck used for k
*ck used for k  
*y used for i or j
*y used for i or j  
*v used for w or f
*v used for w or f  
*k used for g
*k used for g  
*tz used for z
*tz used for z  
*ig used for isch or ich
*ig used for isch or ich  
*t used for th
*t used for th  
*u used for i
*u used for i


Examples:  
Examples:  


*Freytag for Freitag
*Freytag for Freitag  
*Burckhart for Burkhard
*Burckhart for Burkhard  
*Waldpurga for Waldburga
*Waldpurga for Waldburga  
*undt for und
*undt for und


== Transcription ==
=== Additional Resources ===
 
In transcriptions of German handwriting some errors are prevalent:
 
*n transcribed u or w
*e transcribed n or r
*r transcribed s
*Z transcribed F, G, J, or L
*z transcribed g or y
 
== Transliteration ==
 
Transliteration between languages (especially in personal names) is seen as a result of migration and due to the geographical proximity of languages. The German letters s and z are notably affected. As such, e.g., a German name containing the letter s is likely to appear with the letters sz in Hungarian.
 
* German s = Hungarian sz
* German sh = Hungarian s
* German z = Hungarian cz = Dutch s


==Additional Resources==
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  
 
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the FamilySearch Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.  


Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  
Particularly helpful dictionaries include:  


*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FS Library book 433.21 Sp83n).
*''Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages''. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).


*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FS Library book 433.211 C272 1971).
*''The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German''. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).


*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
*''Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms''. German and Latin terms are included at this [http://www.antiquusmorbus.com/ website].
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*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].
*''Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary")'' is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking [http://www.dwb.uni-trier.de/ here].


*''[http://www.kruenitz1.uni-trier.de/ Oeconomische Encyclopädie online]'' Encyclopedia of archaic German terms (German to German).
Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  


Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.
'''A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:'''


*[https://script.byu.edu/german-handwriting/introduction BYU Script German Tutorials]
[https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Germany,_Saxony,_Freiberg_Funeral_Sermons_%28FamilySearch_Historical_Records%29 Germany, Saxony, Freiberg Funeral Sermons (FamilySearch Historical Records)]


For resources showing how any name or word looks written in the old German script, see Language Aids at [[Germany Languages]].


==Key Words==
 
=== Key Words ===


To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.  
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{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''English'''
| width="25%" | '''English'''  
|'''German'''
| '''German'''
|-
|-
|birth
| birth  
|Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
|-
|-
|burial
| burial  
|Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
|-
|-
|Catholic
| Catholic  
|katholisch
| katholisch
|-
|-
|census
| child
|Volkszählung
| Kind, Kinder
|-
|-
|child
| christening
|Kind, Kinder
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
|-
|christening
| confirmations
|Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
|-
|confirmations
| civil registry
|Konfirmationen, Firmungen
| Standesamt
|-
|-
|civil registry
| death
|Standesamt
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
|-
|death
| father
|Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
| Vater
|-
|-
|father
| husband
|Vater
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
|-
|husband
| index
|Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
| Verzeichnis, Register
|-
|-
|index
| Jewish
|Verzeichnis, Register
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
|-
|Jewish
| marriage banns
|jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
|-
|marriage banns
| marriage  
|Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
|-
|marriage
| month
|Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
| Monat
|-
|-
|month
| mother
|Monat
| Mutter
|-
|-
|mother
| name, given
|Mutter
| Vorname, Name
|-
|-
|name, given
| name, surname
|Vorname, Name
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
|-
|name, surname
| parents
|Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
| Eltern
|-
|-
|parents
| parish
|Eltern
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
|-
|parish
| Protestant
|Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
|-
|Protestant
| Reformed
|evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
| reformiert
|-
|-
|Reformed
| wife
|reformiert
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|-
|-
|wife
| year  
|Frau, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Weib, Eheweib, Gattin, Ehegattin
| Jahr
|-
|year
|Jahr
|}
|}


==Dates/Time==
=== Numbers  ===


In German records, dates are often written out. For example:
{| width="100%" border="1"
 
|-
Freitag den vierzehnten Februar achtzehnhundert sechs und dreißig [Friday, the 14th of February, eighteen hundred six and thirty (1836)].
| width="15%" | '''Number'''
 
| '''Cardinal'''
To understand German dates, use the following lists as well as the “Numbers” section on this wiki page.
| '''Ordinal'''
 
|-
===Months===
| 1
 
| eins
{|
| erste
|-
| 2
| zwei
| zweite
|-
|-
|'''English'''
| 3
|'''German'''
| drei<br>dreÿ
| dritte
|-
|-
|January
| 4
|Januar, Jänner, Hartung, Jenner
| vier
| vierte
|-
|-
|February
| 5
|Februar, Hornung
| fünf
| fünfte
|-
|-
|March
| 6
|März, Frühlingsmonat
| sechs
| sechste
|-
|-
|April
| 7
|April, Ostermonat, Osteren
| sieben
| siebte
|-
|-
|May
| 8
|Mai, Wonnemonat, Blütemonat
| acht
| achte
|-
|-
|June
| 9
|Juni, Brachmonat
| neun
| neunte
|-
|-
|July
| 10
|Juli, Heuert, Heumonat, Heuet
| zehn
| zehnte
|-
|-
|August
| 11
|August, Erntemonat, Hitzmonat
| elf
| elfte
|-
|-
|September
| 12
|September, Fruchtmonat, Herbstmonat, Herpsten, 7ber, 7bris
| zwölf
| zwölfte
|-
|-
|October
| 13
|Oktober, Weinmonat, 8ber, 8bris
| dreizehn
| dreizehnte
|-
|-
|November
| 14
|November, Wintermonat, 9ber, 9bris
| vierzehn
| vierzehnte
|-
|-
|December
| 15
|Dezember, Christmonat, 10ber, 10bris, Xber, Xbris
| fünfzehn
|}
| fünfzehnte
 
A more extensive list of [[Month Names in German|month names in German]].
 
===Days of the Week===
 
{|
|-
|-
|'''English'''
| 16
|  
| sechzehn
|'''German'''
| sechzehnte
|-
|-
|Sunday
| 17
|  
| siebzehn
|Sonntag
| siebzehnte
|-
|-
|Monday
| 18
|  
| achtzehn
|Montag
| achtzehnte
|-
|-
|Tuesday
| 19
|  
| neunzehn
|Dienstag
| neunzehnte
|-
|-
|Wednesday
| 20
|  
| zwanzig
|Mittwoch
| zwanzigste
|-
|-
|Thursday
| 21
|  
| einundzwanzig
|Donnerstag
| einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|Friday
| 22
|  
| zweiundzwanzig
|Freitag, Freytag
| zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|Saturday
| 23
|  
| dreiundzwanzig
|Samstag, Sonnabend
| dreiundzwanzigste
|}
|-
 
| 24
See also:
| vierundzwanzig
 
| vierundzwanzigste
*[[Week Day Symbols|Special symbols used for week days]].
|-
 
| 25
<br>
| fünfundzwanzig
 
| fünfundzwanzigste
===Times of the Day===
|-
 
| 26
German birth and death records often indicated the exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written out.
| sechsundzwanzig
 
| sechsundzwanzigste
{|
|-
|'''German'''
| 27
|'''English'''
| siebenundzwanzig
| siebenundzwanzigste
|-
| 28
| achtundzwanzig
| achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|ein Uhr
| 29
|one (o’clock)
| neunundzwanzig
| neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|zwei Uhr
| 30
|two (o’clock)
| dreißig
| dreißigste
|-
|-
|drei Uhr
| 31
|three (o’clock)
| einunddreißig
| einunddreißigste
|-
|-
|halb eins
| 40
|half one = 12:30
| vierzig
| vierzigste
|-
|-
|halb zwei
| 50
|half two = 1:30
| fünfzig
| fünfzigste
|-
|-
|halbe Stunde
| 60
|half hour
| sechzig
| sechzigste
|-
|-
|Stunde
| 70
|hour
| siebzig
| siebzigste
|-
|-
|früh
| 80
|early (a.m.)
| achtzig
| achtzigste
|-
|-
|spät
| 90
|late (p.m.)
| neunzig
| neunzigste
|-
|-
|morgens
| 100
|in the morning
| (ein)hundert
| (ein)hundertste
|-
|-
|vormittags
| 101
|in the forenoon
| (ein)hunderteins
| (ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
|mittags
| 102
|at noon
| (ein)hundertzwei
| (ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
|nachmittags
| 120
|in the afternoon
| (ein)hundertzwanzig
| (ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
|abends
| 121
|in the evening
| (ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
| (ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|mitternachts
| 122
|at midnight
| (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
| (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|Diesen tag
| 200
|this (very) day, today
| zweihundert
| zweihundertste
|-
|-
| 300
| dreihundert
| dreihundertste
|}
|}


===Symbols===
=== General Word List  ===


Sometimes a symbol is used in German genealogical sources rather than abbreviations. Some of these are shown at [http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Genealogische_Symbole_und_Zeichen GenWiki, Genealogical Symbols and Signs].  
Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.  


<br>
==== A  ====
 
==Occupations==
*[[Media:German Occupations Vocabulary.pdf|German Occupations Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://www.ahnenforschung-benz.de/gewerbe.htm Berufe und Sozialstatus der Vorfahren] In German.<br>An excellent analysis of historical German occupations and social status.<br>'''Hint:''' Use a web-based translator or translator/browser like Chrome to see this in passable English.
 
==Medical Terminology==
*[[Media:Illnesses Vocabulary-Kurrent-german.pdf|Illnesses Vocabulary handout]]
*[http://wiki-de.genealogy.net/Kategorie:Krankheitsbezeichnung German Medical Terminology] - includes historical illnesses and medical terms
 
==Numbers==


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="15%" |'''Number'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''Cardinal (English)'''
| '''English'''
|'''Cardinal (German)'''
|'''Ordinal (German)'''
|-
|-
|1
| A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
|one
| government office, official district
|eins
|erste
|-
|-
|2
| Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
|two
| surface mine(s)
|zwei<br>zweÿ
|zweite
|-
|-
|3
| Abt. = Abteilung
|three
| department
|drei<br>dreÿ
|dritte
|-
|-
|4
| a/d = an der, auf der
|four
| on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
|vier
|vierte
|-
|-
|5
| A.G. = Amtsgericht
|five
| lower court, county court
|fünf
|fünfte
|-
|-
|6
| Anh. = Anhalt
|six
| duchy
|sechs
|sechste
|-
|-
|7
| ab
|seven
| from, since
|sieben
|siebte
|-
|-
|8
| Abbauer
|eight
| tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
|acht
|achte
|-
|-
|9
| Abdecker
|nine
| skinner
|neun
|neunte
|-
|-
|10
| Abend
|ten
| evening
|zehn
|zehnte
|-
|-
|11
| Abendmahlgast
|eleven
| communicant
|elf<br>eilf
|elfte<br>eilfte
|-
|-
|12
| abends
|twelve
| in the evening
|zwölf
|zwölfte
|-
|-
|13
| Abenteurer
|thirteen
| jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
|dreizehn
|dreizehnte
|-
|-
|14
| aber
|fourteen
| but
|vierzehn
|vierzehnte
|-
|-
|15
| abgestorben
|fifteen
| deceased
|fünfzehn
|fünfzehnte
|-
|-
|16
| Ablader
|sixteen
| longshoreman
|sechzehn
|sechzehnte
|-
|-
|17
| Abnahmemann
|seventeen
| retired farmer on life estate
|siebzehn
|siebzehnte
|-
|-
|18
| Abnehmer
|eighteen
| photographer
|achtzehn
|achtzehnte
|-
|-
|19
| Abschiedsmann
|nineteen
| man retired on life estate
|neunzehn
|neunzehnte
|-
|-
|20
| absterben
|twenty
| to die, to die off
|zwanzig
|zwanzigste
|-
|-
|21
| Abstreifer
|twenty-one
| renderer; flayer
|einundzwanzig
|einundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|22
| Abzehrung
|twenty-two
| emaciation, wasting
|zweiundzwanzig
|zweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|23
| acht
|twenty-three
| eight
|dreiundzwanzig
|dreiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|24
| achte
|twenty-four
| eighth
|vierundzwanzig
|vierundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|25
| Achter
|twenty-five
| juryman
|fünfundzwanzig
|fünfundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|26
| achtundzwanzigste
|twenty-six
| twenty-eighth
|sechsundzwanzig
|sechsundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|27
| achtzehn
|twenty-seven
| eighteen
|siebenundzwanzig
|siebenundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|28
| achtzehnhundert
|twenty-eight
| eighteen hundred
|achtundzwanzig
|achtundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|29
| achtzehnte
|twenty-nine
| eighteenth
|neunundzwanzig
|neunundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|30
| achtzig
|thirty
| eighty
|dreißig
|dreißigste
|-
|-
|31
| achtzigste
|thirty-one
| eightieth
|einunddreißig
|einunddreißigste
|-
|-
|40
| Ackermann
|forty
| farmer
|vierzig
|vierzigste
|-
|-
|50
| Adel
|fifty
| gentry, nobleman
|fünfzig
|fünfzigste
|-
|-
|60
| a.D. = außer Dienst
|sixty
| formerly employed, retired
|sechzig
|sechzigste
|-
|-
|70
| adoptiert
|seventy
| adopted
|siebzig
|siebzigste
|-
|-
|80
| Ahnen
|eighty
| ancestors
|achtzig
|achtzigste
|-
|-
|90
| Ahnentafel
|ninety
| pedigree chart
|neunzig
|neunzigste
|-
|-
|100
| Akten
|one hundred
| documents
|(ein)hundert
|(ein)hundertste
|-
|-
|101
| alle
|one hundred (and) one
| all
|(ein)hunderteins
|(ein)hunderterste
|-
|-
|102
| allhier
|one hundred (and) two
| in this place
|(ein)hundertzwei
|(ein)hundertzweite
|-
|-
|120
| alt
|one hundred (and) twenty
| old
|(ein)hundertzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzwanzigste
|-
|-
|121
| Altbürger
|one hundred (and) twenty-one
| full citizen
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzig
|(ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|122
| Alter
|one hundred (and) twenty-two
| age
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig
|(ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
|-
|-
|200
| Altersschwäche
|two hundred
| weakness of old age
|zweihundert
|zweihundertste
|-
|-
|300
| ältest
|three hundred
| eldest
|dreihundert
|dreihundertste
|-
|-
|1.000
| alt-katholisch
|one thousand
| old Catholic
|(ein)tausend
|(ein)tausendste
|-
|-
|1.001
| Amman
|one thousand (and) one
| bailiff, magistrate
|(ein)tausendeins
|(ein)tausenderste
|-
|-
|1.002
| Amt
|one thousand (and) two
| office, district
|(ein)tausendzwei
|(ein)tausendzweite
|-
|-
|1.050
| Anbauer
|one thousand (and) fifty
| peasant
|(ein)tausendfünfzig
|(ein)tausendfünfzigste
|-
|-
|1.100
| andere
|one thousand (and) one hundred<br>eleven hundred
| other, next
|(ein)tausendeinhundert
|(ein)tausendeinhundertste
|-
|-
|1.500<br>1500
| Angeber
|one thousand (and) five hundred<br>fifteen hundred
| informant
|(ein)tausendfünfhundert<br>fünfzehnhundert<br>Fünfzehnjahrhundert (1400s century)
|(ein)tausendfünfhundertste<br>fünfzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.600<br>1600
| angeblich
|one thousand (and) six hundred<br>sixteen hundred
| alleged, assumed
|(ein)tausendsechshundert<br>sechzehnhundert<br>Sechzehnjahrhundert (1500s century)
|(ein)tausendsechshundertste<br>sechzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.700<br>1700
| Anhalt
|one thousand (and) seven hundred<br>seventeen hundred
| duchy
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundert<br>siebzehnhundert<br>Siebzehnjahrhundert (1600s century)
|(ein)tausendsiebenhundertste<br>siebzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.800<br>1800
| Anmerkungen
|one thousand (and) eight hundred<br>eighteen hundred
| remarks
|(ein)tausendachthundert<br>achtzehnhundert<br>Achtzehnjahrhundert (1700s century)
|(ein)tausendachthundertste<br>achtzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|1.865<br>1865
| Anspänner
|one thousand, eight hundred, (and) sixty-five<br>eighteen sixty-five
| farmer
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzig<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzig<br>actzehnhundert sechzig fünf (rarely in old documents)
|(ein)tausendachthundertfünfundsechzigste<br>achtzehnhundertfünfundsechzigste
|-
|-
|1.900<br>1900
| apostolisch
|one thousand (and) nine hundred<br>nineteen hundred
| Apostolic
|(ein)tausendneunhundert<br>neunzehnhundert<br>Neunzehnjahrhundert (1800s century)
|(ein)tausendneunhundertste<br>neunzehnhundertste
|-
|-
|2.000<br>2000
| April
|two thousand
| April
|zweitausend<br>zwanzighundert<br>Zwanzigjahrhundert (1900s century)
|zweitausendste<br>zwanzighundertste
|-
|-
|10.000
| Arbeiter
|ten thousand
| laborer, worker
|zehntausend
|zehntausendste
|-
|-
|100.000
| Archiv
|one hundred thousand
| archive
|hunderttausend
|hunderttausendste
|-
|-
|1.000.000
| arm
|one million
| poor
|eine Million
|millionste
|-
|-
|1.000.000.000
| Armut
|one billion
| poverty
|eine Millarde
|milliardste
|}
 
==Types of Farmers==
 
There are many different words meaning "farmer" in German. Most of these words explain what type of farmer a person is.
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Arzt
|'''English'''
| physician
|-
|-
|Abbauer
| auch
|farmer on a section split off from the original farm, perhaps a later-born son
| also, too
|-
|-
|Abnahmemann
| auf
|retired farmer living on a life estate
| on, upon, at
|-
|-
|Abschiedsmann
| aufbieten
|retired farmer living on a life estate
| post banns
|-
|-
|Achtelbauer
| Aufenthaltserlaubnis
|farmer with 1/8 farm
| residence permit
|-
|-
|Achtelhüfner
| Aufenthaltsort
|farmer with 1/8 farm
| residence
|-
|-
|Achtermann
| Aufgebot
|farmer on a farm behind one's own
| publication of banns
|-
|-
|Ackerbauer
| Aufnahmebuch
|farmer
| book listing debts
|-
|-
|Ackerbürger
| Aufnahmeland
|farmer
| country to which one immigrated
|-
|-
|Ackerer
| August
|farmer
| August
|-
|-
|Ackerknecht
| aus
|farmhand
| from, out of
|-
|-
|Ackersmann
| außen
|farmer
| outside
|-
|-
|Ackerwirt, Ackerwirth
| äußere
|farmer
| outside, outward, external
|-
|-
|Altbauer
| außerehelich
|old, established farmer, possibly retired
| illegitimate
|-
|-
|Altenteiler, Ausgedinger, Ausdinger
| Auswanderer
|retired farmer
| emigrant
|-
|-
|Altenteilerin
| Auswanderung
|retired farmer's wife
| emigration
|-
|-
|Althufner, Althüfner
| Ausweis
|retired farmer
| identification document
|-
|-
|Altsitzer(in)
| Auszehrung
|retired farmer
| consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
|-
|-
|Amtsmeier
| Auszug
|farmer with a large estate and special rights
| extract
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== B  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Anbauer
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|small farmer
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Anspänner
| B. = Bezirk
|farmer who owns draft animals (horses, oxen) and a wagon
| district or area
|-
|-
|Aröder
| BA. = Bezirksamt
|new settler on farmland belonging to an estate
| district office
|-
|-
|Artmann
| Bay. = Bayern
|farmer
| Bavaria
|-
|-
|Artmeier
| Bd. = Band
|farmer
| volume
|-
|-
|Auenhäusler
| Bhf. = Bahnhof
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
| railroad station
|-
|-
|Ausdinger
| Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
|retired farmer
| military district command
|-
|-
|Auszügler
| bz. = beziehungsweise
|retired farmer
| or, respectively
|-
|-
|Bäuerle, Bauerli
| Bäcker
|farmer (Swiss)
| baker
|-
|-
|Bauer
| Bad
|peasant, farmer on a full-sized farm
| spa, resort
|-
|-
|Bauernknecht
| Badeort
|farmhand
| spa, health resort
|-
|-
|Bauknecht
| Band
|farmhand
| volume
|-
|-
|Baumann
| Baptist
|farmer, can also be a builder
| Baptist
|-
|-
|Beerbter
| Baron
|farmer with an inheritable lease
| baron
|-
|-
|Behandinge
| Bauer
|feudal tenure on a farm
| farmer, peasant
|-
|-
|Beibauer
| Bayern
|farmer on a new farm, officially recognized, but with few privileges
| Bavaria
|-
|-
|Beisasse
| Beamter
|landless renter without citizen rights in the community
| official, registrar
|-
|-
|Beiwohner
| Beck(er)
|rental inhabitant without citizenship
| baker
|-
|-
|Beständer
| beerdigt
|farmer on a small farm
| buried
|-
|-
|Bestanderlasser
| Beerdigung
|landlord over a small farm
| burial, interment
|-
|-
|Bestandwirt
| beglaubigt
|farmer leasing farm land
| certified, attested
|-
|-
|Bödener
| begraben
|cottager, free villager with a small house, garden, and some livestock
| buried
|-
|-
|Bolsmann, Bohlsmann
| Begräbnis
|farmer with a full-sized farm
| burial
|-
|-
|Brinker
| Beichte
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
| confession
|-
|-
|Brinkkötter
| beide
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
| both
|-
|-
|Brinklieger
| Beilage
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
| supplement
|-
|-
|Brinkmann
| Bekannte(r)
|cottager, see Brinksitzer
| acquaintance
|-
|-
|Brinksitzer
| Bekehrung
|cottager, his property situated on a grassy hill (Brink) on the outskirts
| conversion
|-
|-
|Büdner
| Belege
|cottager, small-scale farmer, could also have a small shop
| proof, documentation
|-
|-
|Buhmann, Bumann
| Bemerkungen
|farmer
| remarks
|-
|-
|Buschpächter
| Berg
|tenant farmer who clears the land, then farms it (Eastern Pomerania)
| hill, mountain
|-
|-
|Chalupner, Challupner
| Bergmann
|small-scale farmer [often used in Czech records]
| miner
|-
|-
|Dotale, Dotalbauer
| Beruf
|farmer who leases church-income property
| occupation, profession
|-
|-
|Eigengärtner
| Beschreibung
|cottager with a garden of his own
| description
|-
|-
|Eigenkäthner
| Besitzer
|cottager with a garden of his own
| possessor, proprietor, owner
|-
|-
|Eigenkötter
| bestätigt
|cottager with a garden of his own
| confirmed, verified
|-
|-
|Einlieger
| bestattet
|free agricultural laborer
| buried
|-
|-
|Einspänner
| bettlägerig
|farmer with one horse
| bedridden
|-
|-
|Erbbauer
| Bettler
|farmer on a full-sized farm with inherited lease rights
| beggar
|-
|-
|Erbpächter
| Bevölkerungsregister
|farmer with a hereditary land lease
| population register
|-
|-
|Exner
| bevorstehend
|poorer farmer who used oxen
| previously mentioned
|-
|-
|Feuerstättler
| Bezirk
|cottager (whose dwelling has a fireplace)
| district
|-
|-
|Freibauer
| Biographie
|free farmer with only small rent payments
| biography
|-
|-
|Freigärtner
| Bischof
|free farmer
| bishop
|-
|-
|Fröhner
| Bistum
|subject performing unpaid labor for the lord of the land (as part of the taxation system)
| diocese
|-
|-
|Gärtner
| Blattern
|farmer
| smallpox
|-
|-
|Ganzlechner, Ganzlehner
| blutend
|farmer who leases a standard-sized farm
| bleeding
|-
|-
|Gesinde
| Blütenmonat
|male or female hired help on a farm
| May
|-
|-
|Häker, Häcker
| Blutsverwandschaft
|small farmer (lower-class subject) who must perform unpaid labor for the landlord as part of his obligations
| blood relationship
|-
|-
|Halblechner, Halblehner
| Böhmen
|farmer who leases half of a standard-sized farm
| Bohemia
|-
|-
|Heuerling
| Bootsmann
|day laborer
| bargeman, boatman
|-
|-
|Hofer
| Böttcher
|farmer
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|Hofgänger
| Brauer
|farmhand
| brewer
|-
|-
|Hofmann
| Bräune
|farmer
| diptheria
|-
|-
|Hofstädtler
| Braut
|farmer
| bride
|-
|-
|Hofwirth
| Bräutigam
|farmer
| bridegroom
|-
|-
|Hoppenplöcker
| Brücke
|farmer who is obligated to do “hand service” (in Lippe)
| bridge
|-
|-
|Hortulanus
| Bruder
|farmer (Latin)
| brother
|-
|-
|Huber
| Bub
|farmer
| boy
|-
|-
|Hübler
| Buch
|farmer; expression comes from “Hube”
| book
|-
|-
|Hüttler, Hitler
| Büdner
|cottager
| cottager
|-
|-
|Inlieger
| Burg
|tenant farmer
| castle, fortress
|-
|-
|Inste, Instmann
| Bürger
|tenant farmer
| burgher, citizen, citizens
|-
|-
|Interimswirt, Interimswirth
| Bürgerbuch
|farmer who marries into a farm by marrying the widow or heiress
| citizen register
|-
|-
|Kätner, Käthner, Köthner
| Bürgermeister
|cottager with a small house and a garden of his own, perhaps some livestock
| mayor
|-
|-
|Kampheuerling
| Büttner
|tenant of a farm belonging to nobility
| barrel maker
|-
|}
|Kirchdotale
 
|farmer who leases church-income property
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== C  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| ca. = circa
| about
|-
|-
|Kitzmann
| Chirug
|rents from a farmer
| surgeon
|-
|-
|Knecht
| Christmonat
|farmhand
| December
|-
|-
|Kölmer
| Colonist
|farmer who is "half free"
| settler, tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Köter, Kötter
| Comparent
|cottager
| informant
|-
|-
|Kolon
| copulieren
|farmer on a farm with hereditary tithe
| to marry
|-
|-
|Kolonist
| Cossate, Cossathe
|new settler in the area; most, but not all, were farmers
| cottager
|-
|-
|Kolupner
| cribrarius
|cottager; see Chal(l)upner
| sieve maker (Latin)
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== D  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Kossate, Kossäth
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|cottager
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Kotsass, Kotasse
| d. = der, dem, des, die, das
|cottager
| the
|-
|-
|Landmann
| D. = Dorf
|farmer
| village
|-
|-
|Lehner
| das. = daselbst
|farmer who leases a farm
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
|Magd
| Dachdecker
|female helper on a farm
| roofer
|-
|-
|Meyer
| dänisch
|farmer, farm overseer, manager
| Danish
|-
|-
|Ochsner
| das
|poorer farmer who used oxen
| the
|-
|-
|Ökonom
| daselbst
|farmer
| residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
|-
|-
|Pachtbauer
| Datum
|farmer who leases his land (often an inheritable lease)
| date
|-
|-
|Päger
| Dekanat
|farmer who ploughs with horses
| deanery
|-
|-
|Pfarrdotale
| dem, den
|farmer who leases church-income property
| the
|-
|-
|Robotgärtner
| der
|unfree farmer/farm laborer
| the, of the
|-
|-
|Rössner
| derselbe
|farmer who ploughed with horses
| the same
|-
|-
|Scharknecht
| des
|farmhand
| of the
|-
|-
|Söldner
| deutsch
|farmer who farmed on a small section of land called a “Sölde”; or a mercenary soldier
| German
|-
|-
|Strassenkötter
| Deutschland
|cottager living by a road
| Germany
|-
|-
|Tagelöhner
| Dezember
|day laborer
| December
|-
|-
|Tagner
| die
|day laborer
| the
|-
|-
|Tauner, Thauner
| Diener
|day laborer
| servant
|-
|-
|Viertelbauer
| Dienst
|farmer on 1/4 farm
| service, employment
|-
|-
|Viertelhufner, Viertelhüfner
| Dienstag
|farmer on 1/4 farm
| Tuesday
|-
|-
|Viertellehner
| Dienstmagd
|farmer who leases a quarter of a standard-sized farm
| servant girl
|-
|-
|Vollbauer
| dieser
|farmer on a full-sized farm
| this, these
|-
|-
|Voll-lehner, Volllehner
| Distrikt
|farmer who leases a full farm
| district
|-
|-
|Vollmaier
| Domäne
|farmer on a full-sized farm
| domain
|-
|-
|Vollspänner
| Donnerstag
|farmer on a full-sized farm
| Thursday
|-
|-
|Weingärtner
| Dorf
|wine grower
| village
|-
|-
|Weingartknecht
| dort
|farmhand in a vineyard
| there
|-
|-
|Weinzettel
| drei
|farmhand in a vineyard
| three
|-
|-
|Widumer
| dreißig
|farmer settled on church property
| thirty
|-
|-
|Winzer
| dreißigste
|wine grower
| thirtieth
|-
|-
|Wirt, Wirth
| dreiundzwanzigste
|farmer
| twenty-third
|-
|-
|Zettelmann
| dreizehn
|farmhand
| thirteen
|-
|-
|Zweispänner
| dreizehnte
|farmer who owns two draft animals
| thirteenth
|-
| dritte
| third
|-
| Duplikat
| duplicate record
|-
| durch
| through
|-
| Durchfall
| diarrhea
|}
|}


==General Word List==
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.
==== E  ====
 
===A===


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk
| E. = Einwohner
|government office, official district
| residents, population
|-
|-
|Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e)
| Eis. = Eisenbahn
|surface mine(s)
| railroad, train
|-
|-
|(haben) abgebeten, abgebethen
| Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
|(have) performed penance, apologized, asked for pardon
| Evangelical (Lutheran)
|-
|-
|Abt. = Abteilung
| ebenda
|department
| at the same place
|-
|-
|a/d = an der, auf der
| Ehe
|on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
| marriage
|-
|-
|A.G. = Amtsgericht
| Ehebrecher
|lower court district, county court district
| adulterer
|-
|-
|Anh. = Anhalt
| Ehebruch
|duchy of Anhalt
| adultery
|-
|-
|ab
| Ehefrau
|from, since
| wife, housewife
|-
|-
|Abbauer
| Ehehindernis
|tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
| hinderance to marriage
|-
|-
|Abdecker
| ehel. = ehelich
|skinner
| legitimate
|-
|-
|Abend
| eheleiblich
|evening
| legitimate
|-
|-
|Abendmahlgast
| Eheleute
|communicant
| married couple
|-
|-
|abends
| ehelich
|in the evening
| legitimate
|-
|-
|Abenteurer
| ehemals
|jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
| formerly
|-
|-
|aber
| Ehemann
|but
| husband
|-
|-
|abgestorben
| Ehepaar
|deceased
| married couple
|-
|-
|Ablader
| Ehescheidung
|longshoreman
| divorce
|-
|-
|Abnahmemann
| Eheschließung
|retired farmer on life estate
| marriage
|-
|-
|Abnehmer
| Ehestand
|photographer
| married state
|-
|-
|Abschiedsmann
| Eheverkündigungen
|man retired on life estate
| marriage banns
|-
|-
|absterben
| Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
|to die, to die off
| betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
|Abstreifer
| Eidam (Eidmann)
|renderer; flayer
| son-in-law
|-
|-
|Abzehrung
| Eigentümer
|emaciation, wasting
| proprietor, property owner
|-
|-
|acht
| ein, eine
|eight
| a, one, an
|-
|-
|achte
| Einbürgerung
|eighth
| naturalization
|-
|-
|Achter
| Einlieger
|juryman
| landless farm laborer
|-
|-
|achtundzwanzigste
| eins
|twenty-eighth
| one
|-
|-
|achtzehn
| Einsender
|eighteen
| informant, declarant
|-
|-
|achtzehnhundert
| eintausendachthundert
|eighteen hundred
| eighteen hundred
|-
|-
|achtzehnte
| eintausendfünfhundert
|eighteenth
| fifteen hundred
|-
|-
|achtzig
| eintausendneunhundert
|eighty
| nineteen hundred
|-
|-
|achtzigste
| eintausendsechshundert
|eightieth
| sixteen hundred
|-
|-
|Ackermann
| eintausendsiebenhundert
|farmer
| seventeen hundred
|-
|-
|Adel
| einunddreissig
|gentry, nobleman
| thirty-one
|-
|-
|a.D. = außer Dienst
| einunddreissigste
|formerly employed, retired
| thirty-first
|-
|-
|adoptiert
| einundzwanzigste
|adopted
| twenty-first
|-
|-
|Ahnen
| Einwanderer
|ancestors
| immigrant
|-
|-
|Ahnentafel
| Einwanderung
|pedigree chart
| immigration
|-
|-
|Akten
| Einwilligung
|documents
| permission
|-
|-
|alle
| Einwohner
|all
| inhabitant
|-
|-
|allhier
| einzige
|in this place
| only
|-
|-
|alt
| Eisenbahn
|old
| railroad
|-
|-
|Altbürger
| Eiterbeule
|full citizen
| abscess
|-
|-
|Alter
| elf
|age
| eleven
|-
|-
|Altersschwäche
| elfte
|weakness of old age
| eleventh
|-
|-
|ältest
| Eltern
|eldest
| parents
|-
|-
|alt-katholisch
| Enkel
|old Catholic
| grandson
|-
|-
|Amman
| Enkelin
|bailiff, magistrate
| granddaughter
|-
|-
|Amt
| Enkelkind
|office, district
| grandchild
|-
|-
|Anbauer
| eod(em)
|peasant
| the same, ditto
|-
|-
|andere
| Epilepsie
|other, next
| epilepsy
|-
|-
|Angeber
| er
|informant
| he
|-
|-
|angeblich
| Erben
|alleged, assumed
| heirs
|-
|-
|angeheiratet
| Erbschaft
|related by marriage (stepson, stepdaughter)
| inheritance
|-
|-
|Anhalt
| erhalten
|duchy of Anhalt
| received, receive
|-
|-
|Anmerkungen
| erklärt
|remarks
| declared
|-
|-
|Ansiedler
| Erlassung
|settler
| dispensation, permission
|-
|-
|Anspänner
| Ermächtigung
|farmer
| authorization
|-
|-
|Anzeigender
| Ernting
|informant
| August
|-
|-
|apostolisch
| errechnet
|Apostolic
| approximated, calculated
|-
|-
|April
| erschien
|April
| appeared
|-
|-
|Arbeiter, Arbeitsmann
| erste
|laborer, worker
| first
|-
|-
|Arbeitsbuch
| erstgeboren
|employment record book
| firstborn
|-
|-
|Archiv
| ertrank, ertrunken
|archive
| drowned
|-
|-
|arm
| erzeugen
|poor
| beget
|-
|-
|Armut
| erzeugt
|poverty
| begat
|-
|-
|Arzt
| es
|physician
| it
|-
|-
|auch
| et uxor
|also, too
| and wife (Latin)
|-
|-
|auf
| evangelisch
|on, upon, at
| evangelical
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== F  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|aufbieten
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|post banns
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Aufenthaltserlaubnis
| Fabrikant
|residence permit
| manufacturer
|-
|-
|Aufenthaltsort
| Familie
|residence
| family
|-
|-
|Aufgebot
| Familienbuch
|publication of banns
| family register
|-
|-
|Aufnahmebuch
| Familienforschung
|book listing debts
| genealogical research
|-
|-
|Aufnahmeland
| Familienregister
|country to which one immigrated
| family register
|-
|-
|August
| Färber
|August
| dyer
|-
|-
|aus
| Faßbinder
|from, out of
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|außen
| Fäule
|outside
| cancer
|-
|-
|äußere
| Fayencenhändler
|outside, outward, external
| porcelain merchant
|-
|-
|außerehelich
| Februar
|illegitimate
| February
|-
|-
|Auswanderer
| Fehlgeburt
|emigrant
| miscarriage
|-
|-
|Auswanderung
| Festtag
|emigration
| feast day, festival day, holy day
|-
|-
|Ausweis
| Festung
|identification document
| fortress
|-
|-
|Auszehrung
| Fieber
|consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
| fever
|-
|-
|Auszug
| Findling
|extract
| foundling
|}
|-
 
| Firmung
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| confirmation
 
===B===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Fischer
|'''English'''
| fisher
|-
|-
|B. = Bezirk
| Fl. = Florin
|district or area
| standard monetary unit
|-
|-
|BA. = Bezirksamt
| Flecken
|district office
| hamlet, also measles or spots
|-
|-
|Bay. = Bayern
| Fleckfieber
|Bavaria
| spotted fever, typhus
|-
|-
|Bd. = Band
| Fleischer
|volume
| butcher
|-
|-
|Bhf. = Bahnhof
| Fleischhauer
|railroad station
| butcher
|-
|-
|Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando
| Flüchtling
|military district command
| refugee, deserter
|-
|-
|bz. = beziehungsweise
| Fluß
|or, respectively
| river
|-
|-
|Bäcker
| folgende
|baker
| following, next
|-
|-
|Bad
| Forst
|spa, resort
| forest
|-
|-
|Badeort
| Förster
|spa, health resort
| forester
|-
|-
|Bader
| Fourier
|physician of the lower classes
| quartermaster
|-
|-
|Band
| Fraisen
|volume
| convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
|-
|-
|Baptist
| Frankreich
|Baptist
| France
|-
|-
|Baron
| Frau
|baron
| Mrs., wife, woman
|-
|-
|Bauer
| Fräulein
|farmer, peasant
| Miss, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|Bayern
| Freibauer
|Bavaria
| farmer who owns his own land
|-
|-
|Beamter
| Freiherr
|official, registrar
| baron
|-
|-
|Beck(er)
| Freitag
|baker
| Friday
|-
|-
|beerdigt
| fremd
|buried
| foreign, strange
|-
|-
|Beerdigung
| Freund
|burial, interment
| friend
|-
|-
|beglaubigt
| Friedhof
|certified, attested
| cemetery
|-
|-
|begraben
| früh
|buried
| early (a.m.)
|-
|-
|Begräbnis
| früher
|burial
| former, formerly
|-
|-
|bei
| fünf
|at, in, by
| five
|-
|-
| fifth
|-
|-
|Beichte
| fünfundzwanzigste
|confession
| twenty-fifth
|-
|-
|beide
| fünfzehn
|both
| fifteen
|-
|-
|Beilage
| fünfzehnhundert
|supplement
| fifteen hundred
|-
|-
|Bekannte(r)
| fünfzehnte
|acquaintance
| fifteenth
|-
|-
|Bekehrung
| fünfzig
|conversion
| fifty
|-
|-
|Beklagter(in)
| fünfzigste
|defendant
| fiftieth
|-
|-
|Belege
| für
|proof, documentation
| for
|-
|-
|Bemerkungen
| Fürst
|remarks
| prince, count
|-
|-
|Berg
| Fürstentum
|hill, mountain
| principality
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== G  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Bergmann
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|miner
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Beruf
| G. = Gericht
|occupation, profession
| court
|-
|-
|Beschreibung
| geb. = geboren
|description
| born, maiden name
|-
|-
|Besitzer
| Gem. = Gemeinde
|possessor, proprietor, owner
| community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
|Bestandmüller
| gest. = gestorben
|mill tenant
| died
|-
|-
|bestätigt
| get. = getauft
|confirmed, verified
| baptized, christened
|-
|-
|bestattet
| Gr. = Groß
|buried
| Great (part of place name)
|-
|-
|bettlägerig
| Gärtner
|bedridden
| gardener
|-
|-
|Bettler
| Gastwirt
|beggar
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|Bevölkerungsregister
| Gatte
|population register
| husband
|-
|-
|bevorstehend
| Gattin
|previously mentioned
| wife
|-
|-
|Bezirk
| geben, gab
|district
| given, gave
|-
|-
|Biographie
| Gebiet
|biography
| region, area, zone
|-
|-
|Bischof
| geboren
|bishop
| born, maiden name
|-
|-
|Bistum
| Gebühren
|diocese
| fees
|-
|-
|Blattern
| Geburt
|smallpox
| birth
|-
|-
|blutend
| Geburtsort
|bleeding
| place of birth
|-
|-
|Blütenmonat
| Geburtsschein
|May
| birth certificate
|-
|-
|Blutsverwandschaft
| Geburtsurkunde
|blood relationship
| birth certificate
|-
|-
|Böhmen
| gegen
|Bohemia
| against, towards
|-
|-
|Bootsmann
| geheiratet
|bargeman, boatman
| married
|-
|-
|Böttcher
| gehört
|cooper, barrel maker
| belongs (to)
|-
|-
|Brauer
| Geistliche(r)
|brewer
| clergyman
|-
|-
|Bräune
| Gelbsucht
|diphtheria
| jaundice
|-
|-
|Braut
| Geld
|bride
| money
|-
|-
|Bräutigam
| Gemahl(in)
|bridegroom
| spouse, husband, wife
|-
|-
|Brücke
| Gemeinde
|bridge
| community, municipality, parish, town
|-
|-
|Bruder
| Gemeindemann
|brother
| village official, village resident
|-
|-
|Bub
| Gemeindsmann
|boy
| citizen with full rights
|-
|-
|Buch
| gemelli
|book
| twins
|-
|-
|Büdner
| genannt
|cottager
| named, alias, called
|-
|-
|Burg
| Genealogie
|castle, fortress
| genealogy
|-
|-
|Bürger
| Gerber
|burgher, citizen, citizens
| tanner
|-
|-
|Bürgerbuch
| Gericht
|citizen register
| court
|-
|-
|Bürgermeister
| Gerichtsmann
|mayor
| juryman
|-
|-
|Büroangestellte
| Gerichtsschreiber
|office worker, clerk, white-collar worker
| court clerk
|-
|-
|Bursch, Pursch
| Gerichtsverwandter
|young man
| member of the judicial court
|-
|-
|Büttner
| gesagt
|barrel maker
| said, stated
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===C===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Geschichte
|'''English'''
| history
|-
|-
|ca. = circa
| geschieden
|about
| divorced
|-
|-
|Chirug
| Geschlecht
|surgeon
| gender, sex, lineage
|-
|-
|Christmonat
| Geschlechterbücher
|December
| lineage books
|-
|-
|Colonist
| Geschlechtsname
|settler, tenant farmer
| surname
|-
|-
|Comparent
| Geschwister
|informant
| siblings, brothers and sisters
|-
|-
|copulieren
| Geschwulst
|to marry
| swelling, tumor
|-
|-
|Cossate, Cossathe
| Geselle
|cottager
| journeyman
|-
|-
|cribrarius
| Gesellschaft
|sieve maker (Latin)
| society, group
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===D===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Gesetz
|'''English'''
| law
|-
|-
|d. = der, dem, des, die, das
| gesetzlich
|the
| legal
|-
|-
|D. = Dorf
| gestern
|village
| yesterday
|-
|-
|das. = daselbst
| gestorben
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
| died
|-
|-
|Dachdecker
| Getaufte
|roofer
| person who was baptized
|-
|-
|dahier
| getr. = getraut
|here
| married
|-
|-
|dänisch
| Getraute
|Danish
| married couple
|-
|-
|das
| Gevatter
|the
| godfather
|-
|-
|daselbst
| Gewerbe
|residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
| trade, occupation
|-
|-
|Datum
| Gicht
|date
| gout, arthritis
|-
|-
|Dekanat
| Gilde
|deanery
| guild
|-
|-
|dem, den
| Glaube
|the
| belief, faith
|-
|-
|der
| Glauben
|the, of the
| religious affiliation
|-
|-
|derselbe
| gleich
|the same
| same, alike, similar, right away
|-
|-
|des
| Graf
|of the
| count (nobleman), earl
|-
|-
|deutsch
| Grafschaft
|German
| county
|-
|-
|Deutschland
| Grenze
|Germany
| border
|-
|-
|Dezember
| groß
|December
| big, great, large
|-
|-
|die
| Großeltern
|the
| grandparents
|-
|-
|Diener
| großjährig
|servant
| of age
|-
|-
|Dienst
| Großmutter
|service, employment
| grandmother
|-
|-
|Dienstag
| Großneffe
|Tuesday
| great-nephew
|-
|-
|Dienstbotin
| Großnichte
|servant (girl)
| great-niece
|-
|-
|Dienstmagd
| Großvater
|servant girl
| grandfather
|-
|-
|dieser
| Grundbuch
|this, these
| land register
|-
|-
|dimittiert, dimittirt
| Gulden
|dismissed (in order to be married in another parish)
| standard monetary unit, florin
|-
|-
|Dispensation(en)
| Gürtler
|dispensation(s), special permission
| maker of straps and belts
|-
|-
|Distrikt
| Gut
|district
| property, estate
|-
|-
|Domäne
| gut
|domain
| good
|-
|}
|Dominikalist
 
|a list pertaining to the manor or estate; feudal Familiant
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== H  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Donnerstag
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Thursday
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Dorf
| Hann. = Hannover
|village
| Hannover
|-
|-
|dort
| Herrsch. = Herrschaft
|there
| manor, estate, domain
|-
|-
|drei
| Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
|three
| Prussian province
|-
|-
|dreißig
| hzl. = herzoglich
|thirty
| of the duke
|-
|-
|dreißigste
| Hzt. = Herzogtum
|thirtieth
| duchy
|-
|-
|dreiundzwanzigste
| haben
|twenty-third
| to have
|-
|-
|dreizehn
| halb
|thirteen
| half
|-
|-
|dreizehnte
| halb drei
|thirteenth
| half three = 2:30 (time)
|-
|-
|dritte
| halb eins
|third
| half one = 12:30 (time)
|-
|-
|Duplikat
| halb zwei
|duplicate record
| half two = 1:30 (time)
|-
|-
|durch
| Halbbauer
|through
| small farmer
|-
|-
|Durchfall
| Halbmeier
|diarrhea
| small farmer
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===E===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Händler
|'''English'''
| trader, merchant, peddler
|-
|-
|E. = Einwohner
| Hartung
|residents, population
| January
|-
|-
|ehrngeachte
| Haupt-
|honorable
| chief, main
|-
|-
|einkindschaften
| Haus
|to officially accept/recognize a stepchild as one's own, to legally inherit along with any biological children
| house
|-
|-
|Eis. = Eisenbahn
| Hausfrau
|railroad, train
| housewife
|-
|-
|Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch
| Häusler
|Evangelical (Lutheran)
| cottager
|-
|-
|ebenda
| Hausmädchen
|at the same place
| housemaid
|-
|-
|Ehe
| Hebamme
|marriage
| midwife
|-
|-
|Ehebrecher
| Heilquelle
|adulterer
| spa, bath
|-
|-
|Ehebruch
| Heimat
|adultery
| home, native place, homeland
|-
|-
|Ehefrau
| Heimatschein
|wife, housewife
| domicile or residency certificate
|-
|-
|Ehehindernis
| Heimatsort
|hinderance to marriage
| place of birth, home town
|-
|-
|ehel. = ehelich
| Heirat
|legitimate
| marriage
|-
|-
|eheleiblich
| heiraten
|legitimate
| to marry
|-
|-
|Eheleute
| Heiratsantrag
|married couple
| marriage intentions
|-
|-
|ehelich
| Heiratsbelege
|legitimate
| marriage supplements
|-
|-
|ehemals
| Heiratskontrakt
|formerly
| marriage contracts
|-
|-
|Ehemann
| Heiratsprotokolle
|husband
| marriage records
|-
|-
|Ehepaar
| Heiratsschein
|married couple
| marriage certificate
|-
|-
|Ehescheidung
| heißt
|divorce
| is named
|-
|-
|Eheschließung
| Hektar
|marriage
| hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
|-
|-
|Ehestand
| Heraldik
|married state
| heraldry
|-
|-
|Eheverkündigungen
| Herkunftsort
|marriage banns
| place of origin
|-
|-
|Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch
| Herr
|betrothal, engagement
| Mister, Lord, lord
|-
|-
|Eidam (Eidmann)
| Herrschaft
|son-in-law
| estate, dominion
|-
|-
|Eigentümer
| Herzog
|proprietor, property owner
| duke
|-
|-
|ein, eine
| Herzogtum
|a, one, an
| duchy
|-
|-
|Einbürgerung
| Hessische
|naturalization
| Hessian
|-
|-
|Einhäusling, Gesinde, Taglöhner
| Heuerling
|day laborer
| dayworker, hireling
|-
|-
|Einlieger
| Heuert, Heumonat
|landless farm laborer
| July
|-
|-
|eins
| heute
|one
| today
|-
|-
|Einsender
| hier
|informant, declarant
| here
|-
|-
|eintausendachthundert
| hiesiger Ort
|eighteen hundred
| this place
|-
|-
|eintausendfünfhundert
| Hinterbliebene
|fifteen hundred
| survivors
|-
|-
|eintausendneunhundert
| hinterlassen
|nineteen hundred
| surviving, left behind
|-
|-
|eintausendsechshundert
| Hirt
|sixteen hundred
| herdsman
|-
|-
|eintausendsiebenhundert
| hitziges Fieber
|seventeen hundred
| burning fever, high fever
|-
|-
|einunddreissig
| hoch
|thirty-one
| high
|-
|-
|einunddreissigste
| Hochzeit
|thirty-first
| wedding
|-
|-
|einundzwanzigste
| Hof
|twenty-first
| courtyard, farm, yard, estate
|-
|-
|Einwanderer
| Hofprediger
|immigrant
| chaplain
|-
|-
|Einwanderung
| Holländer
|immigration
| Dutchman, dairykeeper
|-
|-
|einwilligend
| Hornung
|consenting, in agreement with, approving of
| February
|-
|-
|Einwilligung
| Hüfner
|permission
| farmer
|-
|-
|Einwohner
| Hufschmied
|inhabitant
| blacksmith
|-
|-
|einzige
| Hügel
|only
| hill
|-
|-
|Eisenbahn
| hundert
|railroad
| hundred
|-
|-
|Eiterbeule
| Hurenkind
|abscess
| illegitimate child
|-
|-
|elf
| Husten
|eleven
| cough
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== I  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|elfte
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|eleventh
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Eltern
| ihr, ihr-
|parents
| their, her
|-
|-
|Enkel
| im
|grandson
| in the
|-
|-
|Enkelin
| immer
|granddaughter
| always
|-
|-
|Enkelkind
| in
|grandchild
| in, at
|-
|-
|eod(em)
| Inhalt
|the same, ditto
| content(s)
|-
|-
|Epilepsie
| innerhalb
|epilepsy
| inside of
|-
|-
|er
| Innung
|he
| guild
|-
|-
|Erben
| Instmann
|heirs
| tenant farmer
|-
|-
|Erbschaft
| ist
|inheritance
| is
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== J  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" | '''German'''
| '''English'''
|-
| Jäger
| hunter, rifleman in the military
|-
| Jahr
| year
|-
|-
|erhalten
| Jahrestag
|received, receive
| anniversary
|-
|-
|erklärt
| Jahreszeit
|declared
| season
|-
|-
|Erlassung
| Jahrhundert
|dispensation, permission
| century
|-
|-
|Ermächtigung
| jährlich
|authorization
| annual, yearly
|-
|-
|Ernting
| Jahrzehnt
|August
| decade
|-
|-
|errechnet
| Jänner
|approximated, calculated
| January
|-
|-
|erschien
| Januar
|appeared
| January
|-
|-
|erste
| jeder (jede, jedes)
|first
| each, every
|-
|-
|erstgeboren
| Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
|firstborn
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|-
|-
|Erstkommunikant
| jüdisch
|someone receiving First Communion for the first time
| Jewish
|-
|-
|ertrank, ertrunken
| Jugend
|drowned
| youth, adolescence
|-
|-
|erzeugen
| Juli
|beget
| July
|-
|-
|erzeugt
| Julmonat
|begat
| December
|-
|-
|es
| jung
|it
| young
|-
|-
|et uxor
| Junge
|and wife (Latin)
| a youth (male)
|-
|-
|evangelisch
| Jungfrau, Jungfer
|evangelical
| maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
|}
|-
 
| Junggeselle
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| bachelor
|-
| Jüngling
| bachelor, young man
|-
| Juni
| June
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


===F===
==== K  ====


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
| K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| royal imperial
|-
|-
|Fabrikant
| Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
|manufacturer
| A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
|-
|-
|Fabrikarbeiter
| Kammerfrau
|factory worker
| lady-in-waiting
|-
|-
|Fallkind
| Kantor
|illegitimate childen
| choirmaster, organist
|-
|-
|Familiant
| Karpe
|entailed renter of a house (inheriting cottagers) or head of the family (Jewish)
| carpenter
|-
|-
|Familie
| Karte
|family
| map
|-
|-
|Familienbuch
| Karrer
|family register
| carter
|-
|-
|Familienforschung
| Kartei
|genealogical research
| card index
|-
|-
|Familienregister
| Käthner, Kätner
|family register
| cottager
|-
|-
|Färber
| katholisch
|dyer
| Catholic
|-
|-
|Faßbinder
| kaufen
|cooper, barrel maker
| to buy
|-
|-
|Fäule
| Kaufmann
|cancer
| merchant
|-
|-
|Fayencenhändler
| kein
|porcelain merchant
| no, not any, none
|-
|-
|Februar
| Keller
|February
| wine steward; cellar, basement
|-
|-
|Fehlgeburt
| Kellner
|miscarriage
| waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
|-
|-
|Festtag
| Kessler
|feast day, festival day, holy day
| kettlemaker
|-
|-
|Festung
| Keuchhusten
|fortress
| whooping cough
|-
|-
|Fieber
| Kiefer
|fever
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|Findling
| Kind
|foundling
| baby
|-
|-
|Firmung
| Kindbettfieber
|confirmation
| childbed fever
|-
|-
|Fischer
| Kinder
|fisher
| children
|-
|-
|Fl. = Florin
| Kirche
|standard monetary unit
| church
|-
|-
|Flecken
| Kirchenältester
|hamlet, also measles or spots
| churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
|-
|-
|Fleckfieber
| Kirchenbuch
|spotted fever, typhus
| parish register
|-
|-
|Fleischer
| Kirchengemeinde
|butcher
| parish
|-
|-
|Fleischhauer
| Kirchenpfleger
|butcher
| churchwarden
|-
|-
|Flüchtling
| Kirchenrodel
|refugee, deserter
| parish register
|-
|-
|Fluß
| Kirchensprengel
|river
| parish
|-
|-
|folgende
| Kirchenvorsteher
|following, next
| churchwarden
|-
|-
|Forst
| kirchlich
|forest
| pertaining to church
|-
|-
|Förster
| Kirchrat
|forester
| member of a church council
|-
|-
|Fourier
| Kirchspiel
|quartermaster
| parish
|-
|-
|Fraisen
| klein
|convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
| little
|-
|-
|Frankreich
| Knabe
|France
| boy
|-
|-
|Frau
| Knecht
|Mrs., wife, woman
| servant
|-
|-
|Fräulein
| Kolonist
|Miss, unmarried woman
| settler, colonist, farmer
|-
|-
|Freibauer
| Kommunikant
|farmer who owns his own land
| communicant
|-
|-
|Freiherr
| Kommunion
|baron
| communion
|-
|-
|Freitag
| Konfirmation
|Friday
| confirmation
|-
|-
|fremd
| König
|foreign, strange
| king
|-
|-
|Freund
| königlich
|friend
| royal
|-
|-
|Friedhof
| Königreich
|cemetery
| kingdom
|-
|-
|Friesel
| Kopulation
|prickly heat, heat rash, miliaria
| marriage
|-
|-
|Friseur
| kopulieren
|hairdresser
| to marry
|-
|-
|früh
| Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
|early (a.m.)
| cottager
|-
|-
|früher
| Kossattin
|former, formerly
| female cottager
|-
|-
|Frühgeburt
| Kötter, Kötner
|premature birth
| small farmer, cottager
|-
|-
|Frühkind
| Krämer
|child born too soon after its parents married
| grocer, small retailer
|-
|-
|fünf
| Krämpfe
|five
| cramps,, convulsions
|-
|-
|Fuhrmann
| Krankheit
|wagoner
| disease, sickness
|-
|-
|fünfte
| Krebs
|fifth
| cancer
|-
|-
|fünfundzwanzigste
| Kreis
|twenty-fifth
| county
|-
|-
|fünfzehn
| Krieg
|fifteen
| war
|-
|-
|fünfzehnhundert
| Kröger, Krogmann
|fifteen hundred
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|fünfzehnte
| Küfer
|fifteenth
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
|fünfzig
| Kuhhirte
|fifty
| cowherd
|-
|-
|fünfzigste
| Kupferschmied
|fiftieth
| coppersmith
|-
|-
|für
| Kurort
|for
| spa
|-
|-
|Fürst
| Kusine
|prince, count
| female cousin
|-
|-
|Fürstentum
| Kutscher
|principality
| coachman
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}


===G===
==== L  ====


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|G. = Gericht
| Land
|court
| land, country
|-
|-
|geb. = geboren
| Landarbeiter
|born, maiden name
| farmhand
|-
|-
|Gem. = Gemeinde
| Landkarte
|community, municipality, parish, town
| map
|-
|-
|gest. = gestorben
| Landwirt
|died
| farmer
|-
|-
|get. = getauft
| lassen
|baptized, christened
| to let, leave, allow
|-
|-
|gez. = gezeichnet
| lebendig
|signed
| living
|-
|-
|Gr. = Groß
| ledig
|Great (part of place name)
| single, unmarried
|-
|-
|Gärtner
| legitimiert
|gardener
| made legitimate, legitimized
|-
|-
|Gastwirt
| Lehrer
|innkeeper
| teacher
|-
|-
|Gatte
| Lehrling
|husband
| apprentice
|-
|-
|Gattin
| Leiche
|wife
| corpse, body
|-
|-
|geben, gab
| Leichenpredigt
|given, gave
| funeral sermon
|-
|-
|Gebiet
| Leinenweber
|region, area, zone
| linen weaver
|-
|-
|geboren
| Lenz
|born, maiden name
| spring (season)
|-
|-
|Gebühren
| letzte Ölung
|fees
| last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
|Geburt
| letzte Salbung
|birth
| last rites, extreme unction
|-
|-
|Geburtsort
| Letzter
|place of birth
| latter, last
|-
|-
|Geburtsschein
| letzter Wille
|birth certificate
| last will
|-
|-
|Geburtsurkunde
| links
|birth certificate
| left
|-
|-
|gegen
| Lungenentzündung
|against, towards
| pneumonia
|-
|-
|(im) Gegenwart (der)
| Lungenschwindsucht
|(in the) presence (of)
| consumption, tuberculosis
|-
|-
|gegenwärtig
| lutherisch
|currently
| Lutheran
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== M  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|geheiratet
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|married
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|gehört
| Mädchen
|belongs (to)
| girl
|-
|-
|Geistliche(r)
| Mädel
|clergyman
| girl
|-
|-
|Gelbsucht
| Magd
|jaundice
| maiden, maid, servant girl
|-
|-
|Geld
| Mägdlein
|money
| girl, little girl
|-
|-
|Gemahl(in)
| Mai
|spouse, husband, wife
| May
|-
|-
|Gemeinde
| Maler
|community, municipality, parish, town
| painter
|-
|-
|Gemeindemann
| Mann
|village official, village resident
| husband, man
|-
|-
|Gemeindsmann
| männlich
|citizen with full rights
| male
|-
|-
|gemelli
| Markt
|twins
| market
|-
|-
|genannt
| März
|named, alias, called
| March
|-
|-
|Genealogie
| Masern
|genealogy
| measles
|-
|-
|genesen
| Matrikel
|delivered (of a child)
| register
|-
|-
|Gerber
| Maurer
|tanner
| mason
|-
|-
|Gericht
| Meister, -meister
|court
| master
|-
|-
|Gerichtsmann
| Mennoniten
|juryman
| Mennonites
|-
|-
|Gerichtsschöffe
| Metzger
|member of the court
| butcher
|-
|-
|Gerichtsschöppe
| Militär
|member of the court
| military
|-
|-
|Gerichtsschreiber
| minderjährig
|court clerk
| underaged, minor
|-
|-
|Gerichtsverwandter
| mit
|member of the judicial court
| with, via, by
|-
|-
|gesagt
| Mitglied
|said, stated
| member
|-
|-
|Geschichte
| Mittag
|history
| midday
|-
|-
|geschieden
| mittags
|divorced
| at noon
|-
|-
|Geschlecht
| Mitternacht
|gender, sex, lineage
| midnight
|-
|-
|Geschlechterbücher
| Mittwoch
|lineage books
| Wednesday
|-
|-
|Geschlechtsname
| Monat
|surname
| month
|-
|-
|Geschwister
| Montag
|siblings, brothers and sisters
| Monday
|-
|-
|Geschwisterkind
| Morgen
|sibling's child (nephew, niece)
| morning, tomorrow
|-
|-
|Geschwulst
| Morgen (morgen)
|swelling, tumor
| measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
|-
|-
|Geselle
| morgens
|journeyman
| in the morning
|-
|-
|Gesellschaft
| Mühle
|society, group
| mill
|-
|-
|Gesetz
| mündlich
|law
| verbal, verbally
|-
|-
|gesetzlich
| Mutter
|legal
| Mother
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== N  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|gestern
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|yesterday
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|gestorben
| N.N. = nomen nescio
|died
| name not known
|-
|-
|Getaufte
| nach
|person who was baptized
| to, after, according to
|-
|-
|getr. = getraut
| Nachbar
|married
| neighbor
|-
|-
|Getraute
| Nachbarschaft
|married couple
| neighborhood
|-
|-
|Gevatter
| nachgelassen
|godfather
| surviving
|-
|-
|Gewerbe
| Nachlaß
|trade, occupation
| estate, inheritance
|-
|-
|gewerblos
| Nachmittag
|without occupation
| afternoon
|-
|-
|Gicht
| nachmittags
|gout, arthritis
| in the afternoon
|-
|-
|Gilde
| nächst(e)
|guild
| next
|-
|-
|Glaser
| Nacht
|glazier
| night
|-
|-
|Glasermeister
| Näherin
|master glazier
| seamstress
|-
|-
|Glaube
| Name
|belief, faith
| name
|-
|-
|Glauben
| nat. = natus, nata
|religious affiliation
| born
|-
|-
|gleich
| natus, nata
|same, alike, similar, right away
| born
|-
|-
|Gode
| neben
|godmother
| next to
|-
|-
|Graf
| Nebenfrau
|count (nobleman), earl
| concubine
|-
|-
|Grafschaft
| Neffe
|county
| nephew
|-
|-
|Grenze
| Nervenfieber
|border
| nervous fever
|-
|-
|groß
| neu
|big, great, large
| new
|-
|-
|Großeltern
| neun
|grandparents
| nine
|-
|-
|großjährig
| neunte
|of age
| ninth
|-
|-
|Großmutter
| neunundzwanzigte
|grandmother
| twenty-ninth
|-
|-
|Großneffe
| neunzehn
|great-nephew
| nineteen
|-
|-
|Großnichte
| neunzehnhundert
|great-niece
| nineteen hundred
|-
|-
|Großvater
| neunzehnte
|grandfather
| nineteenth
|-
|-
|Grundbuch
| neunzig
|land register
| ninety
|-
|-
|Gulden
| neunzigste
|standard monetary unit, florin
| ninetieth
|-
|-
|Gürtler
| Nicht
|maker of straps and belts
| not
|-
|-
|Gut
| Nichte
|property, estate
| niece
|-
|-
|gut
| nichts
|good
| nothing
|-
|-
|Gutsbesitzer
| nie
|Estate Owner
| never
|-
|-
|Gutsverwalter
| nieder
|Estate Manager
| lower
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===H===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| niederländisch
|'''English'''
| Dutch, of the Netherlands
|-
|-
|Handzeichen
| noch
|sign, symbol, mark
| still
|-
|-
|Hann. = Hannover
| noch lebende
|Hanover
| still living
|-
|-
|Herrsch. = Herrschaft
| noch nicht
|manor, estate, domain
| not yet
|-
|-
|herrschaftl. = herrschaftlich
| Nord
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
| north
|-
|-
|Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau
| Notizen
|Prussian province of Hessen-Nassau
| notices, miscellaneous records
|-
|-
|hzl. = herzoglich
| Nottaufe
|of the duke
| emergency baptism
|-
|-
|Hzt. = Herzogtum
| November
|duchy
| November
|-
|-
|haben
| Nummer
|to have
| number
|-
|-
|halb
| nur
|half
| only
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== O  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|halb drei
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|half three = 2:30 (time)
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|halb eins
| O.A. = Oberamt
|half one = 12:30 (time)
| governing district office
|-
|-
|halb zwei
| ober
|half two = 1:30 (time)
| upper, over
|-
|-
|Halbbauer
| ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
|small farmer
| chief, head; upper, over
|-
|-
|Halbmeier
| Oberamt
|small farmer
| governing district office
|-
|-
|Halbzeugmacher
| oder
|semi-finished product maker
| or
|-
|-
|Hartung
| öffentlich bekanntmachen
|January
| make known publicly
|-
|-
|Händler
| oft
|trader, merchant, peddler
| often
|-
|-
|Haupt-
| Oheim
|chief, main
| uncle
|-
|-
|Haus
| ohne
|house
| without
|-
|-
|Hausfrau
| Oktober
|housewife
| October
|-
|-
|Häusler
| Onkel
|cottager
| uncle
|-
|-
|Hausmädchen
| Ort
|housemaid
| place, town
|-
|-
|Hebamme
| Ortslexikon
|midwife
| gazetteer
|-
|-
|Heilquelle
| Osten
|spa, bath
| east
|-
|-
|Heimat
| Ostern
|home, native place, homeland
| Easter (could be March or April)
|-
|-
|Heimatschein, hmtsch
| Ostermonat
|domicile or residency certificate
| April
|-
|-
|Heimatsort
| Ostern
|place of birth, home town
| Easter
|-
|-
|Heirat
| Österreich
|marriage
| Austria
|-
|-
|heiraten
| österreichisch
|to marry
| Austrian
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== P  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Heiratsantrag
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|marriage intentions
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Heiratsbelege
| Pächter
|marriage supplements
| leaseholder
|-
|-
|Heiratskontrakt
| Pate
|marriage contracts
| godfather
|-
|-
|Heiratsprotokolle
| Paten
|marriage records
| godparents
|-
|-
|Heiratsschein
| Pest
|marriage certificate
| plague
|-
|-
|heißt
| Pfalz
|is named
| Palatinate
|-
|-
|Hektar
| Pfarramt
|hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
| parish office
|-
|-
|Helfer
| Pfarrbuch
|a helper, but in East Prussia a worker in a malt brewery
| parish register
|-
|-
|Heraldik
| Pfarrei
|heraldry
| parish
|-
|-
|Herkunftsort
| Pfarrer
|place of origin
| parish minister, pastor
|-
|-
|Herr
| Pfingsten
|Mister, Lord, lord
| Pentecost
|-
|-
|Herrschaft
| Pflegekind
|estate, dominion
| foster child
|-
|-
|herrschaftlich
| Pflegesohn
|(adj.) pertaining to the manor, estate, or domain (feudal Familiant)
| foster son
|-
|-
|Herzog
| Pflegetochter
|duke
| foster daughter
|-
|-
|Herzogtum
| Platz
|duchy
| place (location)
|-
|-
|Hessische
| Pocken
|Hessian
| pox, smallpox
|-
|-
|Heuerling
| Polen
|dayworker, hireling
| Poland
|-
|-
|Heuert, Heumonat
| polnisch
|July
| Polish
|-
|-
|heute
| Posamentierer
|today
| A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
|-
|-
|hier
| preußisch
|here
| Prussia
|-
|-
|hiesig, hiesige, hiesiger, hiesigen
| Priester
|local
| priest
|-
|-
|hiesiger Ort
| Prinz
|this place
| prince
|-
|-
|Hilfsbahnwärter
| Prinzessin
|railway linesman assistant, assistant signalman
| princess
|-
|-
|Hinterbliebene
| protestantisch
|survivors
| Protestant
|-
|-
|hinterlassen
| Provinz
|surviving, left behind
| province
|-
|-
|Hirt
| provinzial
|herdsman
| provincial
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== R  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|hitziges Fieber
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|burning fever, high fever
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|hoch
| Räbbe
|high
| rabies
|-
|-
|Hochzeit
| Räcke
|wedding
| stiffness of the limbs
|-
|-
|Hof
| Racker
|courtyard, farm, yard, estate
| renderer
|-
|-
|Hofprediger
| Rademacher, Radmacher
|chaplain
| wheelwright
|-
|-
|Holländer
| Radhauer
|Dutchman, dairykeeper
| wheelwright
|-
|-
|Hollandgänger
| Rathaus
|seasonal migrant worker from Germany working in the Netherlands
| city hall
|-
|-
|Hornung
| Ratsherr
|February
| alderman
|-
|-
|Hüfner
| Ratsmann
|farmer
| councilman; town councilor
|-
|-
|Hufschmied
| Rechnung
|farrier, blacksmith
| account; bill
|-
|-
|Hügel
| rechtgläubig
|hill
| orthodox
|-
|-
|hundert
| Rechsanwalt
|hundred
| lawyer
|-
|-
|Hurenkind
| reformiert
|illegitimate child
| reformed
|-
|-
|Husten
| Regierungsbezirk
|cough
| administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
|}
|-
 
| Register
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| register (a book or list)
 
|-
===I===
| Reich
 
| empire; kingdom
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Reifer
|'''English'''
| ropemaker; rope merchant
|-
|-
|ihr, ihr-
| Reiter
|their, her
| rider; cavalryman
|-
|-
|im
| relicta
|in the
| widow
|-
|-
|im Leben
| relictus
|in life, while living
| widower
|-
|-
|immer
| Religion
|always
| religion
|-
|-
|in
| ren. = renatus, renata
|in, at
| baptized, christened
|-
|-
|Inhalt
| Rentner
|content(s)
| retired person
|-
|-
|innerhalb
| Rheuma
|inside of
| rheumatism
|-
|-
|Innung
| Richter
|guild
| judge
|-
|-
|Inspektor
| Rodel
|inspector
| register
|-
|-
|Instmann
| Röseler
|tenant farmer
| whitewasher
|-
|-
|ist
| Rössler
|is
| horseman; tanner
|-
|-
|itzo, itzt, itzund, jetzt, jetzo, jetzund
| römisch katholisch
|now
| Roman Catholic
|}
|-
 
| Röt
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| measles; bloody diarrhea
|-
| Rotgerber
| red tanner
|-
| Ruhestand
| retirement
|-
| Ruhr
| dysentery
|-
| russisch
| Russian
|-
| Rußland
| Russia
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


===J===
==== S  ====


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Jachtaufe (jach = jäh, plötzlich)
| S. = Seite
|emergency baptism (jach = suddenly)
| page
|-
|-
|Jäger
| s. = siehe
|hunter, rifleman in the military
| see the following reference
|-
|-
|Jahr
| Sachsen
|year
| Saxony
|-
|-
|Jahrestag
| Sackhuhn
|anniversary
| sailmaker
|-
|-
|Jahreszeit
| Säger
|season
| sawyer
|-
|-
|Jahrhundert
| Salbung
|century
| anointing
|-
|-
|jährlich
| Salzvogt
|annual, yearly
| salt works overseer
|-
|-
|Jahrzehnt
| Samstag
|decade
| Saturday
|-
|-
|Jänner
| Sarkhauer
|January
| stonemason
|-
|-
|Januar
| Satertag
|January
| Saturday
|-
|-
|jeder (jede, jedes)
| Sattler
|each, every
| saddler, leather worker
|-
|-
|Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer
| Schacherer
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
| peddler
|-
|-
|Joe.
| Schäfer
|Latin abbreviation for Joannem
| shepherd
|-
|-
|jüdisch
| Schaffer
|Jewish
| worker; laborer; administrator
|-
|-
|Jugend
| Schäf(f)ler
|youth, adolescence
| cooper
|-
|-
|Juli
| Schaffmann
|July
| worker
|-
|-
|Julmonat
| Schaffner
|December
| conductor
|-
|-
|jung
| Schalck, Schall
|young
| servant
|-
|-
|Junge
| Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
|a youth (male)
| scarlet fever
|-
|-
|Jungfrau, Jungfer
| Scharnemann
|maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
| merchant in a market
|-
|-
|Junggeselle
| Scharrmacher
|bachelor
| wagon builder
|-
|-
|Jüngling
| Scharwerker
|bachelor, young man
| day laborer on a farm
|-
|-
|jüngsthin
| Schatter, Schattmann
|recently (such as the last/recently passed month)
| tax assessor
|-
|-
|Juni
| Schatzmann
|June
| moneychanger; treasurer
|-
|-
|Justmann
| Schatzmeister
|tenant farmer (East Prussian form of Instmann)
| treasurer
|}
|-
 
| Scheibenreisser
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
| glazier
 
|-
===K===
| Scheibler
 
| salt carrier
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| Scheiding
| September
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Scheidler
|'''English'''
| knife-blade maker
|-
|-
|K.K. = kaiserlich königlich
| Scheidung
|royal imperial
| divorce
|-
|-
|Kaluppe, Kaluppner<br>Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa<br>Polish: chalupnik
| Schein
|A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
| certificate
|-
|-
|Kammerfrau
| Schenkungen
|lady-in-waiting
| donations
|-
|-
|Kantor
| Scherer
|choirmaster, organist
| barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
|-
|-
|Karpe
| Schichtmeister
|carpenter
| mine paymaster
|-
|-
|Karte
| Schiffbauer
|map
| shipbuilder
|-
|-
|Karrer
| Schiffer
|carter
| shipper; seaman
|-
|-
|Kartei
| Schiffmann
|card index
| sailor
|-
|-
|Kassierer
| Schiffsmakler
|cashier, collector
| shipbroker; shipping agent
|-
|-
|Kathenmann, Katenmann
| Schilderer
|cottager
| sign painter
|-
|-
|Käthner, Kätner
| Schindeldecker
|cottager
| roofer of shingle roofs
|-
|-
|katholisch
| Schindelmacher
|Catholic
| shingle maker
|-
|-
|kaufen
| Schinner
|to buy
| renderer, skinner
|-
|-
|Kaufmann
| Schirmmacher
|merchant
| umbrella maker
|-
|-
|kein
| Schirrmacher
|no, not any, none
| wagon maker
|-
|-
|Keller
| Schirrmeister
|wine steward; cellar, basement
| master wagon maker
|-
|-
|Kellner
| Schlachter, Schlächter
|waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
| butcher
|-
|-
|Kessler
| Schlachtmann
|kettlemaker
| butcher
|-
|-
|Keuchhusten
| Schlachtwanter
|whooping cough
| clothing wholesaler
|-
|-
|Kiefer
| Schlafbaas
|cooper, barrel maker
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|Kind
| Schlaganfall
|baby
| stroke, seizure
|-
|-
|Kindbetterin
| Schlagfluß
|woman in or shortly after childbirth
| stroke
|-
|-
|Kindbettfieber
| Schlieper
|childbed fever
| knifemaker; cutler
|-
|-
|Kinder
| Schlieter
|children
| merchant
|-
|-
|Kirche
| Schloß
|church
| castle
|-
|-
|Kirchenältester
| Schlosser
|churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
| locksmith
|-
|-
|Kirchenbuch
| Schlotfeger
|parish register
| chimneysweep
|-
|-
|Kirchengemeinde
| Schlotthauer
|parish
| locksmith
|-
|-
|Kirchenpfleger
| Schmied
|churchwarden
| smith
|-
|-
|Kirchenrodel
| Schneider
|parish register
| tailor
|-
|-
|Kirchensprengel
| Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|parish
| woodcarver
|-
|-
|Kirchenvorsteher
| Schopper
|churchwarden
| ship's carpenter
|-
|-
|Kirchhöre
| Schornsteinfeger
|church parish
| chimneysweep
|-
|-
|kirchlich
| Schosserheber
|pertaining to church
| tax collector
|-
|-
|Kirchrat
| Schösser
|member of a church council
| tax collector
|-
|-
|Kirchspiel
| Schotte
|parish
| peddler
|-
|-
|Kläger(in), Klr.
| Schottler
|plaintiff
| turner; key maker
|-
|-
|klein
| Schottilier
|little
| turner; carpenter
|-
|-
|Knabe
| Schreiber
|boy
| scribe, clerk
|-
|-
|Knecht
| Schreiner
|servant
| cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|-
|Köbler (used in Franken and Oberpfalz, Bayern)
| Schriftsetzer
|cottager
| typesetter
|-
|-
|Kolonist
| Schroder, Schröder
|settler, colonist, farmer
| tailor
|-
|-
|Kommunikant
| Schröer
|communicant
| tailor
|-
|-
|Kommunion
| Schröter
|communion
| tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|-
|Konfirmation
| Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|confirmation
| shoemaker
|-
|-
|Konditormeister
| Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|master cake-maker
| shoemaker
|-
|-
|Konfitenten
| Schuhmacher
|confessants
| shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
|König
| Schule
|king
| school
|-
|-
|königlich
| Schullehrer
|royal
| schoolteacher
|-
|-
|Königreich
| Schultheiß, Schulze
|kingdom
| village mayor, head of town council
|-
|-
|Kooperator
| Schüssler
|non-governing clergyman (like a chaplain) assigned to a parish/pastor
| bowl maker
|-
|-
|Kopulation
| Schuster
|marriage
| shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|-
|kopulieren
| Schuwarte
|to marry
| shoemaker
|-
|-
|Kossat, Kossät, Kossath
| Schwäche
|cottager
| weakness
|-
|-
|Kossattin
| Schwager
|female cottager
| brother-in-law
|-
|-
|Kötter, Kötner, Köthner
| Schwägerin
|small farmer, cottager
| sister-in-law
|-
|-
|Krämer
| Schwaiger
|grocer, small retailer
| shepherd
|-
|-
|Krämpfe
| schwanger
|cramps,, convulsions
| pregnant
|-
|-
|Krankheit
| schwarz
|disease, sickness
| black
|-
|-
|Krankheit oder andere Todesart
| schwarzer Tod
|cause of death (in a heading)
| black death; plague
|-
|-
|Krankheit und Todesart nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| Schwarzgiesser
|cause of death (in a heading)
| iron smelter
|-
|-
|Krankheit oder Todesursache nach Ausweis der Todtenbeschau
| Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|cause of death (in a heading)
| pigherd
|-
|-
|Krebs
| Schweisser
|cancer
| welder
|-
|-
|Kreis
| Schweiz
|county
| Switzerland
|-
|-
|Krieg
| Schweizer
|war
| Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|-
|Kröger, Krogmann
| Schwendimann
|innkeeper
| settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|-
|Küfer
| Schwerdtfeger
|cooper, barrel maker
| armorer
|-
|-
|Kuhhirte
| Schwester
|cowherd
| sister
|-
|-
|Kupferschmied
| Schwiegermutter
|coppersmith
| mother-in-law
|-
|-
|Kurort
| Schwiegersohn
|spa
| son-in-law
|-
|-
|Kusine
| Schwiegertochter
|female cousin
| daughter-in-law
|-
|-
|Küster
| Schwiegervater
|sexton
| father-in-law
|-
|-
|Kutscher
| Schwindsucht
|coachman
| consumption
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===L===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| S.d. = Sohn des, der
|'''English'''
| son of
|-
|-
|Land
| sechs
|land, country
| six
|-
|-
|Landarbeiter
| sechste
|farmhand
| sixth
|-
|-
|Landkarte
| sechsundzwanzig
|map
| twenty-six
|-
|-
|Landwirt
| sechsundzwanzigste
|farmer
| twenty-sixth
|-
|-
|lassen
| sechzehnhundert
|to let, leave, allow
| sixteen hundred
|-
|-
|lebendig
| sechzehn
|living
| sixteen
|-
|-
|ledig
| sechzehnte
|single, unmarried
| sixteenth
|-
|-
|legitimiert
| sechzig
|made legitimate, legitimized
| sixty
|-
|-
|Lehrer
| sechzigste
|teacher
| sixtieth
|-
|-
|Lehrling
| See
|apprentice
| lake
|-
|-
|Leiche
| Seelen
|corpse, body
| souls
|-
|-
|Leichenpredigt
| Seelenregister
|funeral sermon
| church membership list
|-
|-
|Leinenweber
| Seelsorger
|linen weaver
| minister, chaplain
|-
|-
|Lenz
| Seemann
|spring (season)
| sailor
|-
|-
|letzte Ölung
| Segner
|last rites, extreme unction
| fisherman
|-
|-
|letzte Salbung
| Seifensieder
|last rites, extreme unction
| soap maker
|-
|-
|Letzter
| Seigner
|latter, last
| fisherman
|-
|-
|letzter Wille
| Seiler
|last will
| rope maker
|-
|-
|links
| sein
|left
| to be; his
|-
|-
|Lippische Ziegler
| seit
|migrant bricklayers from the Principality of Lippe working in Germany, Brandenburg, the Netherlands, or Denmark
| since
|-
|-
|lohgerbermeister
| Seite
|master tanner
| page
|-
|-
|Lungenentzündung
| selige
|pneumonia
| (the) late, blessed
|-
|-
|Lungenschwindsucht
| September
|consumption, tuberculosis
| September
|-
|-
|lutherisch
| Sibber
|Lutheran
| sieve maker
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===M===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Sibmacher
|'''English'''
| sieve maker
|-
|-
|mannschaftl. = mannschaftlich
| sich
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
| himself, herself, itself
|-
|-
|Mädchen
| sie
|girl
| she, they
|-
|-
|Mädel
| Sie
|girl
| you
|-
|-
|Magd
| sieben
|maiden, maid, servant girl
| seven
|-
|-
|Mägdlein
| siebente
|girl, little girl
| seventh
|-
|-
|Mai
| siebenundzwanzigste
|May
| twenty-seventh
|-
|-
|Maler
| siebte
|painter
| seventh
|-
|-
|Mann
| siebzehn
|husband, man
| seventeen
|-
|-
|männlich
| siebzehnhundert
|male
| seventeen hundred
|-
|-
|mannschaftlich
| siebzehnte
|(adj.) pertaining to a group of men (Jewish Familiant, especially used in Moravia)
| seventeenth
|-
|-
|Mariengroschen, Mgr.
| siebzig
|Mariengroschen (German currency)
| seventy
|-
|-
|Markt
| siebzigste
|market
| seventieth
|-
|-
|März
| Sieder
|March
| soap maker
|-
|-
|Masern
| siehe
|measles
| see
|-
|-
|Matrikel
| Sigrist
|register
| sexton
|-
|-
|Matrose
| sind
|Bluejacket, Sailor
| are
|-
|-
|Maurer
| so
|mason
| as, so, thus, such
|-
|-
|Mautner
| Sohn
|customs official
| son
|-
|-
|Meister, -meister
| Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|master
| young son
|-
|-
|Mennoniten
| Soldat
|Mennonites
| soldier
|-
|-
|Messerschmied
| Söldner
|cutler, knifesmith
| mercenary soldier; day laborer
|-
|-
|Metzger, Mezger
| sollen
|butcher
| should
|-
|-
|Meubelfabrakant
| Sonnabend
|furniture manufacturer
| Saturday
|-
|-
|Militär
| Sonntag
|military
| Sunday
|-
|-
|minderjährig
| spät
|underaged, minor
| late (p.m.)
|-
|-
|mit
| Spengler
|with, via, by
| plumber; tinsmith
|-
|-
|Mitglied
| spur. = spurius, spuria
|member
| illegitimate
|-
|-
|Mittag
| Staat
|midday
| state
|-
|-
|mittags
| Staatsangehörigkeit
|at noon
| citizenship, nationality
|-
|-
|Mitternacht
| Staatsarchiv
|midnight
| state archives
|-
|-
|Mittwoch
| Stadt
|Wednesday
| city
|-
|-
|Monat
| Stammbaum
|month
| family tree, pedigree
|-
|-
|Montag
| Stand
|Monday
| occupation, status, condition
|-
|-
|Morgen
| Standesamt
|morning, tomorrow
| civil registrar’s office
|-
|-
|Morgen (morgen)
| starb
|measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
| died
|-
|-
|morgens
| Steinhauer
|in the morning
| stonecutter
|-
|-
|müheseelig Mench
| Steinmetz
|handicapped person
| stonemason
|-
|-
|Mühle
| stellen
|mill
| place, put, impose
|-
|-
|Mühlerbesitzer
| Stellmacher
|mill owner
| wheelwright
|-
|-
|Mühlenpächter
| Sterbefälle
|mill tenant
| deaths
|-
|-
|Mullnäher
| sterben
|Occupation: cheesecloth (gauze) stitcher (sewer)
| to die
|-
|-
|mündlich
| Steuer
|verbal, verbally
| tax
|-
|-
|Mutter
| Stickfluß
|Mother
| asthma
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===N===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Stiefbruder
|'''English'''
| half brother, stepbrother
|-
|-
|N.N. = nomen nescio
| Stiefkind
|name not known
| stepchild
|-
|-
|nach
| Stiefmutter
|to, after, according to
| stepmother
|-
|-
|Nachbar
| Stiefschwester
|neighbor
| half sister, stepsister
|-
|-
|Nachbarschaft
| Stiefvater
|neighborhood
| stepfather
|-
|-
|nachgelassen
| Stillgeburt
|surviving
| stillbirth
|-
|-
|Nachlaß
| Straße
|estate, inheritance
| street
|-
|-
|Nachmittag
| Stunde
|afternoon
| hour
|-
|-
|nachmittags
| Sucht
|in the afternoon
| sickness, mania, rage
|-
|-
|nächst(e)
| Süden
|next
| south
|-
|-
|Nacht
| S.v. = Sohn von
|night
| son of
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== T  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Näherin
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|seamstress
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Name
| T.d. = Tochter des, der
|name
| daughter of
|-
|-
|Namensfertiger, Nftgr.
| T.v. = Tochter von
|person who signs for illiterate people
| daughter of
|-
|-
|nat. = natus, nata
| Tabelle
|born
| index, table
|-
|-
|natus, nata
| Tag
|born
| day
|-
|-
|neben
| Tagelöhner
|next to
| day laborer
|-
|-
|Nebenfrau
| Tagner
|concubine
| day laborer
|-
|-
|Neffe
| Tal, Thal
|nephew
| valley
|-
|-
|nemlich
| Tante
|namely, same, by name (variant of nämlich)
| aunt
|-
|-
|Nervenfieber
| Tapazier
|nervous fever, nerve fever, sometimes means typhus
| (wall)paper hanger
|-
|-
|neu
| Taufe
|new
| baptism
|-
|-
|neun
| taufen
|nine
| to baptize
|-
|-
|neunte
| Taufpaten
|ninth
| godparents
|-
|-
|neunundzwanzigte
| Taufschein
|twenty-ninth
| baptismal certificate
|-
|-
|neunzehn
| tausend
|nineteen
| thousand
|-
|-
|neunzehnhundert
| Testament
|nineteen hundred
| will
|-
|-
|neunzehnte
| Tischler
|nineteenth
| cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|-
|neunzig
| Tochter
|ninety
| daughter
|-
|-
|neunzigste
| Töchterchen
|ninetieth
| young daughter
|-
|-
|Nicht
| Töchterlein
|not
| young daughter
|-
|-
|Nichte
| Tochtermann
|niece
| son-in-law
|-
|-
|nichts
| Tod
|nothing
| death
|-
|-
|nie
| Todesart
|never
| manner of death
|-
|-
|nieder
| Töpfer
|lower
| potter
|-
|-
|niederländisch
| tot
|Dutch, of the Netherlands
| dead
|-
|-
|noch
| Totengräber
|still
| grave digger
|-
|-
|noch lebende
| totgeboren
|still living
| stillborn
|-
|-
|noch nicht
| Trauung
|not yet
| marriage
|-
|-
|Nord
| Trennung
|north
| separation, divorce
|-
|-
|Notizen
| tschechisch
|notices, miscellaneous records
| Czech
|-
|-
|Nottaufe
| Tschechoslowakai
|emergency baptism
| Czechoslovakia
|-
|-
|November
| Tuberkulose
|November
| tuberculosis
|-
|-
|Nummer
| Tuchmacher
|number
| cloth maker, draper
|-
|-
|nur
| Tumor
|only
| tumor
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
 
==== U  ====


===O===
über


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|O.A. = Oberamt
| u.d. = und des, und der
|governing district office
| and of
|-
|-
|ober
| über
|upper, over
| about, concerning, over
|-
|-
|ober-, Ober-<br>(comb. form)
| überleben
|chief, head; upper, over
| survive
|-
|-
|Oberamt
| Uhr
|governing district office
| o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|-
|Oberpostamtmann
| um
|Head postmaster (or Chief Postoffice officer)
| at, about, around, concerning
|-
|-
|oder
| unbekannt
|or
| unknown
|-
|-
|öffentlich bekanntmachen
| und
|make known publicly
| and
|-
|-
|oft
| und der
|often
| and of
|-
|-
|Oheim, Ohm
| und des
|maternal uncle
| and of
|-
|-
|ohne
| unehelich
|without
| illegitimate
|-
|-
|ohne besonderes Gewerbe
| ungarisch
|without any particular occupation
| Hungarian
|-
|-
|Oktober
| Ungarn
|October
| Hungary
|-
|-
|Onkel
| ungefähr
|uncle
| about, circa, approximately
|-
|-
|Ort
| uns
|place, town
| us
|-
|-
|Ortslexikon
| unter
|gazetteer
| under, lower
|-
|-
|Osten
| Unterleib
|east
| abdomen
|-
|-
|Ostern
| Unterleibsentzündung
|Easter (could be March or April)
| abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|-
|Ostermonat
| Unterleibstyphus
|April
| typhoid fever
|-
|-
|Ostern
| Unterleibsverhärtung
|Easter
| abdomenal hardening
|-
|-
|Österreich
| Unterrichter
|Austria
| judge
|-
|-
|österreichisch
| Unterschrieben
|Austrian
| signed
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===P===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| Unterschrift
|'''English'''
| signature
|-
|-
|Pächter
| Unterzeichnete
|leaseholder
| the undersigned
|-
|-
|Pate
| unverheiratet
|godfather
| unmarried
|-
|-
|Paten
| Urenkelkind
|godparents
| great-grandchild
|-
|-
|Patin
| Urgroßmutter
|godmother
| great-grandmother
|-
|-
|Pest
| Urgroßvater
|plague
| great-grandfather
|-
|-
|Pfalz
| Urkunde
|Palatinate
| record, document
|-
|-
|Pfarramt
| Ururgroßmutter
|parish office
| great-great-grandmother
|-
|-
|Pfarrbuch
| Ururgroßvater
|parish register
| great-great-grandfather
|-
|-
|Pfarrei
| ux. = uxor
|parish
| wife
|-
|}
|Pfarrer
 
|parish minister, pastor
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
|-
 
|Pfarrverweser
==== V  ====
|curate in charge of the church parish
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Pfingsten
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|Pentecost
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Pflegekind
| Vater
|foster child
| father
|-
|-
|Pflegesohn
| verehelicht
|foster son
| married
|-
|-
|Pflegetochter
| Verehelichung
|foster daughter
| marriage
|-
|-
|Pfleggericht
| vergangen
|district court, local court (older form of Amtsgericht)
| past
|-
|-
|Plätterin
| vergraben
|ironer
| buried
|-
|-
|Platz
| verh. = verheiratet
|place (location)
| married
|-
|-
|Pocken
| Verkäufer
|pox, smallpox
| seller, vendor
|-
|-
|Polen
| verl. = verlobt
|Poland
| engaged
|-
|-
|polnisch
| verlebte
|Polish
| deceased
|-
|-
|Posamentierer
| verloben, sich
|A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
| to become engaged
|-
|-
|preußisch
| Verlobte
|Prussia
| fiancée
|-
|-
|Priester
| Verlobter
|priest
| fiancé
|-
|-
|Prinz
| Verlobung
|prince
| betrothal, engagement
|-
|-
|Prinzessin
| Vermieter
|princess
| landlord, lessor
|-
|-
|protestantisch
| Vermögen
|Protestant
| estate, assets
|-
|-
|Provinz
| Verpächter
|province
| landlord, lessor
|-
|-
|provinzial
| verrichtet
|provincial
| performed
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===R===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| verschiedene
|'''English'''
| various
|-
|-
|Räbbe
| versehen
|rabies
| given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|-
|Rabbiner
| Verstopfung
|rabbi
| constipation
|-
|-
|Räcke
| verstorben
|stiffness of the limbs
| deceased, defunct
|-
|-
|Racker
| Verstorbene
|renderer
| the deceased
|-
|-
|Rademacher, Radmacher
| Verwaltung
|wheelwright
| administration
|-
|-
|Radhauer
| Verwandten
|wheelwright
| relatives
|-
|-
|Rathaus
| Verwandtschaft
|city hall
| relationship
|-
|-
|Ratsherr
| verwitwet
|alderman
| widowed
|-
|-
|Ratsmann
| Verzeichnis
|councilman; town councilor
| register, list, index
|-
|-
|Rechnung
| Vetter
|account; bill
| male cousin
|-
|-
|rechtgläubig
| vid. = viduus, vidua
|orthodox
| widower, widow
|-
|-
|Rechtsanwalt
| vielleicht
|lawyer
| perhaps, maybe
|-
|-
|reformiert
| vier
|reformed
| four
|-
|-
|Regierungsbezirk
| vierte
|administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
| fourth
|-
|-
|Register
| vierundzwanzigste
|register (a book or list)
| twenty-fourth
|-
|-
|Reich
| vierzehn
|empire; kingdom
| fourteen
|-
|-
|Reifer
| vierzehnte
|ropemaker; rope merchant
| fourteenth
|-
|-
|Reiter
| vierzig
|rider; cavalryman
| forty
|-
|-
|relicta
| vierzigste
|widow
| fortieth
|-
|-
|relictus
| Vogt
|widower
| steward, overseer
|-
|-
|Religion
| Voigt
|religion
| steward, overseer
|-
|-
|ren. = renatus, renata
| Volkszählung
|baptized, christened
| census
|-
|-
|Rentner
| volljährig
|retired person
| of age, of legal age
|-
|-
|Rheuma
| vollzogen
|rheumatism
| performed
|-
|-
|Richter
| von
|judge
| of, from, by
|-
|-
|Rodel
| vor
|register
| before; ago
|-
|-
|Röseler
| vorherig
|whitewasher
| previous, preceding
|-
|-
|Rössler
| vorheriger Tag
|horseman; tanner
| the previous day
|-
|-
|römisch katholisch
| vorläufig
|Roman Catholic
| for the time being
|-
|-
|Röt
| vormals
|measles; bloody diarrhea
| formerly
|-
|-
|Rotgerber
| Vormittags
|red tanner
| in the morning
|-
|-
|Rotsucht, Rothsucht
| Vormund
|rubeola, measles
| guardian
|-
|-
|Ruhestand
| Vorname
|retirement
| given name
|-
|-
|Ruhr
| Vorstadt
|dysentery
| suburbs, outskirts of town
|-
|russisch
|Russian
|-
|Rußland
|Russia
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


===S===
==== W  ====


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|S. = Seite
| Wagner
|page
| cartwright
|-
|-
|s. = siehe
| Waise
|see the following reference
| orphan
|-
|-
|Sachsen
| Wald
|Saxony
| forest, woods
|-
|-
|Sackhuhn
| wann
|sailmaker
| when
|-
|-
|Säger
| Wappen
|sawyer
| coat of arms
|-
|-
|Salbung
| Wappenkunde
|anointing
| heraldry
|-
|-
|Salzmesser
| war
|a salt weigher
| was
|-
|-
|Salzvogt
| waren
|salt works overseer
| were
|-
|-
|Samstag
| warum
|Saturday
| why
|-
|-
|Sarkhauer
| was
|stonemason
| what
|-
|-
|Satertag
| Wassersucht
|Saturday
| dropsy, edema
|-
|-
|Sattler
| Weber
|saddler, leather worker
| weaver
|-
|-
|Schacherer
| Weduwe
|peddler
| widow
|-
|-
|Schäfer
| wegen
|shepherd
| because of
|-
|-
|Schaffer
| Wehmutter
|worker; laborer; administrator
| midwife
|-
|-
|Schäf(f)ler
| Weib
|cooper
| wife, woman
|-
|-
|Schaffmann
| weiblich
|worker
| female
|-
|-
|Schaffner
| weil. = weiland
|conductor
| deceased
|-
|-
|Schalbelehnter,
| weiland
Schaalbelehnter
| deceased
|one who works with scales, a weigher
|-
|-
|Schalck, Schall
| Weiland
|servant
| the deceased
|-
|-
|Scharlach, Scharlachfieber
| Weiler
|scarlet fever
| hamlet
|-
|-
|Schänker / Schenker
| weiß
|tavernkeeper; an innkeeper who taps beer or wine
| white
|-
|-
|Scharnemann
| Weißgerber
|merchant in a market
| tanner
|-
|-
|Scharrmacher
| welche
|wagon builder
| which
|-
|-
|Scharwerker
| wer
|day laborer on a farm
| who
|-
|-
|Schatter, Schattmann
| werden
|tax assessor
| to become
|-
|-
|Schatzmann
| West
|moneychanger; treasurer
| west
|-
|-
|Schatzmeister
| weyland
|treasurer
| deceased
|-
|-
|Scheibenreisser
| wie
|glazier
| how
|-
|-
|Scheibler
| Windpocken
|salt carrier
| chicken pox
|-
|-
|Scheiding
| Wintermonat
|September
| November
|-
|-
|Scheidler
| Wirt
|knife-blade maker
| innkeeper
|-
|-
|Scheidung
| Wittib
|divorce
| widow
|-
|-
|Schein
| Wittiber
|certificate
| widower
|-
|-
|Schenkungen
| Witwer
|donations
| widower
|-
|-
|Scherer
| wo
|barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
| where
|-
|-
|Schichtmeister
| Woche
|mine paymaster
| week
|-
|-
|Schiffbauer
| Wochenbett
|shipbuilder
| childbed
|-
|-
|Schiffer
| woher
|shipper; seaman
| from where
|-
|-
|Schiffmann
| wohnen
|sailor
| to live, residing
|-
|-
|Schiffsmakler
| Wohnort
|shipbroker; shipping agent
| place of residence
|-
|-
|Schilderer
| Wohnplatz
|sign painter
| place of residence
|-
|-
|Schindeldecker
| Wohnung
|roofer of shingle roofs
| domicile, residence
|-
|-
|Schindelmacher
| wollen
|shingle maker
| to want
|-
|-
|Schinner
| Wonnemonat
|renderer, skinner
| May
|-
|-
|Schirmmacher
| Wörterbuch
|umbrella maker
| dictionary
|-
|-
|Schirrmacher
| wurde geboren
|wagon maker
| was born
|-
|-
|Schirrmeister
| wurde getauft
|master wagon maker
| was baptized
|-
|-
|Schlachter, Schlächter
| würdig
|butcher
| worthy
|-
|-
|Schlachtmann
| Wwe. = Witwe
|butcher
| widow
|-
|-
|Schlachtwanter
| Wwer. = Witwer
|clothing wholesaler
| widower
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
==== X  ====
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
|Schlafbaas
| width="25%" | '''German'''
|innkeeper
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|Schlaganfall
| Xber,&nbsp;Xbris  
|stroke, seizure
| December
|-
|}
|Schlagfluß
 
|stroke
|-
|Schlieper
|knifemaker; cutler
|-
|Schlieter
|merchant
|-
|Schloß
|castle
|-
|Schlosser
|locksmith
|-
|Schlotfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schlotthauer
|locksmith
|-
|Schmied
|smith
|-
|Schneide Müllergeselle
|sawmiller's assistant
|-
|Schneider
|tailor
|-
|Schnitzer, Schnitzler
|woodcarver
|-
|Schopper
|ship's carpenter
|-
|Schornsteinfeger
|chimneysweep
|-
|Schosserheber
|tax collector
|-
|Schösser
|tax collector
|-
|Schotte
|peddler
|-
|Schottler
|turner; key maker
|-
|Schottilier
|turner; carpenter
|-
|Schreiber
|scribe, clerk
|-
|Schreiner
|cabinetmaker, joiner
|-
|Schriftsetzer
|typesetter, typographer
|-
|Schroder, Schröder
|tailor
|-
|Schröer
|tailor
|-
|Schröter
|tailor; carter; driver; cooper
|-
|Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert
|shoemaker
|-
|Schuhmacher
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schule
|school
|-
|Schullehrer
|schoolteacher
|-
|Schultheiß, Schulze
|village mayor, head of town council
|-
|Schüssler
|bowl maker
|-
|Schuster
|shoemaker, cobbler
|-
|Schutzmann
|policeman
|-
|Schuwarte
|shoemaker
|-
|Schwäche
|weakness
|-
|Schwager
|brother-in-law
|-
|Schwägerin
|sister-in-law
|-
|Schwaiger
|shepherd
|-
|schwanger
|pregnant
|-
|schwarz
|black
|-
|schwarzer Tod
|black death; plague
|-
|Schwarzgiesser
|iron smelter
|-
|Schwein(e)hirt(h)
|pigherd
|-
|Schweisser
|welder
|-
|Schweiz
|Switzerland
|-
|Schweizer
|Swiss; also a dairyman
|-
|Schwendimann
|settler on recently burned woodland
|-
|Schwerdtfeger
|armorer
|-
|Schwester
|sister
|-
|Schwiegermutter
|mother-in-law
|-
|Schwiegersohn
|son-in-law
|-
|Schwiegertochter
|daughter-in-law
|-
|Schwiegervater
|father-in-law
|-
|Schwindsucht
|consumption
|-
|S.d. = Sohn des, der
|son of
|-
|sechs
|six
|-
|sechste
|sixth
|-
|sechsundzwanzig
|twenty-six
|-
|sechsundzwanzigste
|twenty-sixth
|-
|sechzehnhundert
|sixteen hundred
|-
|sechzehn
|sixteen
|-
|sechzehnte
|sixteenth
|-
|sechzig
|sixty
|-
|sechzigste
|sixtieth
|-
|See
|lake
|-
|Seelen
|souls
|-
|Seelenregister
|church membership list
|-
|Seelsorger
|minister, chaplain
|-
|Seemann
|sailor
|-
|Segner
|fisherman
|-
|Seifensieder
|soap maker
|-
|Seigner
|fisherman
|-
|Seiler
|rope maker
|-
|sein
|to be; his
|-
|seit
|since
|-
|(mütterlicher/väterlicher) Seits
|on the (maternal/paternal) side
|-
|Seite
|page
|-
|Seitenstechen
|stitch, pain in the side
|-
|selige
|(the) late, blessed
|-
|September
|September
|-
|Sibber
|sieve maker
|-
|Sibmacher
|sieve maker
|-
|sich
|himself, herself, itself
|-
|sie
|she, they
|-
|Sie
|you
|-
|sieben
|seven
|-
|siebente
|seventh
|-
|siebenundzwanzigste
|twenty-seventh
|-
|siebte
|seventh
|-
|siebzehn
|seventeen
|-
|siebzehnhundert
|seventeen hundred
|-
|siebzehnte
|seventeenth
|-
|siebzig
|seventy
|-
|siebzigste
|seventieth
|-
|Sieder
|soap maker
|-
|Siedler
|settler
|-
|siehe
|see
|-
|Sigrist
|sexton
|-
|sind
|are
|-
|so
|as, so, thus, such
|-
|Sohn
|son
|-
|Söhnlein, Söhnchen
|young son
|-
|Soldat
|soldier
|-
|Sölde
|plot of land
|-
|Söldner
|mercenary soldier, day laborer, or farmer
|-
|sollen
|should
|-
|Sonnabend
|Saturday
|-
|Sonntag
|Sunday
|-
|spät
|late (p.m.)
|-
|Spengler
|plumber; tinsmith
|-
|spur. = spurius, spuria
|illegitimate
|-
|Staat
|state
|-
|Staatsangehörigkeit
|citizenship, nationality
|-
|Staatsarchiv
|state archives
|-
|Stadt
|city
|-
|Stammbaum
|family tree, pedigree
|-
|Stand
|occupation, status, condition
|-
|Standesamt
|civil registrar’s office
|-
|starb
|died
|-
|Steinhauer
|stonecutter
|-
|Steinmetz
|stonemason
|-
|stellen
|place, put, impose
|-
|Stellmacher
|wheelwright, cartwright (a craftsman who builds or repairs wooden wheels.)
|-
|Sterbefälle
|deaths
|-
|sterben
|to die
|-
|Steuer
|tax
|-
|Stickfluß
|asthma
|-
|Stiefbruder
|half brother, stepbrother
|-
|Stiefkind
|stepchild
|-
|Stiefmutter
|stepmother
|-
|Stiefschwester
|half sister, stepsister
|-
|Stiefvater
|stepfather
|-
|Stillgeburt
|stillbirth
|-
|Straße
|street
|-
|Stunde
|hour
|-
|Sucht
|sickness, mania, rage
|-
|Süden
|south
|-
|S.v. = Sohn von
|son of
|}
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===T===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|T.d. = Tochter des, der
|daughter of
|-
|T.v. = Tochter von
|daughter of
|-
|Tabelle
|index, table
|-
|Tag
|day
|-
|Tagelöhner, Taglöhner
|day laborer
|-
|Tagner
|day laborer
|-
|Tal, Thal
|valley
|-
|Tante
|aunt
|-
|Tapazier
|(wall)paper hanger
|-
|Tapeten
|wallpaper, hangings
|-
|Tapezierer
|Upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfe
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapezierergehilfin
|Assistant upholsterer
|-
|Tapeziermeister
|Master upholsterer
|-
|Taufe
|baptism
|-
|taufen
|to baptize
|-
|Taufpaten
|godparents
|-
|Taufschein
|baptismal certificate
|-
|tausend
|thousand
|-
|Telegraphenberwerkmeister
|senior Telegraph foreman
|-
|Testament
|will
|-
|Tischler
|cabinetmaker, furniture maker
|-
|Tochter
|daughter
|-
|Töchterchen
|young daughter
|-
|Töchterlein
|young daughter
|-
|Tochtermann
|son-in-law
|-
|Tod
|death
|-
|Todesart
|manner of death
|-
|Töpfer
|potter
|-
|tot
|dead
|-
|Totengräber
|grave digger
|-
|totgeboren, todtgeboren
|stillborn
|-
|Trauung
|marriage
|-
|Trennung
|separation, divorce
|-
|tschechisch
|Czech
|-
|Tschechoslowakai
|Czechoslovakia
|-
|Tschismenmacher
|shoemaker, maker of Hungarian boots
|-
|Tuberkulose
|tuberculosis
|-
|Tuchbereiter
| cloth-dresser (cropper)
|-
|Tuchmacher
|cloth maker, draper
|-
|Tumor
|tumor
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===U===
 
über
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|u.d. = und des, und der
|and of
|-
|über
|about, concerning, over
|-
|überleben
|survive
|-
|Uhr
|o’clock, clock, watch
|-
|um
|at, about, around, concerning
|-
|unbekannt
|unknown
|-
|und
|and
|-
|und der
|and of
|-
|und des
|and of
|-
|unehelich
|illegitimate
|-
|ungarisch
|Hungarian
|-
|Ungarn
|Hungary
|-
|ungefähr
|about, circa, approximately
|-
|uns
|us
|-
|unter
|under, lower
|-
|Unterleib
|abdomen
|-
|Unterleibsentzündung
|abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
|-
|Unterleibstyphus
|typhoid fever
|-
|Unterleibsverhärtung
|abdomenal hardening
|-
|Unterrichter
|judge
|-
|Unterschrieben
|signed
|-
|Unterschrift
|signature
|-
|Unterzeichnete
|the undersigned
|-
|unverheiratet, unverehelicht
|unmarried
|-
|unzeitiges Kind
|premature child
|-
|Urenkelkind
|great-grandchild
|-
|Urgroßmutter
|great-grandmother
|-
|Urgroßvater
|great-grandfather
|-
|Urkunde
|record, document
|-
|Ururgroßmutter
|great-great-grandmother
|-
|Ururgroßvater
|great-great-grandfather
|-
|ux. = uxor
|wife
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===V===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Vater
|father
|-
|verehelicht
|married
|-
|Verehelichung
|marriage
|-
|vergangen
|past
|-
|vergraben
|buried
|-
|verh. = verheiratet
|married
|-
|Verkäufer
|seller, vendor
|-
|verl. = verlobt
|engaged
|-
|verlebte
|deceased
|-
|verloben, sich
|to become engaged
|-
|Verlobte
|fiancée
|-
|Verlobter
|fiancé
|-
|Verlobung
|betrothal, engagement
|-
|Vermieter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|Vermögen
|estate, assets
|-
|Verpächter
|landlord, lessor
|-
|verrichtet
|performed
|-
|verschiedene
|various
|-
|versehen
|given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
|-
|Verstopfung
|constipation
|-
|verstorben
|deceased, defunct
|-
|Verstorbene
|the deceased
|-
|Verwaltung
|administration
|-
|Verwandten
|relatives
|-
|Verwandtschaft
|relationship
|-
|verwitwet
|widowed
|-
|Verzeichnis
|register, list, index
|-
|Vetter
|male cousin
|-
|vid. = viduus, vidua
|widower, widow
|-
|vielleicht
|perhaps, maybe
|-
|vier
|four
|-
|vierte
|fourth
|-
|vierundzwanzigste
|twenty-fourth
|-
|vierzehn
|fourteen
|-
|vierzehnte
|fourteenth
|-
|vierzig
|forty
|-
|vierzigste
|fortieth
|-
|Vogt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Voigt
|steward, overseer
|-
|Volkszählung
|census
|-
|volljährig
|of age, of legal age
|-
|vollzogen
|performed
|-
|von
|of, from, by
|-
|vor
|before; ago
|-
|vorgestern
|the day before yesterday
|-
|vorherig
|previous, preceding
|-
|vorheriger Tag
|the previous day
|-
|vorläufig
|for the time being
|-
|vormals
|formerly
|-
|Vormittags
|in the morning
|-
|Vormund
|guardian
|-
|Vorname
|given name
|-
|Vorstadt
|suburbs, outskirts of town
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===W===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Wagner
|cartwright
|-
|Waise
|orphan
|-
|Wald
|forest, woods
|-
|wann
|when
|-
|Wappen
|coat of arms
|-
|Wappenkunde
|heraldry
|-
|war
|was
|-
|waren
|were
|-
|warum
|why
|-
|was
|what
|-
|Wassersucht
|dropsy, edema
|-
|Weber
|weaver
|-
|Weduwe
|widow
|-
|wegen
|because of
|-
|Wehmutter
|midwife
|-
|Weib
|wife, woman
|-
|weiblich
|female
|-
|weil. = weiland
|deceased
|-
|weiland
|deceased
|-
|Weiland
|the deceased
|-
|Weiler
|hamlet
|-
|weiß
|white
|-
|Weißgerber
|tanner
|-
|welche
|which
|-
|Weltpriester
|a secular priest
|-
|wer
|who
|-
|werden
|to become
|-
|West
|west
|-
|weyland
|deceased
|-
|wie
|how
|-
|Wiedertäufer
|Anabaptist
|-
|Windpocken
|chicken pox
|-
|Wintermonat
|November
|-
|Wirt
|innkeeper or owner of a pub, tavern, restaurant, inn
|-
|Wittib
|widow
|-
|Wittiber
|widower
|-
|Witwer
|widower
|-
|wo
|where
|-
|Woche
|week
|-
|Wochenbett
|childbed
|-
|Wöchnerin
|woman in childbed
|-
|woher
|from where
|-
|wohnen
|to live, residing
|-
|Wohnort
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnplatz
|place of residence
|-
|Wohnung
|domicile, residence
|-
|wollen
|to want
|-
|Wonnemonat
|May
|-
|Wörterbuch
|dictionary
|-
|wurde geboren
|was born
|-
|wurde getauft
|was baptized
|-
|würdig
|worthy
|-
|Wwe. = Witwe
|widow
|-
|Wwer. = Witwer
|widower
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}
 
===X===
 
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Xber, Xbris
|December
|}
 
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


===Z===
==== Z ====


{| width="100%" border="1"
{| width="100%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''German'''
| width="25%" | '''German'''  
|'''English'''
| '''English'''
|-
|zählen
|to count
|-
|Zahnkrämpfe
|teething
|-
|Zähnen, Zähnung
|teething
|-
|-
|zehn
| zählen
|ten
| to count
|-
|-
|Zehnt(en)buch
| Zahnkrämpfe
|tithing book
| teething
|-
|-
|zehnte
| Zahnung
|tenth
| teething
|-
|-
|Zehnten
| zehn
|tithes
| ten
|-
|-
|zehrendes Fieber
| Zehnt(en)buch
|consumptive fever
| tithing book
|-
|-
|Zehrung
| zehnte
|consumption
| tenth
|-
|-
|Zeit
| Zehnten
|time
| tithes
|-
|-
|Zentner
| zehrendes Fieber
|hundredweight
| consumptive fever
|-
|-
|Zeuge
| Zehrung
|witness
| consuption
|-
|-
|Ziegler
| Zeit
|brick maker
| time
|-
|-
|Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
| Zeuge
|foster mother, son, daughter
| witness
|-
|-
|Zimmermann
| Ziegler
|Carpenter
| brick maker
|-
|-
|Zivilstandsamt
| Ziehmutter, -sohn,<br>-tochter
|civil registrar's office
| foster mother, son, daughter
|-
|-
|Zöllner
| Zimmermann
|publican, tax collector
| Carpenter
|-
|-
|zu Hause
| Zivilstandsamt
|at home
| civil registrar's office
|-
|-
|Zukunft
| Zöllner
|future
| publican, tax collector
|-
|-
|Zuname
| zu Hause
|surname, last name
| at home
|-
|-
|zusammen
| Zukunft
|together
| future
|-
|-
|zuständig nach, heimatberechtigt in, ansässig in
| Zuname
|entitled to reside in/home rights in (a place), residing in, resident of
| surname, last name
|-
|-
|Zuständigkeitsort
| zusammen
|place of jurisdiction
| together
|-
|-
|zwanzig
| zwanzig  
|twenty
| twenty
|-
|-
|zwanzigte
| zwanzigte  
|twentieth
| twentieth
|-
|-
|zwei
| zwei  
|two
| two
|-
|-
|zweihundert
| zweihundert  
|two hundred
| two hundred
|-
|-
|zwei tausend
| zwei tausend  
|two thousand
| two thousand
|-
|-
|zweite
| zweite  
|second
| second
|-
|-
|zweiundzwanzigste
| zweiundzwanzigste  
|twenty-second
| twenty-second
|-
|-
|Zwilling(e)
| Zwilling(e)  
|twin, twins
| twin, twins
|-
|-
|zwischen
| zwischen  
|between
| between
|-
|-
|zwölf
| zwölf  
|twelve
| twelve
|-
|-
|Zwölfer
| Zwölfer  
|member of a council
| member of a council
|-
|-
|zwölfte
| zwölfte  
|twelfth
| twelfth
|}
|}


{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}  


[[Category:Germany Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Germany|Word List]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]
[[Category:Spelling Substitution]]
[[Category:Word_List]]

Revision as of 18:56, 17 February 2015

This list contains German words with their English translations. On most computers, CTL+F will search this page for the word you wish to translate. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a German-English dictionary. Latin words are often found in German records, and a few are included in this list. See the Latin Word List (34077).

German is spoken in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. Records written in German may be found in these countries and also in parts of Poland, Denmark, Luxembourg, Czech Republic, Hungary, and wherever German people settled. There are several different dialects in the German language. For example, in the province of Westfalen and other areas of Germany that border the Netherlands, you may notice words that are closely related to Dutch words. You may find the Dutch word list useful when working with these records.

In addition, German is found in some early records of the United States, such as in Pennsylvania, Texas, Wisconsin, and other states where Germans lived.

Language Characteristics[edit | edit source]

German words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are always capitalized. All nouns are classified as masculine, feminine, or neuter. This classification is called gender. The gender of a noun is indicated by der (masculine), die (feminine), and das (neuter), which translates as "the." Word endings may vary, depending on the way the words are used in the sentence.

Variant Forms of Words

In German, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in the sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. In German, the form of many words can change greatly. This word list gives the standard form of each German word. As you read German records, you will need to be aware that some words vary with usage.

The endings of words in a document may differ from those on this list. For example, the document may use the word junger, but you will find it in this word list as jung. In addition, the suffixes -chen and -lein are often added to words to indicate "little." Therefore, the word Söhnchen means "little or young son," and Töchterlein means "little or young daughter."

Adjectives describe nouns and must have the proper masculine, feminine, or neuter endings. For example, in German you would say "junger Mann" (young man) or "junges Mädchen" (young maiden) if man and maiden are the subjects of a sentence. Adjective endings can change depending on usage and gender.

Plural words are usually formed by adding -er, -en, or -e. Thus the word Kind becomes Kinder, Frau becomes Frauen, and Aufgebot becomes Aufgebote. Plurality may also change the vowel slightly. For example, Mann becomes Männer.

In German, many words are formed by joining two or more words. Very few of these compound words are included in this list. You will need to look up each part of the word separately. For example, Geburtstag is a combination of two words, Geburt (birth) and Tag (day).

Diacritic Marks[edit | edit source]

Written German uses several letters in addition to the 26 letters used in the English alphabet. These are Ä (ä), Ö (ö), Ü (ü), and ß. Historically, German also included Ÿ (ÿ) which today have been primarily replaced phonetically with the letters I (i) and Ü (ü).

For data entry and some searches, it is useful to know how to create these characters. Note: Do not use diacritics when searching in the FamilySearch Catalog.

From a PC keyboard, these letters may be created by using the following keystroke combinations:

Letter Code Letter Code
Ä Alt + 0196 ä Alt + 0228
Ö Alt + 0214 ö Alt + 0246
Ü Alt + 0220 ü Alt + 0252
ß Alt + 0223    
Ÿ Alt + 0159 ÿ Alt + 0255

Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]

German letters with diacritic marks will be alphabetized in this publication as though they were a, o, u, and ss. However, many dictionaries and gazetteers will alphabetize these characters as if they were ae, oe, ue, and ss.

Spelling[edit | edit source]

Because spelling rules were not standardized in earlier centuries, spelling variations are common. Local dialect often affects the spelling in genealogical records. In German records, the following letters are sometimes used interchangeably:

  • p used for b
  • a used for e
  • t used for d or dt
  • s used for z
  • ck used for k
  • y used for i or j
  • v used for w or f
  • k used for g
  • tz used for z
  • ig used for isch or ich
  • t used for th
  • u used for i

Examples:

  • Freytag for Freitag
  • Burckhart for Burkhard
  • Waldpurga for Waldburga
  • undt for und

Additional Resources[edit | edit source]

This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a German-English dictionary. Several German-English dictionaries are available in the Family History Library. These are in the European collection. The call numbers begin with 433.21.

Particularly helpful dictionaries include:

  • Langenscheidt New Muret-Sanders Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English and German Languages. Berlin, Germany: Langenscheidt, 1969, 1974 (FHL book 433.21 Sp83n).
  • The New Cassell’s German Dictionary, German-English, English-German. New York, NY, USA: Funk and Wagnalls, Inc., 1971 (FHL book 433.211 C272 1971).
  • Rudy's List of Archaic Medical Terms. German and Latin terms are included at this website.
  • Das Deutsche Wörterbuch / Deutsches Wörterbuch (DWB, The "German Dictionary" / "German Dictionary") is one of the most important dictionaries of the German language. Written entirely in German, the dictionary contains 32 volumes and includes about 350,000 main entries. It is particularly useful for finding the meaning of words in genealogical documents that are no longer used in modern German. See the online version by clicking here.

Additional dictionaries are listed in the subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under GERMAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES or in the locality section under GERMANY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.

A wiki article describing an online collection is found at:

Germany, Saxony, Freiberg Funeral Sermons (FamilySearch Historical Records)


Key Words[edit | edit source]

To find and use specific types of German records, you will need to know some key words in German. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the German words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find German words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in German records to indicate marriage.

English German
birth Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
burial Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
Catholic katholisch
child Kind, Kinder
christening Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
confirmations Konfirmationen, Firmungen
civil registry Standesamt
death Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
father Vater
husband Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
index Verzeichnis, Register
Jewish jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
marriage banns Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
marriage Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
month Monat
mother Mutter
name, given Vorname, Name
name, surname Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
parents Eltern
parish Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
Protestant evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
Reformed reformiert
wife Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
year Jahr

Numbers[edit | edit source]

Number Cardinal Ordinal
1 eins erste
2 zwei zweite
3 drei
dreÿ 		dritte
4 vier vierte
5 fünf fünfte
6 sechs sechste
7 sieben siebte
8 acht achte
9 neun neunte
10 zehn zehnte
11 elf elfte
12 zwölf zwölfte
13 dreizehn dreizehnte
14 vierzehn vierzehnte
15 fünfzehn fünfzehnte
16 sechzehn sechzehnte
17 siebzehn siebzehnte
18 achtzehn achtzehnte
19 neunzehn neunzehnte
20 zwanzig zwanzigste
21 einundzwanzig einundzwanzigste
22 zweiundzwanzig zweiundzwanzigste
23 dreiundzwanzig dreiundzwanzigste
24 vierundzwanzig vierundzwanzigste
25 fünfundzwanzig fünfundzwanzigste
26 sechsundzwanzig sechsundzwanzigste
27 siebenundzwanzig siebenundzwanzigste
28 achtundzwanzig achtundzwanzigste
29 neunundzwanzig neunundzwanzigste
30 dreißig dreißigste
31 einunddreißig einunddreißigste
40 vierzig vierzigste
50 fünfzig fünfzigste
60 sechzig sechzigste
70 siebzig siebzigste
80 achtzig achtzigste
90 neunzig neunzigste
100 (ein)hundert (ein)hundertste
101 (ein)hunderteins (ein)hunderterste
102 (ein)hundertzwei (ein)hundertzweite
120 (ein)hundertzwanzig (ein)hundertzwanzigste
121 (ein)hunderteinundzwanzig (ein)hunderteinundzwanzigste
122 (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzig (ein)hundertzweiundzwanzigste
200 zweihundert zweihundertste
300 dreihundert dreihundertste

General Word List[edit | edit source]

Note: In German, letters with diacritical marks are alphabetized as if they did not have a diacritical mark. In some other languages, they are alphabetized separately.

A[edit | edit source]

German English
A. = Amt, Amtsbezirk government office, official district
Ab., Abe. = Abbaue(e), Ausbau(e) surface mine(s)
Abt. = Abteilung department
a/d = an der, auf der on the, by the (followed by the name of a river or other geographical feature)
A.G. = Amtsgericht lower court, county court
Anh. = Anhalt duchy
ab from, since
Abbauer tenant on a (new, split-off) farm; heir with a small part of a farm (usually a second son)
Abdecker skinner
Abend evening
Abendmahlgast communicant
abends in the evening
Abenteurer jeweler, jewel trader; adventurer
aber but
abgestorben deceased
Ablader longshoreman
Abnahmemann retired farmer on life estate
Abnehmer photographer
Abschiedsmann man retired on life estate
absterben to die, to die off
Abstreifer renderer; flayer
Abzehrung emaciation, wasting
acht eight
achte eighth
Achter juryman
achtundzwanzigste twenty-eighth
achtzehn eighteen
achtzehnhundert eighteen hundred
achtzehnte eighteenth
achtzig eighty
achtzigste eightieth
Ackermann farmer
Adel gentry, nobleman
a.D. = außer Dienst formerly employed, retired
adoptiert adopted
Ahnen ancestors
Ahnentafel pedigree chart
Akten documents
alle all
allhier in this place
alt old
Altbürger full citizen
Alter age
Altersschwäche weakness of old age
ältest eldest
alt-katholisch old Catholic
Amman bailiff, magistrate
Amt office, district
Anbauer peasant
andere other, next
Angeber informant
angeblich alleged, assumed
Anhalt duchy
Anmerkungen remarks
Anspänner farmer
apostolisch Apostolic
April April
Arbeiter laborer, worker
Archiv archive
arm poor
Armut poverty
Arzt physician
auch also, too
auf on, upon, at
aufbieten post banns
Aufenthaltserlaubnis residence permit
Aufenthaltsort residence
Aufgebot publication of banns
Aufnahmebuch book listing debts
Aufnahmeland country to which one immigrated
August August
aus from, out of
außen outside
äußere outside, outward, external
außerehelich illegitimate
Auswanderer emigrant
Auswanderung emigration
Ausweis identification document
Auszehrung consumption or emaciation (especially from TB)
Auszug extract
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

B[edit | edit source]

German English
B. = Bezirk district or area
BA. = Bezirksamt district office
Bay. = Bayern Bavaria
Bd. = Band volume
Bhf. = Bahnhof railroad station
Bkdo. = Bezirkskommando military district command
bz. = beziehungsweise or, respectively
Bäcker baker
Bad spa, resort
Badeort spa, health resort
Band volume
Baptist Baptist
Baron baron
Bauer farmer, peasant
Bayern Bavaria
Beamter official, registrar
Beck(er) baker
beerdigt buried
Beerdigung burial, interment
beglaubigt certified, attested
begraben buried
Begräbnis burial
Beichte confession
beide both
Beilage supplement
Bekannte(r) acquaintance
Bekehrung conversion
Belege proof, documentation
Bemerkungen remarks
Berg hill, mountain
Bergmann miner
Beruf occupation, profession
Beschreibung description
Besitzer possessor, proprietor, owner
bestätigt confirmed, verified
bestattet buried
bettlägerig bedridden
Bettler beggar
Bevölkerungsregister population register
bevorstehend previously mentioned
Bezirk district
Biographie biography
Bischof bishop
Bistum diocese
Blattern smallpox
blutend bleeding
Blütenmonat May
Blutsverwandschaft blood relationship
Böhmen Bohemia
Bootsmann bargeman, boatman
Böttcher cooper, barrel maker
Brauer brewer
Bräune diptheria
Braut bride
Bräutigam bridegroom
Brücke bridge
Bruder brother
Bub boy
Buch book
Büdner cottager
Burg castle, fortress
Bürger burgher, citizen, citizens
Bürgerbuch citizen register
Bürgermeister mayor
Büttner barrel maker
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

C[edit | edit source]

German English
ca. = circa about
Chirug surgeon
Christmonat December
Colonist settler, tenant farmer
Comparent informant
copulieren to marry
Cossate, Cossathe cottager
cribrarius sieve maker (Latin)
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

D[edit | edit source]

German English
d. = der, dem, des, die, das the
D. = Dorf village
das. = daselbst residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
Dachdecker roofer
dänisch Danish
das the
daselbst residing in this place, there, the previously mentioned place
Datum date
Dekanat deanery
dem, den the
der the, of the
derselbe the same
des of the
deutsch German
Deutschland Germany
Dezember December
die the
Diener servant
Dienst service, employment
Dienstag Tuesday
Dienstmagd servant girl
dieser this, these
Distrikt district
Domäne domain
Donnerstag Thursday
Dorf village
dort there
drei three
dreißig thirty
dreißigste thirtieth
dreiundzwanzigste twenty-third
dreizehn thirteen
dreizehnte thirteenth
dritte third
Duplikat duplicate record
durch through
Durchfall diarrhea
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

E[edit | edit source]

German English
E. = Einwohner residents, population
Eis. = Eisenbahn railroad, train
Ev., ev. = Evangelische, evangelisch Evangelical (Lutheran)
ebenda at the same place
Ehe marriage
Ehebrecher adulterer
Ehebruch adultery
Ehefrau wife, housewife
Ehehindernis hinderance to marriage
ehel. = ehelich legitimate
eheleiblich legitimate
Eheleute married couple
ehelich legitimate
ehemals formerly
Ehemann husband
Ehepaar married couple
Ehescheidung divorce
Eheschließung marriage
Ehestand married state
Eheverkündigungen marriage banns
Eheversprechen, Eheverspruch betrothal, engagement
Eidam (Eidmann) son-in-law
Eigentümer proprietor, property owner
ein, eine a, one, an
Einbürgerung naturalization
Einlieger landless farm laborer
eins one
Einsender informant, declarant
eintausendachthundert eighteen hundred
eintausendfünfhundert fifteen hundred
eintausendneunhundert nineteen hundred
eintausendsechshundert sixteen hundred
eintausendsiebenhundert seventeen hundred
einunddreissig thirty-one
einunddreissigste thirty-first
einundzwanzigste twenty-first
Einwanderer immigrant
Einwanderung immigration
Einwilligung permission
Einwohner inhabitant
einzige only
Eisenbahn railroad
Eiterbeule abscess
elf eleven
elfte eleventh
Eltern parents
Enkel grandson
Enkelin granddaughter
Enkelkind grandchild
eod(em) the same, ditto
Epilepsie epilepsy
er he
Erben heirs
Erbschaft inheritance
erhalten received, receive
erklärt declared
Erlassung dispensation, permission
Ermächtigung authorization
Ernting August
errechnet approximated, calculated
erschien appeared
erste first
erstgeboren firstborn
ertrank, ertrunken drowned
erzeugen beget
erzeugt begat
es it
et uxor and wife (Latin)
evangelisch evangelical
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

F[edit | edit source]

German English
Fabrikant manufacturer
Familie family
Familienbuch family register
Familienforschung genealogical research
Familienregister family register
Färber dyer
Faßbinder cooper, barrel maker
Fäule cancer
Fayencenhändler porcelain merchant
Februar February
Fehlgeburt miscarriage
Festtag feast day, festival day, holy day
Festung fortress
Fieber fever
Findling foundling
Firmung confirmation
Fischer fisher
Fl. = Florin standard monetary unit
Flecken hamlet, also measles or spots
Fleckfieber spotted fever, typhus
Fleischer butcher
Fleischhauer butcher
Flüchtling refugee, deserter
Fluß river
folgende following, next
Forst forest
Förster forester
Fourier quartermaster
Fraisen convulsions, epilepsy, seizures, spasms
Frankreich France
Frau Mrs., wife, woman
Fräulein Miss, unmarried woman
Freibauer farmer who owns his own land
Freiherr baron
Freitag Friday
fremd foreign, strange
Freund friend
Friedhof cemetery
früh early (a.m.)
früher former, formerly
fünf five
fifth
fünfundzwanzigste twenty-fifth
fünfzehn fifteen
fünfzehnhundert fifteen hundred
fünfzehnte fifteenth
fünfzig fifty
fünfzigste fiftieth
für for
Fürst prince, count
Fürstentum principality
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

G[edit | edit source]

German English
G. = Gericht court
geb. = geboren born, maiden name
Gem. = Gemeinde community, municipality, parish, town
gest. = gestorben died
get. = getauft baptized, christened
Gr. = Groß Great (part of place name)
Gärtner gardener
Gastwirt innkeeper
Gatte husband
Gattin wife
geben, gab given, gave
Gebiet region, area, zone
geboren born, maiden name
Gebühren fees
Geburt birth
Geburtsort place of birth
Geburtsschein birth certificate
Geburtsurkunde birth certificate
gegen against, towards
geheiratet married
gehört belongs (to)
Geistliche(r) clergyman
Gelbsucht jaundice
Geld money
Gemahl(in) spouse, husband, wife
Gemeinde community, municipality, parish, town
Gemeindemann village official, village resident
Gemeindsmann citizen with full rights
gemelli twins
genannt named, alias, called
Genealogie genealogy
Gerber tanner
Gericht court
Gerichtsmann juryman
Gerichtsschreiber court clerk
Gerichtsverwandter member of the judicial court
gesagt said, stated
Geschichte history
geschieden divorced
Geschlecht gender, sex, lineage
Geschlechterbücher lineage books
Geschlechtsname surname
Geschwister siblings, brothers and sisters
Geschwulst swelling, tumor
Geselle journeyman
Gesellschaft society, group
Gesetz law
gesetzlich legal
gestern yesterday
gestorben died
Getaufte person who was baptized
getr. = getraut married
Getraute married couple
Gevatter godfather
Gewerbe trade, occupation
Gicht gout, arthritis
Gilde guild
Glaube belief, faith
Glauben religious affiliation
gleich same, alike, similar, right away
Graf count (nobleman), earl
Grafschaft county
Grenze border
groß big, great, large
Großeltern grandparents
großjährig of age
Großmutter grandmother
Großneffe great-nephew
Großnichte great-niece
Großvater grandfather
Grundbuch land register
Gulden standard monetary unit, florin
Gürtler maker of straps and belts
Gut property, estate
gut good
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

H[edit | edit source]

German English
Hann. = Hannover Hannover
Herrsch. = Herrschaft manor, estate, domain
Hessen-N. = Hessen-Nassau Prussian province
hzl. = herzoglich of the duke
Hzt. = Herzogtum duchy
haben to have
halb half
halb drei half three = 2:30 (time)
halb eins half one = 12:30 (time)
halb zwei half two = 1:30 (time)
Halbbauer small farmer
Halbmeier small farmer
Händler trader, merchant, peddler
Hartung January
Haupt- chief, main
Haus house
Hausfrau housewife
Häusler cottager
Hausmädchen housemaid
Hebamme midwife
Heilquelle spa, bath
Heimat home, native place, homeland
Heimatschein domicile or residency certificate
Heimatsort place of birth, home town
Heirat marriage
heiraten to marry
Heiratsantrag marriage intentions
Heiratsbelege marriage supplements
Heiratskontrakt marriage contracts
Heiratsprotokolle marriage records
Heiratsschein marriage certificate
heißt is named
Hektar hectare (10,000 square meters or 2.47 U.S. acres)
Heraldik heraldry
Herkunftsort place of origin
Herr Mister, Lord, lord
Herrschaft estate, dominion
Herzog duke
Herzogtum duchy
Hessische Hessian
Heuerling dayworker, hireling
Heuert, Heumonat July
heute today
hier here
hiesiger Ort this place
Hinterbliebene survivors
hinterlassen surviving, left behind
Hirt herdsman
hitziges Fieber burning fever, high fever
hoch high
Hochzeit wedding
Hof courtyard, farm, yard, estate
Hofprediger chaplain
Holländer Dutchman, dairykeeper
Hornung February
Hüfner farmer
Hufschmied blacksmith
Hügel hill
hundert hundred
Hurenkind illegitimate child
Husten cough
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

I[edit | edit source]

German English
ihr, ihr- their, her
im in the
immer always
in in, at
Inhalt content(s)
innerhalb inside of
Innung guild
Instmann tenant farmer
ist is
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

J[edit | edit source]

German English
Jäger hunter, rifleman in the military
Jahr year
Jahrestag anniversary
Jahreszeit season
Jahrhundert century
jährlich annual, yearly
Jahrzehnt decade
Jänner January
Januar January
jeder (jede, jedes) each, every
Jgfr. = Jungfrau, Jungfer maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
jüdisch Jewish
Jugend youth, adolescence
Juli July
Julmonat December
jung young
Junge a youth (male)
Jungfrau, Jungfer maiden, virgin, unmarried woman
Junggeselle bachelor
Jüngling bachelor, young man
Juni June
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

K[edit | edit source]

German English
K.K. = kaiserlich königlich royal imperial
Kaluppe, Kaluppner
Bohemian and Polish: Chalupa
Polish: chalupnik 		A dilapidated house. By extension, a resident of such a house.
Kammerfrau lady-in-waiting
Kantor choirmaster, organist
Karpe carpenter
Karte map
Karrer carter
Kartei card index
Käthner, Kätner cottager
katholisch Catholic
kaufen to buy
Kaufmann merchant
kein no, not any, none
Keller wine steward; cellar, basement
Kellner waiter, receiver of revenues; steward
Kessler kettlemaker
Keuchhusten whooping cough
Kiefer cooper, barrel maker
Kind baby
Kindbettfieber childbed fever
Kinder children
Kirche church
Kirchenältester churchwarden, church elder, vestryman
Kirchenbuch parish register
Kirchengemeinde parish
Kirchenpfleger churchwarden
Kirchenrodel parish register
Kirchensprengel parish
Kirchenvorsteher churchwarden
kirchlich pertaining to church
Kirchrat member of a church council
Kirchspiel parish
klein little
Knabe boy
Knecht servant
Kolonist settler, colonist, farmer
Kommunikant communicant
Kommunion communion
Konfirmation confirmation
König king
königlich royal
Königreich kingdom
Kopulation marriage
kopulieren to marry
Kossat, Kossät, Kossath cottager
Kossattin female cottager
Kötter, Kötner small farmer, cottager
Krämer grocer, small retailer
Krämpfe cramps,, convulsions
Krankheit disease, sickness
Krebs cancer
Kreis county
Krieg war
Kröger, Krogmann innkeeper
Küfer cooper, barrel maker
Kuhhirte cowherd
Kupferschmied coppersmith
Kurort spa
Kusine female cousin
Kutscher coachman
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

L[edit | edit source]

German English
Land land, country
Landarbeiter farmhand
Landkarte map
Landwirt farmer
lassen to let, leave, allow
lebendig living
ledig single, unmarried
legitimiert made legitimate, legitimized
Lehrer teacher
Lehrling apprentice
Leiche corpse, body
Leichenpredigt funeral sermon
Leinenweber linen weaver
Lenz spring (season)
letzte Ölung last rites, extreme unction
letzte Salbung last rites, extreme unction
Letzter latter, last
letzter Wille last will
links left
Lungenentzündung pneumonia
Lungenschwindsucht consumption, tuberculosis
lutherisch Lutheran
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

M[edit | edit source]

German English
Mädchen girl
Mädel girl
Magd maiden, maid, servant girl
Mägdlein girl, little girl
Mai May
Maler painter
Mann husband, man
männlich male
Markt market
März March
Masern measles
Matrikel register
Maurer mason
Meister, -meister master
Mennoniten Mennonites
Metzger butcher
Militär military
minderjährig underaged, minor
mit with, via, by
Mitglied member
Mittag midday
mittags at noon
Mitternacht midnight
Mittwoch Wednesday
Monat month
Montag Monday
Morgen morning, tomorrow
Morgen (morgen) measure of land, 0.6 to 0.9 acres
morgens in the morning
Mühle mill
mündlich verbal, verbally
Mutter Mother
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

N[edit | edit source]

German English
N.N. = nomen nescio name not known
nach to, after, according to
Nachbar neighbor
Nachbarschaft neighborhood
nachgelassen surviving
Nachlaß estate, inheritance
Nachmittag afternoon
nachmittags in the afternoon
nächst(e) next
Nacht night
Näherin seamstress
Name name
nat. = natus, nata born
natus, nata born
neben next to
Nebenfrau concubine
Neffe nephew
Nervenfieber nervous fever
neu new
neun nine
neunte ninth
neunundzwanzigte twenty-ninth
neunzehn nineteen
neunzehnhundert nineteen hundred
neunzehnte nineteenth
neunzig ninety
neunzigste ninetieth
Nicht not
Nichte niece
nichts nothing
nie never
nieder lower
niederländisch Dutch, of the Netherlands
noch still
noch lebende still living
noch nicht not yet
Nord north
Notizen notices, miscellaneous records
Nottaufe emergency baptism
November November
Nummer number
nur only
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

O[edit | edit source]

German English
O.A. = Oberamt governing district office
ober upper, over
ober-, Ober-
(comb. form) 		chief, head; upper, over
Oberamt governing district office
oder or
öffentlich bekanntmachen make known publicly
oft often
Oheim uncle
ohne without
Oktober October
Onkel uncle
Ort place, town
Ortslexikon gazetteer
Osten east
Ostern Easter (could be March or April)
Ostermonat April
Ostern Easter
Österreich Austria
österreichisch Austrian
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

P[edit | edit source]

German English
Pächter leaseholder
Pate godfather
Paten godparents
Pest plague
Pfalz Palatinate
Pfarramt parish office
Pfarrbuch parish register
Pfarrei parish
Pfarrer parish minister, pastor
Pfingsten Pentecost
Pflegekind foster child
Pflegesohn foster son
Pflegetochter foster daughter
Platz place (location)
Pocken pox, smallpox
Polen Poland
polnisch Polish
Posamentierer A worker in the art of Posament. Posament is a technique where metal wires or threads are braided and knotted into ornaments and then sewn onto textiles. Braiding and knotting can be used together or separately.
preußisch Prussia
Priester priest
Prinz prince
Prinzessin princess
protestantisch Protestant
Provinz province
provinzial provincial
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

R[edit | edit source]

German English
Räbbe rabies
Räcke stiffness of the limbs
Racker renderer
Rademacher, Radmacher wheelwright
Radhauer wheelwright
Rathaus city hall
Ratsherr alderman
Ratsmann councilman; town councilor
Rechnung account; bill
rechtgläubig orthodox
Rechsanwalt lawyer
reformiert reformed
Regierungsbezirk administrative area (a political jurisdiction)
Register register (a book or list)
Reich empire; kingdom
Reifer ropemaker; rope merchant
Reiter rider; cavalryman
relicta widow
relictus widower
Religion religion
ren. = renatus, renata baptized, christened
Rentner retired person
Rheuma rheumatism
Richter judge
Rodel register
Röseler whitewasher
Rössler horseman; tanner
römisch katholisch Roman Catholic
Röt measles; bloody diarrhea
Rotgerber red tanner
Ruhestand retirement
Ruhr dysentery
russisch Russian
Rußland Russia
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

S[edit | edit source]

German English
S. = Seite page
s. = siehe see the following reference
Sachsen Saxony
Sackhuhn sailmaker
Säger sawyer
Salbung anointing
Salzvogt salt works overseer
Samstag Saturday
Sarkhauer stonemason
Satertag Saturday
Sattler saddler, leather worker
Schacherer peddler
Schäfer shepherd
Schaffer worker; laborer; administrator
Schäf(f)ler cooper
Schaffmann worker
Schaffner conductor
Schalck, Schall servant
Scharlach, Scharlachfieber scarlet fever
Scharnemann merchant in a market
Scharrmacher wagon builder
Scharwerker day laborer on a farm
Schatter, Schattmann tax assessor
Schatzmann moneychanger; treasurer
Schatzmeister treasurer
Scheibenreisser glazier
Scheibler salt carrier
Scheiding September
Scheidler knife-blade maker
Scheidung divorce
Schein certificate
Schenkungen donations
Scherer barber; beardcutter; cloth cutter
Schichtmeister mine paymaster
Schiffbauer shipbuilder
Schiffer shipper; seaman
Schiffmann sailor
Schiffsmakler shipbroker; shipping agent
Schilderer sign painter
Schindeldecker roofer of shingle roofs
Schindelmacher shingle maker
Schinner renderer, skinner
Schirmmacher umbrella maker
Schirrmacher wagon maker
Schirrmeister master wagon maker
Schlachter, Schlächter butcher
Schlachtmann butcher
Schlachtwanter clothing wholesaler
Schlafbaas innkeeper
Schlaganfall stroke, seizure
Schlagfluß stroke
Schlieper knifemaker; cutler
Schlieter merchant
Schloß castle
Schlosser locksmith
Schlotfeger chimneysweep
Schlotthauer locksmith
Schmied smith
Schneider tailor
Schnitzer, Schnitzler woodcarver
Schopper ship's carpenter
Schornsteinfeger chimneysweep
Schosserheber tax collector
Schösser tax collector
Schotte peddler
Schottler turner; key maker
Schottilier turner; carpenter
Schreiber scribe, clerk
Schreiner cabinetmaker, joiner
Schriftsetzer typesetter
Schroder, Schröder tailor
Schröer tailor
Schröter tailor; carter; driver; cooper
Schubarth, Schuberth, Schubring shoemaker
Schuchard, Schucherd, Schuchmann, Schuckert shoemaker
Schuhmacher shoemaker, cobbler
Schule school
Schullehrer schoolteacher
Schultheiß, Schulze village mayor, head of town council
Schüssler bowl maker
Schuster shoemaker, cobbler
Schuwarte shoemaker
Schwäche weakness
Schwager brother-in-law
Schwägerin sister-in-law
Schwaiger shepherd
schwanger pregnant
schwarz black
schwarzer Tod black death; plague
Schwarzgiesser iron smelter
Schwein(e)hirt(h) pigherd
Schweisser welder
Schweiz Switzerland
Schweizer Swiss; also a dairyman
Schwendimann settler on recently burned woodland
Schwerdtfeger armorer
Schwester sister
Schwiegermutter mother-in-law
Schwiegersohn son-in-law
Schwiegertochter daughter-in-law
Schwiegervater father-in-law
Schwindsucht consumption
S.d. = Sohn des, der son of
sechs six
sechste sixth
sechsundzwanzig twenty-six
sechsundzwanzigste twenty-sixth
sechzehnhundert sixteen hundred
sechzehn sixteen
sechzehnte sixteenth
sechzig sixty
sechzigste sixtieth
See lake
Seelen souls
Seelenregister church membership list
Seelsorger minister, chaplain
Seemann sailor
Segner fisherman
Seifensieder soap maker
Seigner fisherman
Seiler rope maker
sein to be; his
seit since
Seite page
selige (the) late, blessed
September September
Sibber sieve maker
Sibmacher sieve maker
sich himself, herself, itself
sie she, they
Sie you
sieben seven
siebente seventh
siebenundzwanzigste twenty-seventh
siebte seventh
siebzehn seventeen
siebzehnhundert seventeen hundred
siebzehnte seventeenth
siebzig seventy
siebzigste seventieth
Sieder soap maker
siehe see
Sigrist sexton
sind are
so as, so, thus, such
Sohn son
Söhnlein, Söhnchen young son
Soldat soldier
Söldner mercenary soldier; day laborer
sollen should
Sonnabend Saturday
Sonntag Sunday
spät late (p.m.)
Spengler plumber; tinsmith
spur. = spurius, spuria illegitimate
Staat state
Staatsangehörigkeit citizenship, nationality
Staatsarchiv state archives
Stadt city
Stammbaum family tree, pedigree
Stand occupation, status, condition
Standesamt civil registrar’s office
starb died
Steinhauer stonecutter
Steinmetz stonemason
stellen place, put, impose
Stellmacher wheelwright
Sterbefälle deaths
sterben to die
Steuer tax
Stickfluß asthma
Stiefbruder half brother, stepbrother
Stiefkind stepchild
Stiefmutter stepmother
Stiefschwester half sister, stepsister
Stiefvater stepfather
Stillgeburt stillbirth
Straße street
Stunde hour
Sucht sickness, mania, rage
Süden south
S.v. = Sohn von son of
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

T[edit | edit source]

German English
T.d. = Tochter des, der daughter of
T.v. = Tochter von daughter of
Tabelle index, table
Tag day
Tagelöhner day laborer
Tagner day laborer
Tal, Thal valley
Tante aunt
Tapazier (wall)paper hanger
Taufe baptism
taufen to baptize
Taufpaten godparents
Taufschein baptismal certificate
tausend thousand
Testament will
Tischler cabinetmaker, furniture maker
Tochter daughter
Töchterchen young daughter
Töchterlein young daughter
Tochtermann son-in-law
Tod death
Todesart manner of death
Töpfer potter
tot dead
Totengräber grave digger
totgeboren stillborn
Trauung marriage
Trennung separation, divorce
tschechisch Czech
Tschechoslowakai Czechoslovakia
Tuberkulose tuberculosis
Tuchmacher cloth maker, draper
Tumor tumor
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

U[edit | edit source]

über

German English
u.d. = und des, und der and of
über about, concerning, over
überleben survive
Uhr o’clock, clock, watch
um at, about, around, concerning
unbekannt unknown
und and
und der and of
und des and of
unehelich illegitimate
ungarisch Hungarian
Ungarn Hungary
ungefähr about, circa, approximately
uns us
unter under, lower
Unterleib abdomen
Unterleibsentzündung abdominal inflammation, peritonitis
Unterleibstyphus typhoid fever
Unterleibsverhärtung abdomenal hardening
Unterrichter judge
Unterschrieben signed
Unterschrift signature
Unterzeichnete the undersigned
unverheiratet unmarried
Urenkelkind great-grandchild
Urgroßmutter great-grandmother
Urgroßvater great-grandfather
Urkunde record, document
Ururgroßmutter great-great-grandmother
Ururgroßvater great-great-grandfather
ux. = uxor wife
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

V[edit | edit source]

German English
Vater father
verehelicht married
Verehelichung marriage
vergangen past
vergraben buried
verh. = verheiratet married
Verkäufer seller, vendor
verl. = verlobt engaged
verlebte deceased
verloben, sich to become engaged
Verlobte fiancée
Verlobter fiancé
Verlobung betrothal, engagement
Vermieter landlord, lessor
Vermögen estate, assets
Verpächter landlord, lessor
verrichtet performed
verschiedene various
versehen given the last rights, extreme unction (e.g., dates in context of a death record)
Verstopfung constipation
verstorben deceased, defunct
Verstorbene the deceased
Verwaltung administration
Verwandten relatives
Verwandtschaft relationship
verwitwet widowed
Verzeichnis register, list, index
Vetter male cousin
vid. = viduus, vidua widower, widow
vielleicht perhaps, maybe
vier four
vierte fourth
vierundzwanzigste twenty-fourth
vierzehn fourteen
vierzehnte fourteenth
vierzig forty
vierzigste fortieth
Vogt steward, overseer
Voigt steward, overseer
Volkszählung census
volljährig of age, of legal age
vollzogen performed
von of, from, by
vor before; ago
vorherig previous, preceding
vorheriger Tag the previous day
vorläufig for the time being
vormals formerly
Vormittags in the morning
Vormund guardian
Vorname given name
Vorstadt suburbs, outskirts of town
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

W[edit | edit source]

German English
Wagner cartwright
Waise orphan
Wald forest, woods
wann when
Wappen coat of arms
Wappenkunde heraldry
war was
waren were
warum why
was what
Wassersucht dropsy, edema
Weber weaver
Weduwe widow
wegen because of
Wehmutter midwife
Weib wife, woman
weiblich female
weil. = weiland deceased
weiland deceased
Weiland the deceased
Weiler hamlet
weiß white
Weißgerber tanner
welche which
wer who
werden to become
West west
weyland deceased
wie how
Windpocken chicken pox
Wintermonat November
Wirt innkeeper
Wittib widow
Wittiber widower
Witwer widower
wo where
Woche week
Wochenbett childbed
woher from where
wohnen to live, residing
Wohnort place of residence
Wohnplatz place of residence
Wohnung domicile, residence
wollen to want
Wonnemonat May
Wörterbuch dictionary
wurde geboren was born
wurde getauft was baptized
würdig worthy
Wwe. = Witwe widow
Wwer. = Witwer widower
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

X[edit | edit source]

German English
Xber, Xbris December
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

Z[edit | edit source]

German English
zählen to count
Zahnkrämpfe teething
Zahnung teething
zehn ten
Zehnt(en)buch tithing book
zehnte tenth
Zehnten tithes
zehrendes Fieber consumptive fever
Zehrung consuption
Zeit time
Zeuge witness
Ziegler brick maker
Ziehmutter, -sohn,
-tochter 		foster mother, son, daughter
Zimmermann Carpenter
Zivilstandsamt civil registrar's office
Zöllner publican, tax collector
zu Hause at home
Zukunft future
Zuname surname, last name
zusammen together
zwanzig twenty
zwanzigte twentieth
zwei two
zweihundert two hundred
zwei tausend two thousand
zweite second
zweiundzwanzigste twenty-second
Zwilling(e) twin, twins
zwischen between
zwölf twelve
Zwölfer member of a council
zwölfte twelfth
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

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