Norwegian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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{{NorwegianWL-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
This [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/search/RG/frameset_rg.asp?Dest=G1&Aid=&Gid=&Lid=&Sid=&Did=&Juris1=&Event=&Year=&Gloss=&Sub=&Tab=&Entry=&Guide=WLNorway.ASP Norwegian Word List] contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)
| link1=[[Genealogical Word Lists|Genealogical Word Lists]]
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| link5=[[Norwegian Genealogical Word List|Norwegian Genealogical Word List]]
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Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official dialects in Norway. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the [[Denmark Language and Languages|Danish Genealogical Word List]].  
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This Norwegian Word List contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See "Additional Resources" below.)
 
Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official languages in Norway with numerous dialects. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the [[Danish Word List|Danish Genealogical Word List]].  


Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.  
Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.  


Some regions in Norway spoke/wrote in a dialect. For words that are in dialect, see the [[Norwegian Dialect Word List|Dialect word list]].
=== LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS  ===


== Language Characteristics  ==
Variant Forms of Words  
'''Variant Forms of Words'''


In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:  
In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:  


{| width="25%" class="wikitable"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| Mann  
| Mann  
| man  
| man  
|-
| Kone  
| Kone  
| wife
| wife
Line 36: Line 20:
| Mannen  
| Mannen  
| the man  
| the man  
|-
| Kona  
| Kona  
| the wife
| the wife
Line 42: Line 25:
| Menn  
| Menn  
| men  
| men  
|-
| Koner  
| Koner  
| wives
| wives
Line 48: Line 30:
| Mennene  
| Mennene  
| the men  
| the men  
|-
| Konene  
| Konene  
| the wives
| the wives
|}
|}


=== Online Dictionaries ===
=== <br>Alphabetical Order  ===
Otto Kalkar, [http://www.hist.uib.no/kalkar/ Ordbog til det ældre danske sprog (1300-1700)] - old Danish dictionary at Historisk institutt, Universitetet i Bergen
 
Universitetet i Bergen og Språkrådet: [https://ordbok.uib.no/ Ordbøkene.no] Bokmålsordboka & Nynorskordboka
== Currency ==
*[[Norway Currency|'''Currency in Norway''']] - more information
 
== Weights and Measures ==
See [[Norway Weights and Measurement]] for specific information about different units and how they were used.
<td><tr><table>


== Alphabetical Order  ==
Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet: Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å). In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet. Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order:


Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet: Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å). In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet. Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the FamilySearch Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order:
a &nbsp;b&nbsp; c&nbsp; d&nbsp; e&nbsp; f&nbsp; g&nbsp; h&nbsp; i&nbsp; j&nbsp; k&nbsp; l&nbsp; m&nbsp; n&nbsp; o &nbsp;p&nbsp; q&nbsp; r&nbsp; s&nbsp; t&nbsp; u&nbsp; v&nbsp; w&nbsp; x&nbsp; y&nbsp; z&nbsp; æ&nbsp; ø&nbsp; å  
<br>
(See also, [http://dinslekt.no/ordliste.php this link] for an additional word list)


==== A ====
==== A through C  ====


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" width="100%"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| aabodsfri stand || good condition
|-
| aarlig || yearly
|-
| absolvere || to give absolution
|-
| adel || nobility
|-
| adelig || noble
|-
| adelsmann || nobleman
|-
| adoptert || adopted
|-
| adresse || address
|-
| aften || evening
|-
| alder || age
|-
| alderdomssvakhet || weakness of old age
|-
| aldri || never
|-
| alen || 2 fot = 24 tommer = .63 meter
|-
| alle || all
|-
| alltid || always
|-
| almisse || charity
|-
| almisselem || indigent, poor
|-
|-
| altergang || Communion
| align="left" | '''Norwegian'''
| align="left" | '''English'''
|-
|-
| amt || county
|  
|-
'''A'''
| amtmann || chief county administrator
|-
| andre || others, other, next
|-
| anetavle || pedigree chart
|-
| anfall || seizure, attack
|-
| anførte || entered, mentioned
|-
| ankomst || arrival
|-
| anmerkning || remark, notice, note
|-
| annen, annet || second, another
|-
| annen gang || second time
|-
| anno (Latin) || year
|-
| annonsere || publish, announce
|-
| antall || number, count
|-
| april || April
|-
| arbeider || laborer
|-
| arkiv || archive
|-
| arv || inheritance
|-
| arvelodd || share of inheritance
|-
| arving || heir
|-
| astma || asthma
|-
| at || that
|-
| atten || eighteen
|-
| attende || eighteenth
|-
| attest || certificate
|-
| august || August
|-
| auksjonsskjøte || A deed of conveyannce by the auction agent (sorenskriveren) to the new owner by official auction.
|-
| av || of, at, by, from
|-
| avdeling || part, division
|-
| avdød || deceased
|-
| avgangen || departed
|-
| avgift || duty (monetary), fee
|-
| avkom || offspring, issue
|-
| avtale || agreement
|}
 
====B====


{| class="wikitable"
|  
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| badstue || sauna
| absolvere
| to give absolution
|-
|-
| bakbygning || back building (additional residence behind the main building)
| adel
| nobility
|-
|-
| baker || baker
| adelig
| noble
|-
|-
| bakke || hill
| adelsmann
| nobleman
|-
|-
| bannlyse || excommunicate
| adoptert
| adopted
|-
|-
| baptist || Baptist
| adresse
| address
|-
|-
| bar || carried
| aften
| evening
|-
|-
| bar barnet || held child (at baptism font)
| alder
| age
|-
|-
| bare || only
| alderdomssvakhet
| weakness of old age
|-
|-
| barn || child
| aldri
| never
|-
|-
| barna || children
| alle
| all
|-
|-
| barndom || childhood
| alltid
| always
|-
|-
| barnebarn || grandchild
| almisse
| charity
|-
|-
| barnedåp || child baptism
| almisselem
| indigent, poor
|-
|-
| barnefar || child’s father
| altergang
| Communion
|-
|-
| barnløs || childless
| amt
| county
|-
|-
| barsel || birth
| amtmann
| chief county administrator
|-
|-
| barselfeber || childbed fever
| andre
| others, other, next
|-
|-
| barselseng || birthing bed
| anetavle
| pedigree chart
|-
|-
| be || pray, request
| anfall
| seizure, attack
|-
|-
| beboer || occupant, resident
| anførte
| entered, mentioned
|-
|-
| bededag || prayer day
| ankomst
| arrival
|-
|-
| bedrive hor || commit adultery
| anmerkning
| remark, notice, note
|-
|-
| befolkning || population, people
| annen, annet
| second, another
|-
|-
| begge || both
| annen gang
| second time
|-
|-
| begivenhet || event, occurrence
| anno (Latin)
| year
|-
|-
| begravelse || funeral, burial
| annonsere
| publish, announce
|-
|-
| begravet || buried
| antall
| number, count
|-
|-
| behandle || handle, treat, manage
| april
| April
|-
|-
| bemerkning || remark
| arbeider
| laborer
|-
|-
| ben || leg, bone
| arkiv
| archive
|-
|-
| benefisert gods || Land which the official has income from
| arv
| inheritance
|-
|-
| benekte || deny
| arvelodd
| share of inheritance
|-
|-
| benåde || pardon
| arving
| heir
|-
|-
| beruset || drunk
| astma
| asthma
|-
|-
| besetning || livestock, crew
| at
| that
|-
|-
| beskrivelse || description
| atten
| eighteen
|-
|-
| beslektet || related
| attende
| eighteenth
|-
|-
| besofet || conceived outside of wedlock
| attest
| certificate
|-
|-
| bestefar || grandfather
| august
| August
|-
|-
| besteforeldre || grandparents
| av
| of, at, by, from
|-
|-
| bestemor || grandmother
| avdeling
| part, division
|-
|-
| besvangre || impregnate, get with child, make pregnant
| avdød
| deceased
|-
|-
| betale || pay
| avgangen
| departed
|-
|-
| betaling || payment
| avgift
| duty (monetary), fee
|-
|-
| betler || beggar
| avkom
| offspring, issue
|-
|-
| bevilge || grant
| avtale
| agreement
|-
|-
| bevis || proof
|  
|-
'''B'''
| bibliotek || library
|-
| bind || volume (book)
|-
| biografi || biography
|-
| biskop || bishop
|-
| bispedømme || diocese
|-
| blandkorn || mixture of grains (usually barley and oats)
|-
| bli || become
|-
| blikkenslager || tinsmith
|-
| blind || blind
|-
| blod || blood
|-
| blodgang || dysentery
|-
| blodskam || incest
|-
| blodsott || abnormal loss of blood during illness
|-
| bo || to live at
|-
| bodde || lived
|-
| bok || book
|-
| bokhandler || bookseller
|-
| bokholder, bokfører || bookkeeper
|-
| bokstav || letter, character
|-
| bolig || residence, house
|-
| bonde || farmer
|-
| bondegods || land which the farmers owned
|-
| bondelensmannen || lowest level in the local administration
|-
| bondesag/bygdesag || a sawmill that from 1688-1818 could only be used for the local market
|-
| bopel || residence, domicile
|-
| borger || citizen
|-
| borgermester || mayor
|-
| borgerskap || citizenship
|-
| bot || fine, penalty
|-
| brann || fire
|-
| brendeved || firewood
|-
| brennevinsbrenner || distiller of spirits
|-
| brev || letter (correspondence)
|-
| bro || bridge
|-
| bror || brother
|-
| brordatter || brother’s daughter
|-
| brorsønn || brother’s son
|-
| brud || bride
|-
| brudgom || bridegroom
|-
| bruk, gårdsbruk || farm or a part of a farm which is usually inhabited by a family
|-
| bruksdeling || division of a farm into several parts (bruk)
|-
| brygger || brewer
|-
| bryllup || wedding
|-
| budeie || milkmaid
|-
| bubeite || grazing land for cattle in the forest
|-
| bumerke || a sign or figure used as signature or carved on the house and tools. The use of this dwindled as people learned to write
|-
| buskap || livestock, crew
|-
| by || town, city
|-
| byg || barley
|-
| bygd || small country community, village
|-
| bygdebok || rural chronicles
|-
| bygdesag/bondesag || a sawmill that from 1688-1818 could only be used for the local market
|-
| bygdeting || the lowest court in the country where from the 1600s the district judge (sorenskriver) presided. He was assisted by several magistrates (lagrettesmenn)
|-
| bygsel || rental of land. The tenant farmer or lease-holder paid rent to the right to lease the land
|-
| bygselrett || the authority to rent land to a tenant farmer. When the farm had several owners, the owner of the largest part had the authority for the entire farm
|-
| byll || abscess
|-
| byllepest || plague (bubonic)
|-
| byttestreng || boundary
|-
| bære || carry
|-
| bøkker || cooper, barrel maker
|-
| både || both, either
|-
| båret || carried
|-
| båt || boat, ship
|-
| båtbygger || shipbuilder
|-
| båtsmann || boatswain, bosun
|}


====C====
|  
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| cirka || approximately
| bakbygning
| back building (additional residence behind the main building)
|-
|-
| communion || Communion
| baker
| baker
|-
|-
| confirmerede || confirmed
| bakke
| hill
|-
|-
| copulerede || marriage
| bannlyse
|}
| excommunicate
 
====D====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| dag || day
|-
|-
| dagen før || the previous day
| baptist
| Baptist
|-
|-
| dagsarbeider || day laborer
| bar
| carried
|-
|-
| dal || valley
| bar barnet
| held child (at baptism font)
|-
|-
| daler || see riksdaler, riksbankdaler, speciedaler and skylddaler
| bare
| only
|-
|-
| Danmark || Denmark
| barn
| child
|-
|-
| dannekvinde || gentlewoman
| barna
| children
|-
|-
| dannemand || gentleman
| barndom
| childhood
|-
|-
| dansk || Danish
| barnebarn
| grandchild
|-
|-
| dato || date (noun)
| barnedåp
| child baptism
|-
|-
| datter || daughter
| barnefar
| child’s father
|-
|-
| datterdatter || daughter’s daughter
| barnløs
| childless
|-
|-
| dattersønn || daughter’s son
| barsel
| birth
|-
|-
| datum (Latin) || date
| barselfeber
| childbed fever
|-
|-
| degn || deacon, in older usage the title of the parish clerk (klokker or kirkesanger)
| barselseng
| birthing bed
|-
|-
| dele || to divide, to share
| be
| pray, request
|-
|-
| dem || them, they
| beboer
| occupant, resident
|-
|-
| den || the, it, that
| bededag
| prayer day
|-
|-
| denne || this
| bedrive hor
| commit adultery
|-
|-
| der || there
| befolkning
| population, people
|-
|-
| deres || their
| begge
| both
|-
|-
| derfor || therefore
| begivenhet
| event, occurrence
|-
|-
| desember || December
| begravelse
| funeral, burial
|-
|-
| det || it, that, the
| begravet
| buried
|-
|-
| difteri || diphtheria
| behandle
| handle, treat, manage
|-
|-
| din || your
| bemerkning
| remark
|-
|-
| disse || these
| ben
| leg, bone
|-
|-
| diverse || various
| benekte
| deny
|-
|-
| dokument || document
| benåde
| pardon
|-
|-
| domkirke || cathedral
| beruset
| drunk
|-
|-
| dommer || judge
| besetning
| livestock, crew
|-
|-
| dragon || dragoon, light cavalryman
| beskrivelse
| description
|-
|-
| dreng || boy
| beslektet
| related
|-
|-
| drengebarn || male child
| bestefar
| grandfather
|-
|-
| drepe || kill
| besteforeldre
| grandparents
|-
|-
| dronning || queen
| bestemor
| grandmother
|-
|-
| druknet || drowned
| besvangre
| impregnate, get with child, make pregnant
|-
|-
| dydig || virtuous
| betale
| pay
|-
|-
| dø || to die
| betler
| beggar
|-
|-
| døbt(e) || christening
| bevilge
| grant
|-
|-
| død || dead, death
| bevis
| proof
|-
|-
| døde || died, death
| bibliotek
| library
|-
|-
| dødfødt || stillborn
| bind
| volume (book)
|-
|-
| dødsfall || death
| biografi
| biography
|-
|-
| døgn || 24-hour period of time
| biskop
| bishop
|-
|-
| døpt || baptized, christened
| bispedømme
| diocese
|-
|-
| døtre || daughters
| bli
| become
|-
|-
| døv || deaf
| blikkenslager
| tinsmith
|-
|-
| døvstum || deaf and dumb
| blind
| blind
|-
|-
| dåp || baptism
| blod
| blood
|-
|-
| dåpsattest || certificate of baptism
| blodgang
| dysentery
|-
|-
| dåpsdag || day of baptism
| blodskam
|}
| incest
 
====E====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| efter || after
| blodsott
| abnormal loss of blood during illness
|-
|-
| efterkommer || descendant
| bo
| to live at
|-
|-
| efterlatte || surviving, survivors
| bodde
| lived
|-
|-
| efterlevende || surviving
| bok
| book
|-
|-
| eftermiddag || afternoon
| bokhandler
| bookseller
|-
|-
| efternavn || surname, last name
| bokholder, bokfører
| bookkeeper
|-
|-
| egen || own
| bokstav
| letter, character
|-
|-
| egentlig || actual
| bolig
| residence, house
|-
|-
| egteviede || marriage
| bonde
| farmer
|-
|-
| eie, eje || to own
| bopel
| residence, domicile
|-
|-
| eiendom || property, real estate
| borger
| citizen
|-
|-
| ekte || legitimate, to marry
| borgermester
| mayor
|-
|-
| ektefelle || spouse
| borgerskap
| citizenship
|-
|-
| ektemann || husband
| bot
| fine, penalty
|-
|-
| ektepar || married couple
| brann
| fire
|-
|-
| ekteskap || marriage
| brennevinsbrenner
| distiller of spirits
|-
|-
| ekteskapelig || marital, conjugal
| brev
| letter (correspondence)
|-
|-
| ekteviet || married
| bro
| bridge
|-
|-
| eldre || older
| bror
| brother
|-
|-
| eldst || oldest, eldest
| brordatter
| brother’s daughter
|-
|-
| elev || student
| brorsønn
| brother’s son
|-
|-
| eller || or, or else
| brud
| bride
|-
|-
| elleve || eleven
| brudgom
| bridegroom
|-
|-
| ellevte || eleventh
| bruk
| farm, use
|-
|-
| elv || river, stream
| brygger
| brewer
|-
|-
| embete || public office
| bryllup
| wedding
|-
|-
| embetsmann || public official
| budeie
| milkmaid
|-
|-
| emigrant || emigrant
| buskap
| livestock, crew
|-
|-
| emigrere || emigrate
| by
| town, city
|-
|-
| en, et || a, one
| bygd
| small country community, village
|-
|-
| enebarn || only child
| bygdebok
| rural chronicles
|-
|-
| endestav || the corner marker of the boundary of a farm
| bygsel
| lease
|-
|-
| engelsk || English; English mint sterling. 1 hud = 12 engelsk. Earlier there could be 18 or 20 engelsk in 1 hud. 1 engelsk equaled 1 calf skin
| byll
| abscess
|-
|-
| England || England
| byllepest
| plague (bubonic)
|-
|-
| enhver || each
| bære
| carry
|-
|-
| enke || widow
| bøkker
| cooper, barrel maker
|-
|-
| enkemann || widower
| både
| both, either
|-
|-
| enkestand || widowed
| båret
| carried
|-
|-
| ennu || yet, still
| båt
| boat, ship
|-
|-
| epilepsi || epilepsy
| båtbygger
| shipbuilder
|-
|-
| er || is, are
| båtsmann
| boatswain, bosun
|-
|-
| erhverv || livelihood
|  
|-
'''C'''
| erkjenne || acknowledge
|-
| erter || peas
|-
| et || a, one
|-
| etasje || floor, story
|-
| etc. (Latin) || et cetera, and so on
|-
| etternavn || surname, last
|-
| evne || intelligence
|}


====F====
|  
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| fabrikk  || factory
|-
| faddere  || christening witnesses, godparents
|-
| fallesyke  || epilepsy
|-
| falt fall || be killed in war
|-
| familie || family
|-
| familie historie || linage books
|-
| far || father
|-
| farfar || paternal grandfather
|-
| farger || dyer; tanner
|-
| farmor || paternal grandmother
|-
| farsot || pestilence, plague
|-
| fartøy || vessel, craft
|-
| fattig || poor
|-
| fattigvesen || welfare agency
|-
| favn || 3 alen = 6 fot = 1.88 meters
|-
| februar || February
|-
| felles || common, joint
|-
| fem || five
|-
| femte || fifth
|-
| femten || fifteen
|-
| femtende || fifteenth
|-
| femti || fifty
|-
| femtiende || fiftieth
|-
| fengsel || prison
|-
| festebrev, bygselbrev || a document issued by the landowner, which regulated the contract between the owner and the renter of real estate
|-
| festeseddel || rental contract
|-
| festning || fortress
|-
| fetter || cousin (male)
|-
|-
| Finnland || Finland
| cirka
| approximately
|-
|-
| finsk || Finnish
| communion
| Communion
|-
|-
| fore || four
| confirmerede
| confirmed
|-
|-
| fisker || fisherman
| copulerede
| marriage
|-
|-
| fjell || mountain
|  
|-
'''D''' through F
| fjerde || fourth
|-
| fjorten || fourteen
|-
| fjortende || fourteenth
|-
| flere  || several, more
|-
| flittig || diligent
|-
| flomsag || a sawmill which could only be used in times of high water
|-
| flytte || move
|-
| fogd, fut || originally the bailiff's servant who administered for him. The most important task was to demand the taxes. The fogd acted also as the grand jury in punishment cases. In the 1600s the fogd was directly responsible to the royal rule in Copenhagen. At the same time his responsibilities were lessened.
|-
| foged, fogd || bailiff, sheriff
|-
| folio || page (double)
|-
| folk || people
|-
| folkemengde || population
|-
| folkeregister || citizen register, national register
|-
| folketelling || census
|-
| folkevandringstida || abt 400-600 A.D.
|-
| follaug || an agreement that the previous owners would be provided in exchange for the farm. It was most used when the parents were passing the farm to their children similar to a life estate
|-
| for, at || before, by
|-
| foran || in front of
|-
| forblødning || bled to death
|-
| foreldre || parents
|-
| foreldreløs || orphan
|-
| forening || society
|-
| forfedre || ancestors, forefathers
|-
| forgjengeren || predecessor
|-
| forhenværende || former, previous, preceding
|-
| forhus || house in front (usually the main house on a farm)
|-
| forkjølet || to have a cold
|-
| forklaring || explanation
|-
| forlate || leave, forgive
|-
| forlovelse || engagement
|-
| forlovere || marriage witnesses
|-
| formiddag || between morning and afternoon
|-
| formynder || guardian
|-
| fornavn || first name, given name
|-
| forpakter || manager of estate
|-
| forpligtet || obligated
|-
| forrige || former
|-
| forstand || intellect, mind
|-
| forstoppelse || constipation, obstruction
|-
| forsørges || supported
|-
| fortelle || tell, relate
|-
| fortid || past
|-
| forvalter || manager
|-
| foster || fetus
|-
| fosterbarn || foster child
|-
| fostre || foster, to rear
|-
| fot || ½ alen = 12 tommer = 0.31 meter
|-
| fra || from
|-
| fraflytte || leave, move away
|-
| fraværende || absent
|-
| fredag || Friday
|-
| fremmed || foreign, foreigner
|-
| fremtid || future
|-
| fru || Mrs.
|-
| fruentimmer || unmarried mother, female person (derogatory)
|-
| fruktsommelig || pregnant
|-
| frøken || Miss
|-
| full || full, complete, drunk
|-
| fullgard || a farm which paid full tax. It is a taxation term from the middle ages and the 1600s
|-
| fullmektig || head clerk, agent
|-
| fylke || county
|-
| fyr || lighthouse
|-
| fæstebrev || to acquire land
|-
| føderåd || support received after giving one's estate to another; same as follaug
|-
| føderådskone || woman recieving support
|-
| føderådsmann || man receiving support
|-
| fødested || birthplace
|-
| fødsel || birth
|-
| fødselsattest || birth certificate
|-
| fødselsdag || birthday
|-
| født(e) || born (birth)
|-
| følgende || following, next
|-
| føllaug || retired
|-
| før || before
|-
| første || first
|-
| førstebygsel || rent paid at the time of renting a farm
|-
| førti || forty
|-
| førtiende || fortieth
|-
| får || sheep, receives
|}


====G====
|  
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| gammel || old
|-
| gartner || gardener
|-
| garver || tanner
|-
| gate || street
|-
| gave || gift, endowment
|-
| geistlig || ecclesiastical
|-
| geitskinn || goat skin / hide; a measure of debt equal to 3 engelsk
|-
|-
| geografisk leksikon || gazetteer
| dag
| day
|-
|-
| gift || marriage, married, poison
| dagen før
| the previous day
|-
|-
| gikt || rheumatism
| dagsarbeider
| day laborer
|-
|-
| giftingsgods || land which was obtained through marriage
| dal
| valley
|-
|-
| gjeld || debt
| Danmark
| Denmark
|-
|-
| gjenlevende || survivors
| dannekvinde
| gentlewoman
|-
|-
| gjennom || through
| dannemand
| gentleman
|-
|-
| gjerdene || fences
| dansk
| Danish
|-
|-
| gjestgiver || innkeeper
| dato
| date (noun)
|-
|-
| gjet, gjeit || goat
| datter
| daughter
|-
|-
| gjeter || herdsman
| datterdatter
| daughter’s daughter
|-
|-
| gjørtler || brazier, brass smith
| dattersønn
| daughter’s son
|-
|-
| god || good
| datum (Latin)
| date
|-
|-
| gods || estate
| dele
| to divide, to share
|-
|-
| godseier || estate owner
| dem
| them, they
|-
|-
| gotisk skrift || Gothic script was the handwriting which was used in Norway from the 1200s to the last of the nineteenth century
| den
| the, it, that
|-
|-
| gratis || free
| denne
| this
|-
|-
| grav || grave
| der
| there
|-
|-
| graver || gravedigger, sexton
| deres
| their
|-
|-
| gravlund || cemetery
| derfor
| therefore
|-
|-
| gravsted || burial place
| desember
| December
|-
|-
| gren || branch
| det
| it, that, the
|-
|-
| grenader || infantryman
| difteri
| diphtheria
|-
|-
| grense || boundary, border
| din
| your
|-
|-
| greve || Count (nobility)
| disse
| these
|-
|-
| grevinne || Countess
| diverse
| various
|-
|-
| grunn || ground, reason
| dokument
| document
|-
|-
| gruve || mine, pit
| domkirke
| cathedral
|-
|-
| gruvearbeider || miner
| dommer
| judge
|-
|-
| grønn || green
| dragon
| dragoon, light cavalryman
|-
|-
| gudfar || godfather
| dreng
| boy
|-
|-
| gudmor || godmother
| drengebarn
| male child
|-
|-
| gull || gold
| drepe
| kill
|-
|-
| gulsot || jaundice
| dronning
| queen
|-
|-
| gulv || floor
| druknet
| drowned
|-
|-
| gutt || boy
| dydig
| virtuous
|-
|-
| gå || go, walk
| dø
| to die
|-
|-
| gård || farm; the entity which was designated with a name. From the 1800’s it was also designated with a farm number. One farm could be subdivided into several parcels called bruk.
| døbt(e)
| christening
|-
|-
| gårdbruker || farmer
| død
| dead, death
|-
|-
| gårdeier || farm owner
| døde
| died, death
|-
|-
| gårsdagens || of yesterday
| dødfødt
|}
| stillborn
 
====H====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| ha || to have
| dødsfall
| death
|-
|-
| hadde || had
| døgn
| 24-hour period of time
|-
|-
| halshugget || decapitated
| døpt
| baptized, christened
|-
|-
| halv || half
| døtre
| daughters
|-
|-
| halvbror || half brother
| døv
| deaf
|-
|-
| Halvgård || a farm which paid ½ of the full tax
| døvstum
| deaf and dumb
|-
|-
| halvsøster || half sister
| dåp
| baptism
|-
|-
| ham || him
| dåpsattest
| certificate of baptism
|-
|-
| han || he
| dåpsdag
| day of baptism
|-
|-
| handelsmann || merchant, trader
|  
|-
'''E'''
| hans || his
|-
| hanskemaker || glove maker
|-
| har || has, have
|-
| hattemaker || hatmaker
|-
| havn || harbor
|-
| havre || oats
|-
| heller || rather
|-
| helligdag || holiday
|-
| hengt seg || hanged himself or herself
|-
| henne || her
|-
| her || here
|-
| Herr || Mr.
|-
| herred || judicial district
|-
| Herren || the Lord
|-
| hest || horse
|-
| heter || is named
|-
| historie || history
|-
| hittebarn || orphan, foundling
|-
| hjem || home
|-
| hjemme || at home
|-
| hjemmedøpt || baptized at home
|-
| hjemmehørende || residing
|-
| hjerte || heart
|-
| hjertefeil || heart disease
|-
| hjul || wheel
|-
| hjulmaker || wheelwright
|-
| holde || hold, stop
|-
| horeri || adultery
|-
| hos || with, at
|-
| hoste || cough
|-
| hovedliste || census list
|-
| hud || hide; a measure of debt which was used until 1838, but sometimes longer. 1 hud = 4 geitskinn = 12 engelsk. Originally used for payment of land taxes.
|-
| hun || she
|-
| hundre(de) || hundred (hundredth)
|-
| hus || house
|-
| husar || hussar, cavalryman
|-
| husbonde || head of household
|-
| husene || houses
|-
| husholderske || housekeeper
|-
| husmann || cottager, tenant farmer, share crofter; a person who lived on land without a farm number. Could often use a parcel of land by paying the landowner.
|-
| husmannsplass || the designation of the parcel of land/cottage where the husmann lived
|-
| husmor || housewife
|-
| hustru || wife
|-
| hva || what
|-
| hvem || who
|-
| hver || every
|-
| hvete || wheat
|-
| hvilken || which
|-
| hvis || if, whose
|-
| hvit || white
|-
| hvor || where
|-
| hvordan || how
|-
| hvorfor || why
|-
| hvorvidt || whether
|-
| høsten || in the fall
|-
| høy || tall, high, hay
|-
| høyre || right (side)
|-
| håndarbeide || handwork
|-
| håndtering || occupation
|-
| håndverk || trade, handicraft
|}


====I====
|  
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| i || in
| efter
| after
|-
|-
| idiot || idiot
| efterkommer
| descendant
|-
|-
| ifølge || according to
| efterlatte
| surviving, survivors
|-
|-
| igår || yesterday
| efterlevende
| surviving
|-
|-
| igjen || again
| eftermiddag
| afternoon
|-
|-
| i hjel, slå || kill
| efternavn
| surname, last name
|-
|-
| ikke || not
| egen
| own
|-
|-
| ikke enda || not yet
| egentlig
| actual
|-
|-
| ild || fire
| egteviede
| marriage
|-
|-
| imellom || between, among
| eie, eje
| to own
|-
|-
| imorgen || tomorrow
| eiendom
| property, real estate
|-
|-
| inderst || a person who rented a room from others and had his own household
| ekte
| legitimate, to marry
|-
|-
| infeksjon || infection
| ektefelle
| spouse
|-
|-
| ingen || none
| ektemann
| husband
|-
|-
| inn || in
| ektepar
| married couple
|-
|-
| inne i || inside
| ekteskap
| marriage
|-
|-
| innerst || renter, innermost
| ekteskapelig
| marital, conjugal
|-
|-
| innflyttning || moving in
| ekteviet
| married
|-
|-
| innhold || content
| eldre
| older
|-
|-
| innsitter || renter
| eldst
| oldest, eldest
|-
|-
| innsjø || lake
| elev
| student
|-
|-
| innvandring || immigration
| eller
| or, or else
|-
|-
| intet || none
| elleve
| eleven
|-
|-
| introduceret || introduced
| ellevte
| eleventh
|-
|-
| Island || Iceland
| elv
| river, stream
|-
|-
| islandsk || Icelandic
| embete
|}
| public office
 
====J====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| januar || January
| embetsmann
| public official
|-
|-
| jeg || I (personal pronoun)
| emigrant
| emigrant
|-
|-
| jeger || light infantry soldier, hunter
| emigrere
| emigrate
|-
|-
| jomfru || damsel, Miss, virgin
| en, et
| a, one
|-
|-
| jordbruk || farming
| enebarn
| only child
|-
|-
| jordegods || landed property
| engelsk
| English
|-
|-
| jordet || burial; the ground
| England
| England
|-
|-
| jordferd || burial, funeral
| enhver
| each
|-
|-
| jordfeste || burial, interment
| enke
| widow
|-
|-
| jordfæstede || sealing the grave; when a person was buried without a priest, the practice <br>by which the priest would later consecrate the grave
| enkemann
| widower
|-
|-
| jordfesting || burial, interment
| enkestand
| widowed
|-
|-
| jordmor || midwife
| ennu
| yet, still
|-
|-
| jordpåkastelse || ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin
| epilepsi
| epilepsy
|-
|-
| jordvei, vei || road
| er
| is, are
|-
|-
| jul || Christmas
| erhverv
| livelihood
|-
|-
| juli || July
| erkjenne
| acknowledge
|-
|-
| juni || June
| et
| a, one
|-
|-
| jurist || lawyer
| etasje
|}
| floor, story
 
====K====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| kakkelovn || from the 1700s a somewhat misused term for an iron stove. A closed fireplace clad with glazed ceramic tiles used for heating buildings.
| etc. (Latin)
| et cetera, and so on
|-
|-
| kalemank || wool, often used to make vests and trousers
| etternavn
| surname, last
|-
|-
| kallet || named
| evne
| intelligence
|-
|-
| kanskje || maybe, perhaps
|  
|-
|-
| karet || coach
| gammel
| old
|-
|-
| kart || map
| gartner
| gardener
|-
|-
| katolsk || Catholic
| garver
| tanner
|-
|-
| kavaleri || cavalry
| gate
| street
|-
|-
| kemmer || peddler
| gave
| gift, endowment
|-
|-
| kikhoste || whooping cough
| geistlig
| ecclesiastical
|-
|-
| kirke || church
| geografisk leksikon
| gazetteer
|-
|-
| kirkebok || parish register
| gift
| marriage, married, poison
|-
|-
| kirkegods || land which was reserved for the clergy or which was owned by local or central religious institutions
| gikt
| rheumatism
|-
|-
| kirkegård || cemetery, churchyard
| gjeld
| debt
|-
|-
| kirkeverger || a couple of farmers in each parish which should control or supervise the local church estate
| gjenlevende
| survivors
|-
|-
| kirkeværge || church warden
| gjennom
| through
|-
|-
| kiste || chest, coffin
| gjestgiver
| innkeeper
|-
|-
| kjent || known
| gjet, gjeit
| goat
|-
|-
| kjønn || sex
| gjeter
| herdsman
|-
|-
| kjøpe || buy
| gjørtler
| brazier, brass smith
|-
|-
| kjøpmann || merchant
| god
| good
|-
|-
| kledning || usual description of a man's clothing consisting of trousers, undershirt, and tunic
| gods
| estate
|-
|-
| klokker || sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon
| godseier
| estate owner
|-
|-
| kloster || convent, monastery
| gratis
| free
|-
|-
| kokarde || insignia
| grav
| grave
|-
|-
| kolikk || colic
| graver
| gravedigger, sexton
|-
|-
| kommune || municipality, township
| gravlund
| cemetery
|-
|-
| kone || wife
| gravsted
| burial place
|-
|-
| konfirmasjon || confirmation
| gren
| branch
|-
|-
| konge || king
| grenader
| infantryman
|-
|-
| kongedømme || kingdom
| grense
| boundary, border
|-
|-
| kongelig || royal
| greve
| Count (nobility)
|-
|-
| kontor || office
| grevinne
| Countess
|-
|-
| kopper || smallpox, copper
| grunn
| ground, reason
|-
|-
| koppskatt || person tax
| gruve
| mine, pit
|-
|-
| kort || short, card
| gruvearbeider
| miner
|-
|-
| kort register || card index
| grønn
| green
|-
|-
| krampe || convulsions, spasm
| gudfar
| godfather
|-
|-
| kreft || cancer
| gudmor
| godmother
|-
|-
| krig || war
| gull
| gold
|-
|-
| krongods || land which belonged to the crown or state
| gulsot
| jaundice
|-
|-
| ku || cow
| gulv
| floor
|-
|-
| kun || only
| gutt
| boy
|-
|-
| kunngjøre || declare
| gå
| go, walk
|-
|-
| kunnskap || knowledge
| gård
| farm
|-
|-
| kusine || cousin (female)
| gårdbruker
| farmer
|-
|-
| kusk || coachman, teamster
| gårdeier
| farm owner
|-
|-
| kveg || cattle
| gårsdagens
| of yesterday
|-
|-
| kvele || choke
|  
|  
|-
|-
| kvell || evening
| ha
| to have
|-
|-
| kvern || a machine which would mill grain often called a bekkekvern (brook mill). A water wheel was used to turn the mill. If the brook was suitable 3 or 4 mills could be built. There were also smaller hand mills
| hadde
| had
|-
|-
| kvindemenneske || female
| halshugget
| decapitated
|-
|-
| kvinne || woman
| halv
| half
|-
|-
| kvinnekjønn || female
| halvbror
| half brother
|-
|-
| kyllinger || chickens
| halvsøster
| half sister
|-
|-
| kår || support received after giving one’s estate to another
| ham
| him
|-
|-
| kårkone || woman who receives kår
| han
| he
|-
|-
| kårmann || man who receives
| handelsmann
|}
| merchant, trader
 
====L====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| la || let, allow
| hans
| his
|-
|-
| lagmann || judge at the high court which was an appeals court over the local court
| hanskemaker
| glove maker
|-
|-
| lagrettemann || farmer who after taking an oath could function as judges or witnesses
| har
| has, have
|-
|-
| land || country
| hattemaker
| hatmaker
|-
|-
| landsby || village
| havn
| harbor
|-
|-
| langfredag || Good Friday
| heller
| rather
|-
|-
| landskyld || yearly rent which the renter paid to the land owner
| helligdag
| holiday
|-
|-
| laugverge || widow’s guardian or spokesman
| hengt seg
| hanged himself or herself
|-
|-
| ledstø || a stone boundary marker between two outer markers
| henne
| her
|-
|-
| legd || A group of farms which together were responsible for a portion of the community obligations such as taxes, providing soldiers, or taking care of the poor.
| her
| here
|-
|-
| legdslem || welfare recipient
| Herr
| Mr.
|-
|-
| leidang || a sea military defense ordinance in Viking times. Later it was made an annual tax
| herred
| judicial district
|-
|-
| leie || hire, rent
| Herren
| the Lord
|-
|-
| leier || tenant
| hest
| horse
|-
|-
| leilending || leaseholder; the person who rented land from the land owner
| heter
| is named
|-
|-
| lejermål, leiermål || unlawful and punishable sexual union outside of marriage
| historie
| history
|-
|-
| lenge || long
| hittebarn
| orphan, foundling
|-
|-
| lensmann/lensherre || sheriff; nobleman who had received a district from the king
| hjem
| home
|-
|-
| lensmannen || lowest level official in the local administration
| hjemme
| at home
|-
|-
| lese || read
| hjemmedøpt
| baptized at home
|-
|-
| leve || live
| hjemmehørende
| residing
|-
|-
| levende || live, living
| hjerte
| heart
|-
|-
| lignende || same, alike, similar
| hjertefeil
| heart disease
|-
|-
|ligprædiken
| hjul
|funeral sermon
| wheel
|-
|-
| lik || corpse, alike
| hjulmaker
| wheelwright
|-
|-
| likeledes || also, as well
| holde
| hold, stop
|-
|-
| lille || small
| horeri
| adultery
|-
|-
| lite (litt) || little
| hos
| with, at
|-
|-
| liten || little, small
| hoste
| cough
|-
|-
| liv || life
| hovedliste
| census list
|-
|-
| los || pilot (ship)
| hun
| she
|-
|-
| losjerende || boarder, lodger
| hundre(de)
| hundred (hundredth)
|-
|-
| lov || law
| hus
| house
|-
|-
| lovlig || legal
| husar
| hussar, cavalryman
|-
|-
| lungebetendelse || pneumonia
| husbonde
| head of household
|-
|-
| luteraner || Lutheran
| husholderske
| housekeeper
|-
|-
| lysning || post banns
| husmann
| cottager, tenant farmer
|-
|-
| lysninger || banns
| husmor
| housewife
|-
|-
| læregutt || apprentice
| hustru
| wife
|-
|-
| lærer || teacher (male)
| hva
| what
|-
|-
| lærerinne || teacher (female)
| hvem
| who
|-
|-
| lærling || apprentice
| hver
| every
|-
|-
| løkke || enclosure, meadow, paddock, vacant lot
| hvilken
| which
|-
|-
| løpenummer || serial number; the number given to a parcel of a farm. See more under Matrikkel.
| hvis
| if, whose
|-
|-
| lørdag || Saturday
| hvit
| white
|-
|-
| løsaktig || loose or immoral woman
| hvor
| where
|-
|-
| løsarbeider || day laborer
| hvordan
| how
|-
|-
| låve || barn
| hvorfor
|}
| why
 
====M====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| magesyke || diarrhea, stomach ailment
| hvorvidt
| whether
|-
|-
| mai || May
| høsten
| in the fall
|-
|-
| makeskifte || record of grown men. The oldest is from the 1660’s. Can also be used as a record of those who owe taxes.
| høy
| tall, high, hay
|-
|-
| maler || painter
| høyre
| right (side)
|-
|-
| mandag || Monday
| håndarbeide
| handwork
|-
|-
| mange || many
| håndtering
| occupation
|-
|-
| mann || man, husband
| håndverk
| trade, handicraft
|-
|-
| mannkjønn || male
|  
|  
|-
|-
| mark || field; as a coin = 1 ort whose weight is about 250 grams
| i
| in
|-
|-
| markegang || boundary line
| idiot
| idiot
|-
|-
| mars || March
| ifølge
| according to
|-
|-
| matrikkel || land registration; official register of real estate used as the foundation for taxation. In the first part of the 1600’s the farms were divided into full farms, half farms, and uninhabited farms and taxed accordingly. In the 1600’s the matrikkel commissions attempted to register all the property in Norway and to justify the tax burden for them. This resulted in the matrikkelen of 1688. Then they used the old terms of hud, geitskinn, og engelsk. This was the official matrikkelen until 1838 although there was a new matrikkel in 1723 which was never used. In 1818 work was started on a new matrikkelen which was put into effect in 1838. Each farm received a new number and each parcel (bruk) received a sub-number (løpenummer). These sub-numbers were a continuous number series for the entire registration as the farms were divided in 1820. With further divisions the numbers were followed by a letter of the alphabet, for example, 279a, 279b, etc. It was a difficult process because so many farms were continuously subdivided or the two parcels were once again united. In 1838 the debt was categorized as skylddaler = 5 ort = 120 schillings. In the 1860’s work was begun on a new matrikkel. Each farm received, once again, a new number and limitless bruksnummer beginning with 1. At the same time the debt values were used as 1 skyldmark = 100 øre. A revised version of this matrikkelen was instituted in 1906. Printed copies of the matrikkelen of 1838, 1889 and 1906 are available. They show the farm and the bruk name, owner, or tenant and the tax value.
| igår
| yesterday
|-
|-
| matrikkelnummer || the number assigned to identify property for taxation purposes.
| igjen
| again
|-
|-
| matros || sailor
| i hjel, slå
| kill
|-
|-
| med || with
| ikke
| not
|-
|-
| medhjelper || assistant, helper
| ikke enda
| not yet
|-
|-
| medlem || member
| ild
| fire
|-
|-
| med videre (Latin) || et cetera, and so on
| imellom
| between, among
|-
|-
| meg || me
| imorgen
| tomorrow
|-
|-
| mellom || middle
| infeksjon
| infection
|-
|-
| mellombygning || middle building
| ingen
| none
|-
|-
| men || but
| inn
| in
|-
|-
| mer || more, additional
| inne i
| inside
|-
|-
| meslinger || measles
| innerst
| renter, innermost
|-
|-
| messingsmed || brazier, brass smith
| innflyttning
| moving in
|-
|-
| mester || master (of a trade)
| innhold
| content
|-
|-
| midlertidig || temporarily
| innsitter
| renter
|-
|-
| midnatt || midnight
| innsjø
| lake
|-
|-
| mil || metric mile (ten kilometers)
| innvandring
| immigration
|-
|-
| militær || military
| intet
| none
|-
|-
| min || mine (belongs to me)
| introduceret
| introduced
|-
|-
| mindre || lesser
| Island
| Iceland
|-
|-
| minearbeider || miner
| islandsk
| Icelandic
|-
|-
| minste || smallest, youngest
|  
|  
|-
|-
| minutt || minute
| januar
| January
|-
|-
| modig || courageous, brave
| jeg
| I
|-
|-
| mor || mother
| jeger
| light infantry soldier, hunter
|-
|-
| mord || murder
| jomfru
| damsel, Miss, virgin
|-
|-
| morfar || maternal grandfather
| jordbruk
| farming
|-
|-
| morgen || morning
| jordet
| burial
|-
|-
| mormor || maternal grandmother
| jordmor
| midwife
|-
|-
| motta || receive
| jordpåkastelse
| ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin
|-
|-
| murer || mason
| jul
| Christmas
|-
|-
| musiker || musician
| juli
| July
|-
|-
| m.v. (Latin) || See med videre
| juni
| June
|-
|-
| myndig || of age
| jurist
| lawyer
|-
|-
| møbelsnekker || furniture maker
|  
|  
|-
|-
| møller || miller
| kallet
|}
| named
 
====N====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| nabo || neighbor
| kanskje
| maybe, perhaps
|-
|-
| nadverd || Communion, sacrament
| karet
| coach
|-
|-
| natt || night
| kart
| map
|-
|-
| navn || name
| katolsk
| Catholic
|-
|-
| nedbrent || burned down
| kavaleri
| cavalry
|-
|-
| nei || no
| kemmer
| peddler
|-
|-
| neste || next, neighbor
| kikhoste
| whooping cough
|-
|-
| neste år || next year
| kirke
| church
|-
|-
| nevø || nephew
| kirkebok
| parish register
|-
|-
| ni || nine
| kirkegård
| cemetery, churchyard
|-
|-
| niende || ninth
| kirkeværge
| church warden
|-
|-
| niese || niece
| kiste
| chest, coffin
|-
|-
| nitten || nineteen
| kjent
| known
|-
|-
| nittende || nineteenth
| kjønn
| sex
|-
|-
| nitti || ninety
| kjøpe
| buy
|-
|-
| nittiende || ninetieth
| kjøpmann
| merchant
|-
|-
| noen || some, any
| klokker
| sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon
|-
|-
| nord || north
| kloster
| convent, monastery
|-
|-
| november || November
| kokarde
| insignia
|-
|-
| nu, nå || now
| kolikk
| colic
|-
|-
| nulevende || living
| kommune
| municipality, township
|-
|-
| null || zero
| kone
| wife
|-
|-
| nummer || number
| konfirmasjon
| confirmation
|-
|-
| ny || new
| konge
| king
|-
|-
| nyfødt || newborn
| kongedømme
| kingdom
|-
|-
| nylig || lately
| kongelig
| royal
|-
|-
| nyttår || new year
| kontor
| office
|-
|-
| nær || near, close
| kopper
| smallpox, copper
|-
|-
| næringsvei || livelihood, trade
| kort
| short, card
|-
|-
| nå, nu || now
| kort register
| card index
|-
|-
| når || when, if, reach
| krampe
|}
| convulsions, spasm
====O====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| odel || birthright or allodial ownership
| kreft
| cancer
|-
|-
| odelsgods || property which someone has right to by inheritance. It is also used on all privately owned property except privileged noble estates
| krig
| war
|-
|-
| odelsskatt || tax on private property paid by a certain part of the property tax based on the amount of land which they didn’t used themselves. This term is a bit misleading because this tax was not only paid on private property, but also on purchased and mortgaged property.
| ku
| cow
|-
|-
| ofte || often
| kun
| only
|-
|-
| og || and
| kunngjøre
| declare
|-
|-
| oktober || October
| kunnskap
| knowledge
|-
|-
| oldebarn || great-grandchild
| kusine
| cousin (female)
|-
|-
| oldefar || great-grandfather
| kusk
| coachman, teamster
|-
|-
| oldeforeldre || great-grandparents
| kveg
| cattle
|-
|-
| oldemor || great-grandmother
| kvele
| choke
|-
|-
| om || if, about
| kvell
| evening
|-
|-
| omegn || neighboring places
| kvinne
| woman
|-
|-
| omtrent || about, almost, nearly
| kvinnekjønn
| female
|-
|-
| omvendelse || conversion
| kyllinger
| chickens
|-
|-
| onkel || uncle
| kår
| support received after giving one’s estate to another
|-
|-
| onsdag || Wednesday
| kårkone
| woman who receives kår
|-
|-
| opgave (ved uægte børn af hvem Opgaven er skeet) || task (specifically, for illegitimate children, who reported their status)
| kårmann
| man who receives
|-
|-
| opp || up
|  
|  
|-
|-
| oppe || above, upstairs
| la
| let, allow
|-
|-
| oppfostre || foster, to rear
| lagrettemann
| court member
|-
|-
| oppgivelsesskifte || probate held before the property was turned over to heirs when receiving a life estate. Also for the one which probated is deceased.
| land
| country
|-
|-
| opptegnelse || record
| landsby
| village
|-
|-
| ordbok || dictionary
| langfredag
| Good Friday
|-
|-
| ordfører || mayor
| laugverge
| widow’s guardian or spokesman
|-
|-
| ort || as money 1 ort = 24 skilling. Also used as a measure of debt.
| legd
| welfare, military levying district
|-
|-
| oss || us
| legdslem
| welfare recipient
|-
|-
| osv. || et cetera, and so on
| leie
| hire, rent
|-
|-
| over || over
| leier
| tenant
|-
|-
| overhoffretten || the highest court in Norway from 1666-1797
| leilending
| leaseholder
|-
|-
| overlevende || survivors
| lejermål
| illicit and punishable intercourse
|-
|-
| overtredelse || transgression
| lenge
|}
| long
 
====P====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| pagina (Latin) || page
| lensmann
| sheriff
|-
|-
| pallask || sword
| lese
| read
|-
|-
| pantebok || mortgage record
| leve
| live
|-
|-
| pantegods || property which is mortgaged. From the beginning of the 1700’s the mortgage holder had the right to all the properties income. He must also pay taxes on this income. In the 1700’s the mortgage holder collected yearly interest while the mortgagee kept the right of disposition of the property
| levende
| live, living
|-
|-
| parsell || plot of land, allotment
| lignende
| same, alike, similar
|-
|-
| parykkmaker || wigmaker
| lik
| corpse, alike
|-
|-
| penger || money
| likeledes
| also, as well
|-
|-
| pensjon || pension
| lille
| small
|-
|-
| pensjonist || retired person
| lite (litt)
| little
|-
|-
| person || person
| liten
| little, small
|-
|-
| pest || plague
| liv
| life
|-
|-
| pike (pige) || girl, maid
| los
| pilot (ship)
|-
|-
| pikebarn || female child
| losjerende
| boarder, lodger
|-
|-
| pikenavn || maiden name, girl’s name
| lov
| law
|-
|-
| pinse || Pentecost
| lovlig
| legal
|-
|-
| pladsen || the cottage - houses, place the cottager occupied
| lungebetendelse
| pneumonia
|-
|-
| plass || see Husmannsplass
| luteraner
| Lutheran
|-
|-
| pleiebarn || foster child
| lysning
| post banns
|-
|-
| pleiedatter || foster daughter
| lysninger
| banns
|-
|-
| pleiefar || foster father
| læregutt
| apprentice
|-
|-
| pleieforeldre || foster parents
| lærer
| teacher (male)
|-
|-
| pleiemor || foster mother
| lærerinne
| teacher (female)
|-
|-
| pleiesønn || foster son
| lærling
| apprentice
|-
|-
| poteter || potatoes
| løpenummer
| serial number
|-
|-
| pottemaker || potter
| lørdag
| Saturday
|-
|-
| preke || preach
| løsaktig
| loose or immoral woman
|-
|-
| prest || minister, priest
| løsarbeider
| day laborer
|-
|-
| prestegjeld || clerical district
|  
|  
|-
|-
| prestegods || the property which supported the priest and which he had income from as part of his salary
| magesyke
| diarrhea, stomach ailment
|-
|-
| prestekontor || parish office
| mai
| May
|-
|-
| prestemanntall || count or census of the priests
| maler
| painter
|-
|-
| prins || prince
| mandag
| Monday
|-
|-
| prinsesse || princess
| mange
| many
|-
|-
| på || on, at, upon
| mann
| man, husband
|-
|-
| påske || Easter
| mannkjønn
|}
| male
 
====R====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| register || index, register
| mark
| field
|-
|-
| regjering || government
| mars
| March
|-
|-
| regning || bill
| matrikkel
| land registration
|-
|-
| regnskap || account
| matros
| sailor
|-
|-
| reise || travel
| med
| with
|-
|-
| religion || religion
| medhjelper
| assistant, helper
|-
|-
| repslager || rope maker
| medlem
| member
|-
|-
| rett || court (noun), correct
| med videre (Latin)  
| et cetera, and so on
|-
|-
| rettferdig || just, righteous
| meg
| me
|-
|-
| ridder || knight
| mellom
| middle
|-
|-
| rik || wealthy
| mellombygning
| middle building
|-
|-
| riksbankdaler || main currency in Norway 1813-1816. 1 riksbankdaler = 6 mark = 96 riksbankskilling. At that time a very large amount of riksbankdaler were issued such that the value of them quickly decreased
| men
| but
|-
|-
| riksdaler || main currency in Norway 1544-1813. From 1625 1 rikdaler = 4 ort = 96 skilling
| mer
| more, additional
|-
|-
| riktig || correct
| meslinger
| measles
|-
|-
| rug || rye
| messingsmed
| brazier, brass smith
|-
|-
| rulle || a record of soldiers
| mester
| master (of a trade)
|-
|-
| rundt || around
| midlertidig
| temporarily
|-
|-
| ryg || rye
| midnatt
| midnight
|-
|-
| rytter || cavalryman
| mil
| metric mile (ten kilometers)
|-
|-
| rådmann || councilman
| militær
|}
| military
 
====S====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
|-
| sa || said, stated
| min
| mine (belongs to me)
|-
|-
| sabbat || Sabbath
| mindre
| lesser
|-
|-
| sagskjærer || sawmill worker who cut with a handsaw
| minearbeider
| miner
|-
|-
| sakefall || term for both fines and property confiscation of a condemned person which was paid to the authorities in the 1600’s
| minste
| smallest, youngest
|-
|-
| sakrament || sacrament
| minutt
| minute
|-
|-
| salig || deceased, holy, blessed
| modig
| courageous, brave
|-
|-
| salmaker || saddler
| mor
| mother
|-
|-
| samfunn || society
| mord
| murder
|-
|-
| samleie || intercourse
| morfar
| maternal grandfather
|-
|-
| samme || same
| morgen
| morning
|-
|-
| samme dag || the same day
| mormor
| maternal grandmother
|-
|-
| sammen || together
| motta
| receive
|-
|-
| sammesteds || in the same place
| murer
| mason
|-
|-
| samtlige || all
| musiker
| musician
|-
|-
| samtykke || consent
| m.v. (Latin)
| See med videre
|-
|-
| sau || sheep
| myndig
| of age
|-
|-
| seg || oneself
| møbelsnekker
| furniture maker
|-
|-
| seks || six
| møller
| miller
|-
|-
| seksten || sixteen
|  
|  
|-
|-
| sekstende || sixteenth
| nabo
| neighbor
|-
|-
| seksti || sixty
| nadverd
| Communion, sacrament
|-
|-
| sekstiende || sixtieth
| natt
| night
|-
|-
| selv || self
| navn
| name
|-
|-
| selveier || owner, freeholder; farmer which owned his own land in contrast to one who rented land
| nedbrent
| burned down
|-
|-
| selvmord || suicide
| nei
| no
|-
|-
| senere || later
| neste
| next, neighbor
|-
|-
| seng || bed
| neste år
| next year
|-
|-
| sengeliggende || bedridden
| nevø
| nephew
|-
|-
| separeret || separated
| ni
| nine
|-
|-
| september || September
| niende
| ninth
|-
|-
| side || page, side
| niese
| niece
|-
|-
| sidehus || side house
| nitten
| nineteen
|-
|-
| siden || since, later
| nittende
| nineteenth
|-
|-
| sin, sitt, sine || his, hers, its
| nitti
| ninety
|-
|-
| sinnsvak || insane, retarded
| nittiende
| ninetieth
|-
|-
| sinnsyk || mentally ill
| noen
| some, any
|-
|-
| siste || last, latter
| nord
| north
|-
|-
| siste olje || last rites
| november
| November
|-
|-
| sjette || sixth
| nu, nå
| now
|-
|-
| sju (syv) || seven
| nulevende
| living
|-
|-
| sjuende (syvende) || seventh
| null
| zero
|-
|-
| sjø || sea, lake
| nummer
| number
|-
|-
| sjømann || sailor, seaman
| ny
| new
|-
|-
| skaberak || elaborate horse blanket
| nyfødt
| newborn
|-
|-
| skaffe || produce
| nylig
| lately
|-
|-
| skal || shall, must
| nyttår
| new year
|-
|-
| skarlagensfeber || scarlet fever
| nær
| near, close
|-
|-
| skatt || tax
| næringsvei
| livelihood, trade
|-
|-
| skibsfører || ship’s captain
| nå, nu
| now
|-
|-
| skifte || probate
| når
| when, if, reach
|-
|-
| skifteprotokoll || probate record book
|  
|  
|-
|-
| skifteretten || probate court
| odel
| birthright or allodial ownership
|-
|-
| skilling || currency like 1/96 of a daler until 1816, later 1/120 speciedaler
| ofte
| often
|-
|-
| skilsmisse || divorce
| og
| and
|-
|-
| skilt || divorced
| oktober
| October
|-
|-
| skiløper || infantry soldier on skis, skier
| oldebarn
| great-grandchild
|-
|-
| skinn || calf skin. In about 1200 each farm paid the tax of one calf skin. In 1661 this tax was combined with Biskops- and Olavstax and then was revised to be assessed by the size of the farm so that the tax value varied between 1 and 3 skins per farm
| oldefar
| great-grandfather
|-
|-
| skipreide || administrative unit originally tied to leidangsvesenet. In the middle ages it was revised to be a district which paid rent to the crown. Later used as designation of jurisdiction, see tinglag
| oldeforeldre
| great-grandparents
|-
|-
| skjedde || happened
| oldemor
| great-grandmother
|-
|-
| skjøte || deed (property)
| om
| if, about
|-
|-
| skog || forest
| omegn
| neighboring places
|-
|-
| skole || school
| omtrent
| about, almost, nearly
|-
|-
| skomaker || shoemaker
| omvendelse
| conversion
|-
|-
| skoskatt || personal tax in 1711 of all who had shoes
| onkel
| uncle
|-
|-
| skredder || tailor
| onsdag
| Wednesday
|-
|-
| skriver || scribe
| opp
| up
|-
|-
| skulle || should
| oppe
| above, upstairs
|-
|-
| skyld/landskyld || yearly rent the lessee should pay to the landowner. In older times it was at the same time a set measurement for the property at purchase, sale, or probate. From the 1600’s the tax was aligned with the debt. All independent farms were taxed, whether it was rented or self-owned
| oppfostre
| foster, to rear
|-
|-
| skylddaler || 1 skylddaler = 5 ort = 120 skilling
| residence
|-
|-
| skylddeling || division of the debt when a farm was subdivided
| opptegnelse
| record
|-
|-
| skyssplikt || the farmers had the obligation to take care of the horse and horseman for travelers
| ordbok
| dictionary
|-
|-
| skysskaffer || person who had the assignment to obtain a horse and horseman for travelers
| ordfører
| mayor
|-
|-
| slag || strike, blow, stroke
| oss
| us
|-
|-
| slakter || butcher
| osv.
| et cetera, and so on
|-
|-
| slekt || relatives, family, lineage
| over
| over
|-
|-
| slektninger || relatives
| overlevende
| survivors
|-
|-
| slektsforskning || genealogy
| overtredelse
| transgression
|-
|-
| slektshistorie || family history, lineage books
|  
|  
|-
|-
| slektsvåpen || coat of arms
| pagina (Latin)
| page
|-
|-
| slå ihjel || kill
| pallask
| sword
|-
|-
| smed || smith
| pantebok
| mortgage record
|-
|-
| snart || soon
| parsell
| plot of land, allotment
|-
|-
| snekker || cabinetmaker, carpenter
| parykkmaker
| wigmaker
|-
|-
| sogn || parish
| penger
| money
|-
|-
| soldat || soldier
| pensjon
| pension
|-
|-
| sorenskriver || magistrate, probate judge; the office of sorenskriver was created by royal proclamation 31 July 1591. The sorenskriver was to be the secretary of the local court. But by the early 1600’s he had progressed to be the judge at the local court and after a time he became the sole judge. He also had obligations as a probate manager, auction manager, court attendant, notary public, etc.
| pensjonist
| retired person
|-
|-
| sort || black
| person
| person
|-
|-
| spebarn || infant, baby
| pest
| plague
|-
|-
| spillemann || musician, fiddler
| pike (pige)
| girl, maid
|-
|-
| speciedaler (spd) || main currency in Norway 1816-1875. 1 speciedaler = 5 ort = 120 skilling. With the switch to the crown (krone) in 1875 a speciedaler was to equal 4 crowns
| pikebarn
| female child
|-
|-
| stabbur || storehouse on pillars
| pikenavn
| maiden name, girl’s name
|-
|-
| stamtavle || descendancy chart
| pinse
| Pentecost
|-
|-
| stand || social position
| pleiebarn
| foster child
|-
|-
| stebarn || stepchild
| pleiedatter
| foster daughter
|-
|-
| stebror || stepbrother
| pleiefar
| foster father
|-
|-
| sted || place
| pleieforeldre
| foster parents
|-
|-
| stedatter || stepdaughter
| pleiemor
| foster mother
|-
|-
| stefar || stepfather
| pleiesønn
| foster son
|-
|-
| steinhogger || stonecutter
| pottemaker
| potter
|-
|-
| stemor || stepmother
| preke
| preach
|-
|-
| stervbo || the deceased’s dwelling (from the german “sterben”)
| prest
| minister, priest
|-
|-
| stesønn || stepson
| prestegjeld
| clerical district
|-
|-
| stilling || status, position, office
| prestekontor
| parish office
|-
|-
| stor || large
| prins
| prince
|-
|-
| straff || punishment
| prinsesse
| princess
|-
|-
| straks || right away, immediately
| på
| on, at, upon
|-
|-
| strandsitter || husmann who lived on the seacoast
| påske
| Easter
|-
|-
| stum || mute (can’t speak)
|  
|  
|-
|-
| summa (Latin) || totals
| register
| index, register
|-
|-
| summarisk || statistical, summary
| regjering
|-
| government
| svak || weak
|-
| svakhet || weakness
|-
| svart || black
|-
| svenn || journeyman
|-
| svensk || Swedish
|-
| Sverige || Sweden
|-
| svigerdatter || daughter-in-law
|-
| svigerfar || father-in-law
|-
| svigerinne || sister-in-law
|-
| svigermor || mother-in-law
|-
| svigersønn || son-in-law
|-
| svoger || brother-in-law
|-
| svulst || tumor
|-
| syd || south
|-
| sydlig || southern
|-
| syerske || seamstress
|-
| syk || sick
|-
| sykdom || disease
|-
| sypike || seamstress
|-
| sytten || seventeen
|-
| syttende || seventeenth
|-
| sytti || seventy
|-
| syttiende || seventieth
|-
| syv (sju) || seven
|-
| syvende (sjuende) || seventh
|-
| sølv || silver
|-
| søndag || Sunday
|-
| sønn || son
|-
| sønnedatter || son’s daughter
|-
| sønnesøn || son’s son
|-
| sør || south
|-
| søsken || siblings
|-
| søster || sister
|-
| søstersønn || sister’s son
|-
| så || saw (see), so, if so, sow (seed)
|-
| sådan || such
|-
| således || thus, in this or that
|}
|}


====T====
<br>
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| tak || roof
|-
| takk || thank you
|-
| takksigelse || thanksgiving
|-
| tall || number, count
|-
| tambur || drummer (soldier)
|-
| tante || aunt
|-
| testamente || last will
|-
| ti || ten
|-
| tid || time
|-
| tidlig || early
|-
| tidsperiode || period of time
|-
| tidsskrift || periodical
|-
| tiende || tenth, tithing; originally a payment to the church of 1/10 of increase. In the 1600’s it was paid annually
|-
| tigger || beggar
|-
| til || to, until, for
|-
| tillatelse || dispensation, permission
|-
| time || hour
|-
| tinglag || area of court jurisdiction for a local court
|-
| tippoldefar || great-great-grandfather
|-
| tippoldemor || great-great-grandmother
|-
| tirsdag || Tuesday
|-
| tittel || title
|-
| tjene || serve, work
|-
| tjeneste || service
|-
| tjenestedreng || servant, employee, male
|-
| tjenestepige || servant, employee, female
|-
| tjue (tyve) || twenty
|-
| tjueannen || twenty-second
|-
| tjueen || twenty-one
|-
| tjuefem || twenty-five
|-
| tjuefire || twenty-four
|-
| tjuefjerde || twenty-fourth
|-
| tjueførste || twenty-first
|-
| tjuende (tyvende) || twentieth
|-
| tjueni(ende) || twenty-nine (twenty-ninth)
|-
| tjueseks || twenty-six
|-
| tjuesjette || twenty-sixth
|-
| tjuesju(ende) || twenty-seven(th)
|-
| tjuetemte || twenty-fifth
|-
| tjueto || twenty-two
|-
| tjuetre(dje) || twenty-three (twenty-third)
|-
| tjueåtte(nde) || twenty-eight (twenty-eighth)
|-
| to || two
|-
| tohundre || two hundred
|-
| tollbetjent || customs officer
|-
| tolv || twelve
|-
| tolvte || twelfth
|-
| torsdag || Thursday
|-
| tre || three
|-
| tredevte (trettiende) || thirtieth
|-
| tredje || third
|-
| tredjeårstake || lease payment which was due every three years
|-
| tredve (tretti) || thirty
|-
| tretten(de) || thirteen (thirteenth)
|-
| trettien(de) || thirty-one (thirty-first)
|-
| trettiførste || thirty-first
|-
| trolovelse || engagement
|-
| trolovet || engaged
|-
| trosbekjennelse || creed
|-
| trossamfunn || religion
|-
| tuberkulose || consumption, tuberculosis
|-
| tukthus || prison
|-
| tusen(de) || thousand(th)
|-
| tvangsarbeide || hard labor, compulsory labor
|-
| tvilling || twin
|-
| tyfus || typhoid fever
|-
| tysk || German
|-
| Tyskland || Germany
|-
| tyv || thief
|-
| tyve (tjue) || twenty
|-
| tyvende (tjvende) || twentieth
|-
| tæring || tuberculosis
|-
| tømmermann || carpenter, framer, ship’s carpenter
|-
| tønne || barrel
|}
 
====U====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| udøpt || unbaptized
|-
| uekte || illegitimate
|-
| ugift || unmarried
|-
| uke || week
|-
| ukjent || unknown, foreign
|-
| ulovlig || illegal
|-
| ulykke || accident
|-
| umoralsk || immoral
|-
| umyndig || under legal age
|-
| under || under, below
|-
| underholde || support
|-
| underskrevne || the undersigned
|-
| underskrift || signature
|-
| undertegnet || signed
|-
| ung || young
|-
| ungkarl || bachelor
|-
| unntatt || except
|-
| uskyldig || innocent
|-
| ussel || miserable, poor
|-
| usømmelig || indecent
|-
| utdrag || extract
|-
| uten || without
|-
| utenfor || outside of
|-
| utfattog || destitute, penniless
|-
| utflyttning || moving out
|-
| utføre || perform, do
|-
| utgi || publish
|-
| uti || at, in
|-
| utlagt || named as, alleged
|-
| utlandet || foreign country
|-
| utskiftning || dissolution and redistribution of the several parcels of land making up the farm to make it more evenly distributed
|-
| utskyld || yearly payment to the crown in the southwest of Norway. Probably it was originally a duty of the farms along a road to support the king before the unification of Norway
|-
| utukt || lechery, fornication
|-
| utvandre || emigrate
|-
| utvandrer || emigrant
|-
| utvandring || emigration
|}
 
====V====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| vaccinerede || vaccination
|-
| vaksinert || vaccination, vaccinated
|-
| vanfør || crippled, disabled
|-
| vanskapt || deformed, handicapped
|-
| var || was, were
|-
| vattersot || dropsy (edema)
|-
| ved || at, by
|-
| vedkommende || person concerned
|-
| ved siden av || next to
|-
| ved uægte børn af hvem Opgaven er skeet || for illegitimate children, who reported their status
|-
| velstand || prosperity
|-
| venn || friend
|-
| venstre || left (side)
|-
| verge || guardian
|-
| verneplikt || military duty
|-
| vertshus || inn
|-
| vest || west
|-
| vever || weaver
|-
| vielse || marriage, wedding
|-
| vielsesattest || marriage certificate
|-
| viet || married
|-
| vikingtida || about 800-1000 years A.D.
|-
| vitne || witness
|-
| vitnesbyrd || testimony
|-
| vogn || carriage, wagon, vehicle
|-
| vognmann || coachman
|-
| voldta || rape
|-
| vurdering || appraisal
|-
| værdig || worthy
|-
| være || be
|-
| vår || our
|-
| våren || in the spring
|}
 
====Y====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| yngre || younger
|-
| yngst || youngest
|-
| yrke || profession
|}
 
====Æ====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| ærbødig || respectful
|-
| ære || honor
|-
| ærlig || honest
|-
| ættegransking || genealogy
|}
 
====Ø====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| øde || desolate, waste
|-
| ødegård || from the late 1500’s this was also a classification of a farm for tax purposes and was used for all farms in the lowest classification. 1 ødegård = a quarter farm
|-
| ødelegge || destroy
|-
| ødemark || wasteland, wilderness
|-
| ønske || wish, desire, want
|-
| øre || ear; after 1889 taxes owed, 100 øre = 1 skyldmark
|-
| øst || east
|-
| øvre || upper
|-
| øy || island
|-
| øye, øie || eye
|}
 
====Å====
{| class="wikitable"
! Norwegian !! English
|-
| åmage || it was usual when one wanted to preserve the inheritance in property but did not have the economic ability to pay by a certain time that they announced their rights to the land in the court to retain their inheritance
|-
| ånd || spirit
|-
| åndsvak || mentally deficient
|-
| år || year
|-
| årgangssag || sawmill which had a large enough water supply to operate throughout the year
|-
| århundre || century
|-
| årlig || annual, yearly
|-
| årsak || cause, reason
|-
| åsetesrett || the right to take over an undivided landed property
|-
| åsted || where event took place (place of event)
|-
| åtte || eight
|-
| åttende || eighth
|-
| åtti || eighty
|-
| åttiede || eightieth
|}


== Additional Resources ==
=== ADDITIONAL RESOURCES ===


This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the FamilySearch Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321. FamilySearch Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm:  
This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321. Family History Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm:  


Scavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]''. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FS Library film 1,224,705, item 4).  
Scavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]''. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 4).  


cavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian'']. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FS Library film 1,224,705, item 3).<br><br>Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the FamilySearch Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  
cavenius, H. ''Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian'']. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 3).<br><br>Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.  


== Key Words ==
=== KEY WORDS ===


In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.  
In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.  
Line 2,479: Line 1,953:
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.  
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
|-
|-
| '''English'''  
| '''English'''  
Line 2,487: Line 1,961:
| lysninger
| lysninger
|-
|-
| birth  
| birth <br>
| fødte, født
| fødte, født
|-
|-
| burial  
| burial <br>
| begravelse, jordet
| begravelse, jordet
|-
|-
Line 2,496: Line 1,970:
| folketelling
| folketelling
|-
|-
| child
| child <br>
| barn
| barn
|-
|-
Line 2,502: Line 1,976:
| døbte, døbt
| døbte, døbt
|-
|-
| clerical district  
| clerical&nbsp;district  
| prestegjeld
| prestegjeld
|-
|-
| confirmation  
| confirmation <br>
| konfirmasjon, konfirmerede
| konfirmasjon, konfirmerede
|-
|-
Line 2,547: Line 2,021:
| fornavn
| fornavn
|-
|-
| name, surname  
| name, surname <br>
| etternavn
| etternavn
|-
|-
Line 2,569: Line 2,043:
|}
|}


[[Category:Norway Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Language and Handwriting]] [[Category:Word_List]]
[[Category:Norway]] [[Category:Word_List]]

Revision as of 13:14, 19 August 2009

This Norwegian Word List contains Norwegian words with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Norwegian-English dictionary. (See the "Additional Resources" section below.)

Norwegian is a Germanic language like Swedish, Danish, and Icelandic. There are two official dialects in Norway. Prior to 1915 most Norwegian records are in a language closer to written Danish than to modern Norwegian. You may also want to refer to the Danish Genealogical Word List.

Records published after 1915, such as family and local histories, are in modern Norwegian. Most differences between modern and old Norwegian are simply a matter of spelling. Carefully study the section below on spelling. This will help you find the words in this list.

LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS[edit | edit source]

Variant Forms of Words

In Norwegian, as in English, the forms of some words will vary according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant forms. The endings of a word in a document may differ from those in this list. For example:

Mann man Kone wife
Mannen the man Kona the wife
Menn men Koner wives
Mennene the men Konene the wives


Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]

Written Norwegian has three letters not found in the English alphabet: Æ (æ), Ø (ø), and Å (å). In most record sources prior to 1915, Å (å) is written as Aa (aa) and filed at the beginning of the alphabet. Modern Norwegian dictionaries, indexes, the Locality section of the Family History Library Catalog, and this word list use the following alphabetical order:

a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  i  j  k  l  m  n  o  p  q  r  s  t  u  v  w  x  y  z  æ  ø  å

A through C[edit | edit source]

Norwegian English

A

absolvere to give absolution
adel nobility
adelig noble
adelsmann nobleman
adoptert adopted
adresse address
aften evening
alder age
alderdomssvakhet weakness of old age
aldri never
alle all
alltid always
almisse charity
almisselem indigent, poor
altergang Communion
amt county
amtmann chief county administrator
andre others, other, next
anetavle pedigree chart
anfall seizure, attack
anførte entered, mentioned
ankomst arrival
anmerkning remark, notice, note
annen, annet second, another
annen gang second time
anno (Latin) year
annonsere publish, announce
antall number, count
april April
arbeider laborer
arkiv archive
arv inheritance
arvelodd share of inheritance
arving heir
astma asthma
at that
atten eighteen
attende eighteenth
attest certificate
august August
av of, at, by, from
avdeling part, division
avdød deceased
avgangen departed
avgift duty (monetary), fee
avkom offspring, issue
avtale agreement

B

bakbygning back building (additional residence behind the main building)
baker baker
bakke hill
bannlyse excommunicate
baptist Baptist
bar carried
bar barnet held child (at baptism font)
bare only
barn child
barna children
barndom childhood
barnebarn grandchild
barnedåp child baptism
barnefar child’s father
barnløs childless
barsel birth
barselfeber childbed fever
barselseng birthing bed
be pray, request
beboer occupant, resident
bededag prayer day
bedrive hor commit adultery
befolkning population, people
begge both
begivenhet event, occurrence
begravelse funeral, burial
begravet buried
behandle handle, treat, manage
bemerkning remark
ben leg, bone
benekte deny
benåde pardon
beruset drunk
besetning livestock, crew
beskrivelse description
beslektet related
bestefar grandfather
besteforeldre grandparents
bestemor grandmother
besvangre impregnate, get with child, make pregnant
betale pay
betler beggar
bevilge grant
bevis proof
bibliotek library
bind volume (book)
biografi biography
biskop bishop
bispedømme diocese
bli become
blikkenslager tinsmith
blind blind
blod blood
blodgang dysentery
blodskam incest
blodsott abnormal loss of blood during illness
bo to live at
bodde lived
bok book
bokhandler bookseller
bokholder, bokfører bookkeeper
bokstav letter, character
bolig residence, house
bonde farmer
bopel residence, domicile
borger citizen
borgermester mayor
borgerskap citizenship
bot fine, penalty
brann fire
brennevinsbrenner distiller of spirits
brev letter (correspondence)
bro bridge
bror brother
brordatter brother’s daughter
brorsønn brother’s son
brud bride
brudgom bridegroom
bruk farm, use
brygger brewer
bryllup wedding
budeie milkmaid
buskap livestock, crew
by town, city
bygd small country community, village
bygdebok rural chronicles
bygsel lease
byll abscess
byllepest plague (bubonic)
bære carry
bøkker cooper, barrel maker
både both, either
båret carried
båt boat, ship
båtbygger shipbuilder
båtsmann boatswain, bosun

C

cirka approximately
communion Communion
confirmerede confirmed
copulerede marriage

D through F

dag day
dagen før the previous day
dagsarbeider day laborer
dal valley
Danmark Denmark
dannekvinde gentlewoman
dannemand gentleman
dansk Danish
dato date (noun)
datter daughter
datterdatter daughter’s daughter
dattersønn daughter’s son
datum (Latin) date
dele to divide, to share
dem them, they
den the, it, that
denne this
der there
deres their
derfor therefore
desember December
det it, that, the
difteri diphtheria
din your
disse these
diverse various
dokument document
domkirke cathedral
dommer judge
dragon dragoon, light cavalryman
dreng boy
drengebarn male child
drepe kill
dronning queen
druknet drowned
dydig virtuous
dø to die
døbt(e) christening
død dead, death
døde died, death
dødfødt stillborn
dødsfall death
døgn 24-hour period of time
døpt baptized, christened
døtre daughters
døv deaf
døvstum deaf and dumb
dåp baptism
dåpsattest certificate of baptism
dåpsdag day of baptism

E

efter after
efterkommer descendant
efterlatte surviving, survivors
efterlevende surviving
eftermiddag afternoon
efternavn surname, last name
egen own
egentlig actual
egteviede marriage
eie, eje to own
eiendom property, real estate
ekte legitimate, to marry
ektefelle spouse
ektemann husband
ektepar married couple
ekteskap marriage
ekteskapelig marital, conjugal
ekteviet married
eldre older
eldst oldest, eldest
elev student
eller or, or else
elleve eleven
ellevte eleventh
elv river, stream
embete public office
embetsmann public official
emigrant emigrant
emigrere emigrate
en, et a, one
enebarn only child
engelsk English
England England
enhver each
enke widow
enkemann widower
enkestand widowed
ennu yet, still
epilepsi epilepsy
er is, are
erhverv livelihood
erkjenne acknowledge
et a, one
etasje floor, story
etc. (Latin) et cetera, and so on
etternavn surname, last
evne intelligence
gammel old
gartner gardener
garver tanner
gate street
gave gift, endowment
geistlig ecclesiastical
geografisk leksikon gazetteer
gift marriage, married, poison
gikt rheumatism
gjeld debt
gjenlevende survivors
gjennom through
gjestgiver innkeeper
gjet, gjeit goat
gjeter herdsman
gjørtler brazier, brass smith
god good
gods estate
godseier estate owner
gratis free
grav grave
graver gravedigger, sexton
gravlund cemetery
gravsted burial place
gren branch
grenader infantryman
grense boundary, border
greve Count (nobility)
grevinne Countess
grunn ground, reason
gruve mine, pit
gruvearbeider miner
grønn green
gudfar godfather
gudmor godmother
gull gold
gulsot jaundice
gulv floor
gutt boy
gå go, walk
gård farm
gårdbruker farmer
gårdeier farm owner
gårsdagens of yesterday
ha to have
hadde had
halshugget decapitated
halv half
halvbror half brother
halvsøster half sister
ham him
han he
handelsmann merchant, trader
hans his
hanskemaker glove maker
har has, have
hattemaker hatmaker
havn harbor
heller rather
helligdag holiday
hengt seg hanged himself or herself
henne her
her here
Herr Mr.
herred judicial district
Herren the Lord
hest horse
heter is named
historie history
hittebarn orphan, foundling
hjem home
hjemme at home
hjemmedøpt baptized at home
hjemmehørende residing
hjerte heart
hjertefeil heart disease
hjul wheel
hjulmaker wheelwright
holde hold, stop
horeri adultery
hos with, at
hoste cough
hovedliste census list
hun she
hundre(de) hundred (hundredth)
hus house
husar hussar, cavalryman
husbonde head of household
husholderske housekeeper
husmann cottager, tenant farmer
husmor housewife
hustru wife
hva what
hvem who
hver every
hvilken which
hvis if, whose
hvit white
hvor where
hvordan how
hvorfor why
hvorvidt whether
høsten in the fall
høy tall, high, hay
høyre right (side)
håndarbeide handwork
håndtering occupation
håndverk trade, handicraft
i in
idiot idiot
ifølge according to
igår yesterday
igjen again
i hjel, slå kill
ikke not
ikke enda not yet
ild fire
imellom between, among
imorgen tomorrow
infeksjon infection
ingen none
inn in
inne i inside
innerst renter, innermost
innflyttning moving in
innhold content
innsitter renter
innsjø lake
innvandring immigration
intet none
introduceret introduced
Island Iceland
islandsk Icelandic
januar January
jeg I
jeger light infantry soldier, hunter
jomfru damsel, Miss, virgin
jordbruk farming
jordet burial
jordmor midwife
jordpåkastelse ceremony of sprinkling earth on the coffin
jul Christmas
juli July
juni June
jurist lawyer
kallet named
kanskje maybe, perhaps
karet coach
kart map
katolsk Catholic
kavaleri cavalry
kemmer peddler
kikhoste whooping cough
kirke church
kirkebok parish register
kirkegård cemetery, churchyard
kirkeværge church warden
kiste chest, coffin
kjent known
kjønn sex
kjøpe buy
kjøpmann merchant
klokker sexton, parish clerk, bell ringer, deacon
kloster convent, monastery
kokarde insignia
kolikk colic
kommune municipality, township
kone wife
konfirmasjon confirmation
konge king
kongedømme kingdom
kongelig royal
kontor office
kopper smallpox, copper
kort short, card
kort register card index
krampe convulsions, spasm
kreft cancer
krig war
ku cow
kun only
kunngjøre declare
kunnskap knowledge
kusine cousin (female)
kusk coachman, teamster
kveg cattle
kvele choke
kvell evening
kvinne woman
kvinnekjønn female
kyllinger chickens
kår support received after giving one’s estate to another
kårkone woman who receives kår
kårmann man who receives
la let, allow
lagrettemann court member
land country
landsby village
langfredag Good Friday
laugverge widow’s guardian or spokesman
legd welfare, military levying district
legdslem welfare recipient
leie hire, rent
leier tenant
leilending leaseholder
lejermål illicit and punishable intercourse
lenge long
lensmann sheriff
lese read
leve live
levende live, living
lignende same, alike, similar
lik corpse, alike
likeledes also, as well
lille small
lite (litt) little
liten little, small
liv life
los pilot (ship)
losjerende boarder, lodger
lov law
lovlig legal
lungebetendelse pneumonia
luteraner Lutheran
lysning post banns
lysninger banns
læregutt apprentice
lærer teacher (male)
lærerinne teacher (female)
lærling apprentice
løpenummer serial number
lørdag Saturday
løsaktig loose or immoral woman
løsarbeider day laborer
magesyke diarrhea, stomach ailment
mai May
maler painter
mandag Monday
mange many
mann man, husband
mannkjønn male
mark field
mars March
matrikkel land registration
matros sailor
med with
medhjelper assistant, helper
medlem member
med videre (Latin) et cetera, and so on
meg me
mellom middle
mellombygning middle building
men but
mer more, additional
meslinger measles
messingsmed brazier, brass smith
mester master (of a trade)
midlertidig temporarily
midnatt midnight
mil metric mile (ten kilometers)
militær military
min mine (belongs to me)
mindre lesser
minearbeider miner
minste smallest, youngest
minutt minute
modig courageous, brave
mor mother
mord murder
morfar maternal grandfather
morgen morning
mormor maternal grandmother
motta receive
murer mason
musiker musician
m.v. (Latin) See med videre
myndig of age
møbelsnekker furniture maker
møller miller
nabo neighbor
nadverd Communion, sacrament
natt night
navn name
nedbrent burned down
nei no
neste next, neighbor
neste år next year
nevø nephew
ni nine
niende ninth
niese niece
nitten nineteen
nittende nineteenth
nitti ninety
nittiende ninetieth
noen some, any
nord north
november November
nu, nå now
nulevende living
null zero
nummer number
ny new
nyfødt newborn
nylig lately
nyttår new year
nær near, close
næringsvei livelihood, trade
nå, nu now
når when, if, reach
odel birthright or allodial ownership
ofte often
og and
oktober October
oldebarn great-grandchild
oldefar great-grandfather
oldeforeldre great-grandparents
oldemor great-grandmother
om if, about
omegn neighboring places
omtrent about, almost, nearly
omvendelse conversion
onkel uncle
onsdag Wednesday
opp up
oppe above, upstairs
oppfostre foster, to rear
residence
opptegnelse record
ordbok dictionary
ordfører mayor
oss us
osv. et cetera, and so on
over over
overlevende survivors
overtredelse transgression
pagina (Latin) page
pallask sword
pantebok mortgage record
parsell plot of land, allotment
parykkmaker wigmaker
penger money
pensjon pension
pensjonist retired person
person person
pest plague
pike (pige) girl, maid
pikebarn female child
pikenavn maiden name, girl’s name
pinse Pentecost
pleiebarn foster child
pleiedatter foster daughter
pleiefar foster father
pleieforeldre foster parents
pleiemor foster mother
pleiesønn foster son
pottemaker potter
preke preach
prest minister, priest
prestegjeld clerical district
prestekontor parish office
prins prince
prinsesse princess
på on, at, upon
påske Easter
register index, register
regjering government


ADDITIONAL RESOURCES[edit | edit source]

This word list includes only words most commonly found in genealogical sources. For further help, use a Norwegian-English dictionary. Several Norwegian-English dictionaries are available at the Family History Library. These are in the Scandinavian collection. Their call numbers begin with 439.82321. Family History Centers can obtain the following dictionaries on microfilm:

Scavenius, H. Glydendals Ordbøker; Norsk-Engelsk [Gyldendal’s Dictionaries; Norwegian-English]. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 4).

cavenius, H. Glydendals Ordbøker; Engelsk-Norsk [Glydendal’s Dictionaries; English-Norwegian]. Oslo, Norway: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1945. (FHL film 1,224,705, item 3).

Additional dictionaries are listed in the Subject section of the Family History Library Catalog under NORWEGIAN LANGUAGE - DICTIONARIES and in the Locality section under NORWAY - LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES.

KEY WORDS[edit | edit source]

In order to find and use specific types of Norwegian records, you will need to know some key words in Norwegian. This section lists key genealogical terms in English and the Norwegian words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Norwegian words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, legitimate, joined, and other words used in Norwegian records to indicate marriage.

English Norwegian
banns lysninger
birth
fødte, født
burial
begravelse, jordet
census folketelling
child
barn
christening døbte, døbt
clerical district prestegjeld
confirmation
konfirmasjon, konfirmerede
death døde, død
engagement forlovelse, trolovelse
father far
female kvinnekjønn
husband ektemann
index register
male mannkjønn
marriage copulerede, egteviede, gift, vielse
military militær
mother mor
moving in innflyttning
moving out utflyttning
name, given fornavn
name, surname
etternavn
parents foreldre
parish sogn
probate skifte
vaccination vaccinerede, vaksinert
wife hustru
year år

Family History Library (FHL); now called, FamilySearch Library (FSL)

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