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| {{IA-sidebar}}{{breadcrumb
| | ''[[United States|United States]] > [[Iowa Genealogy|Iowa]] > Iowa Minorities'' <br> |
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| ==Cultural Groups==
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| In '''1860''' there were 674,913 Iowans. Immigrants made up 106,081 of the population. Here are the totals for each nationality with a small number of settlers from other countries. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soi35.htm Colonists from Europe] </ref>
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| {| width="70%" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
| | Immigrants began to settle in Iowa around 1833. The Family History Library has many books about the different ethnic groups that settled in Iowa, including Amish, Danish, Dutch, German, and Swedish immigrants. These books may contain biographical information about individuals, groups that immigrated together, and ministers who immigrated with members of their church congregation. |
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| *Germany 38,555
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| *Irish 28,072
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| *British 11,522
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| *Canadians 8,313
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| *Norwegians 5,688
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| *Scottish 2,895
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| *Dutch 2,615
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| *Swiss 2,519
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| *French 2,421
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| *Swedish 1,465
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| *Welsh 913
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| *Danish 661
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| In '''1890''' there were 324,669 settlers from other nations. Less then one thousand were representing various other countries. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soi35.htm Colonists from Europe] </ref>
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| {| width="70%" class="FCK__ShowTableBorders"
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| *Germany 127,246
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| *Irish 27,353
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| *Swedish 30,276
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| *Norwegian 27,078
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| *British 26,205
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| *Canadian 17,465
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| *Danish 15,519
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| *Bohemian or Czech 10,928
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| *Dutch 7,941
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| *Scottish 7,701
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| *Swiss 4,310
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| *Welsh 3,601
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| *French 2,327
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| *Austrian 1,715
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| The ''Iowa Heritage Illustrated''. Fall and Winter 2011 pages 100-103. ''Iowa Shares and the Cambodian Refugees''. by Matthew Walsh.
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| 1975-1981 Iowa SHARES: (Iowa Sends Help to Aid Refugees and End Starvation)under the leadership of Governor Robert Ray; The Tai Dam (Cambodian Refugees) community of over 1,200 settled in Iowa in 1975.
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| 1979-1981 nearly 8,000 refugees (including the Tai Dam) had resettled in Iowa; "boat people" (Vietnamese refugees)
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| ===African American===
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| *See [[African American Resources for Iowa]]
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| Iowa’s first constitution of 1846 required blacks to pay a $500 bond to enter the state and barred them from voting, holding office, serving in the state militia, attending public schools and marrying whites.<ref> Outside In: African-American History in Iowa, 1838-2000. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 2001.</ref> After 1865 that the African American population tripled mainly emigrating from neighboring states. <ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=chC81in93GUC&pg=PA220&lpg=PA220&dq=The+Coming+of+the+Foreigners+iowa&source=bl&ots=AxZyKDl1PY&sig=UktLaSjkoMOt8T8NmI3w6KXfUKE&hl=en&ei=xbDiTf_cJMHniAL38Y2rBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Coming%20of%20the%20Foreigners%20iowa&f=false Google Books]</ref> <ref>Alice Eichholz, ed., ''Redbook: American State, County, and Town Sources, 3rd ed.'' (Provo, Utah: Ancestry, 2004), 291. ({{FSC|479190|item|disp=FS Library Book 973 D27rb}}). [[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55947869 WorldCat entry]].</ref>
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| Different occupations brought the African American population to Iowa. Lead mining, laying tracks for the railroad, and in the river towns of Burlington, Davenport, Keokuk and Sioux City, they worked as deckhands on ships that traveled up and down the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.
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| Buxton was a coal mining town that was racially harmonious. In 1905, more than one half of the 5,000 inhabitants of this community were African-American. The others were comprised of immigrants from Russia, Belgium, Bohemia, France, Germany, and Norway. <ref> [http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000195 Iowa's African Americans] </ref>
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| When Fort Des Moines became the site of the [http://www.jstor.org/pss/274896 Colored Officers Training Camp] in 1917 the African American population greatly increased. Many of these families chose to stay in Des Moines after World War I ended in 1918. Many African-American leaders came from this area.
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| *[[African American History|African American History]]
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| *[[African American Research|African American Research]]
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| *[http://africanamericanrailroaders.blogspot.com/ African American Railroaders]
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| *[[Beginning African American Research|Beginning African American Research]]
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| *[http://www.blackiowa.org/ Black Iowa]
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| See [[African American Resources for Iowa]].
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| There were relatively few '''African Americans''' in Iowa before the Civil War. For a list of books and articles about slavery in early Iowa, see pages 5–6 of:
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| *''Iowa in the Civil War: A Reference Guide.''<ref>Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa, 197- Robertson, James J. Jr. ''Iowa in the Civil War: A Reference Guide.'' Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa, 197- (FamilySearch Library {{FSC|188275|title-id|disp=book 977.7 A1 no. 40; fiche 6049713}}) </ref>
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| The African American Museum of Iowa
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| 55 12ths Avenue SE
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| Cedar Rapids 52401
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| Phone: 1-319-862-2101
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| The State Historical Society of Iowa at Iowa City has: records of the Iowa Association of Colored Women's Clubs 1903-72. Also known as the Iowa Federation of Colored Women's Clubs.
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| [http://www.blackiowa.org www.blackiowa.org]
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| ===Dutch===
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| [[Image:Vermeer Mill.JPG|thumb|right|250px]]
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| Large numbers of Dutch farmers and craftsman searching for religious freedom left Holland for the lush land in central Iowa. Pella was settled by 800 Dutch immigrants. With encouragement from those in Pella more Dutch families immigrated and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_City,_Iowa Orange City] was settled in the mid-1800s. <ref>[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/myPath.cfm?ounid=ob_000205 Iowa Pathways ''The Dutch''] </ref>
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| Once these settlements were well established, letters and printed material sent home to Holland generated a constant stream of immigrants to the area. This went for 85 years until 1930 when the Great Depression and immigration quotas put a stop the influx of the Dutch.<ref>[http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Du-Ha/Dutch-Americans.html Dutch Americans] </ref>
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| *[http://www.onlinebiographies.info/ia/mar/pella.htm Biographies of Early Pella Settlers]
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| ===French===
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| French explorers were the first white men to settle in Iowa. They were there when France ceded the land to Spain. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/soi/soic4.htm Mines of Spain] </ref> Once they settled on mining more French Canadians immigrated to the area. <ref> [http://iagenweb.org/history/moi/moi12.htm Early Iowa Settlers] </ref>
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| In 1857 a group of Icariens, about 40 members, crossed the Mississippi and headed west to form a colony Icaria, near [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corning,_Iowa Corning, Iowa]. <ref>Robert P. Sutton, ''Les Icariens: the utopian dream in Europe and America'' </ref>
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| *[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/artifact_detail.cfm?aid=a_000739&oid=ob_000150 The Icariens]
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| ===German===
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| In the 1840s Germans began to arrive in Iowa. The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty-Eighters “forty-eighters”] of 1848 brought more German immigrants due to political unrest. Then in 1860, with the conscripting of young men into the army, they, along with their families fled to the welcoming land of Iowa. Keokuk, Burlington, Muscatine, Davenport, Lyons, and Dubuque were destination settlements for Germans.
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| *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty-Eighters Forty-Eighters]
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| *[http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000206 Germans]
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/jf-iager.html The Germans of Iowa And Their Achievements]
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-90.html The Oldest Germans of Iowa - 1895] <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften"
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| (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900 pages 295 - 296 ) FS Library Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-ua.html German Officers in the Union Army] Civil War Officers <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften"
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| (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900, pages 92 - 94) FS Library Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/iager-az.html The Germans of Iowa And Their Achievements ''Extract of Biographical Sketches''] <ref> Jospeh Eiboeck, "Die Deutschen von Iowa und deren Errungenschaften" (Des Moines, IA: des Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, 1900, FS Library Microfilm #1036447 </ref>
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| *[http://www.worldcat.org/title/german-immigrants-in-american-church-records-volume-7-iowa-west-protestant/oclc/772645615 German Immigrants in Western Iowa Protestant Church Records]
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| *{{FSC|1316260|item|disp=German Immigrants in NE Iowa Protestant Church Records}}
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| *[http://www.feefhs.org/links/other/jf-iager/jf-iager.html Germans of Iowa] FS Library Microfilm number for this book is #1036447
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| ====Amana Colonies====
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| In 1841 the German Government was getting extremely intolerant of the Inspirationist congregations so they sent men to America to find them a new area to colonize. They settled first in close to Buffalo, New York in a community they called Ebenezer. Needing a more secluded area, they eventually settled in the fertile land of Iowa along the Iowa river. In 1855 the first village, Amana, was laid set up. Six more villages had been established by 1863.<ref> "History of the Seven Villages" at [https://amanacolonies.com/visitors-guide/history-of-the-seven-villages/ Amana Colonies], accessed 26 October 2023.</ref><ref>"Origins of the Colonies" at [https://www.nps.gov/articles/origins-of-the-colonies.htm National Park Service], accessed 26 October 2023.</ref>
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| ====Amish and Mennonite ====
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| The [http://www.gameo.org/encyclopedia/contents/A4574ME.html Amish] or sometimes known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amish_Mennonite Mennonite Amish], originally came from three countries, the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatinate_%28region%29 Palatinate] region of Germany, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsace Alsace] now in France, and German speaking Switzerland. This group of Amish and Mennonite immigrants came to Pennsylvania with the Palatine groups in the 18th century. They spoke [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_German_language Pennsylvania German] commonly known as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch Pennsylvania Dutch].
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| The Amish are a subgroup from the Mennonites. <ref> [http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-amish-and-mennonite/ The Difference between Amish and Mennonites] </ref> After arriving in Pennsylvania the immigrants split into different settlements in Iowa among other states.
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| *[[Mennonite Church in the United States|Mennonite Church in the United States]]
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| *[[Mennonites|Mennonites]]
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| ===Indigenous Peoples===
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| *See [[Indigenous Peoples of Iowa]]
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| ===Irish===
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| Bellevue, Charleston (now Sabula) and Concord Township in Dubuque county were all large Irish settlements. Another large percentage of Irish were among the early immigrants to Bankston, Farley and Dyersville. A few families, about fifty Irish settled along the Maquoketa River near Cascade in 1842. [http://www.emmetsburg.com/About/History.htm Emmitsburg] was founded by a large group of Irish and has as it's sister city Dublin, Ireland.
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/irishsettlersiniowa.htm Irish Towns In Iowa]
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/iafenianmovement.htm The Fenian Movement]
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| *[http://www.celticcousins.net/irishiniowa/iairishpopulation.htm Percentage of Iowa's Population Born in Ireland 1870-1950]
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| ===Jewish===
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| Between 1848 and 1878 nearly 1000 Jewish settlers immigrated to communities along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Their talents as cobblers, milliners, grocers, tailors, teachers, doctors and lawyers were welcomed to this new frontier. This Jewish population were mostly from Germany, immigrating to escape anti-Semitism from their native land. After 1900 the Jewish grew in population due to the influx from Eastern Europe, mainly Russia and America's East Coast.<ref> [http://www.iptv.org/iowapathways/mypath.cfm?ounid=ob_000156 Jewish Settlers] </ref>
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| ===Swedish===
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| *See [[Iowa: Swedish American]]
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| [[Burlington, Iowa|Burlington]], in Des Moines county, was a type of port of entry for Swedish immigrants arriving in Iowa, once arriving several choose to stay swelling Burlington's Swedish population to about 200 by 1846.
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| The first complete Swedish settlement in Iowa was [http://www.anusha.com/cassel.htm Cassel colony] (New Sweden) in 1845. <ref> [http://www.amerikaveckan.se/english/societies/theswedishpetercasselsociety.4.44feac9512b634f1e0c800011252.html Cassel Colony] </ref>This was followed in 1846 by Swede Point, later called Madrid, in Boone county. A few smaller settlements sprang up around the area of Madrid, at Boonesboro, Moingona, Pilot Mound, Boxholm, and Ogden.
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| *[http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~gwgustaf/library/Sett/Ia2first.htm First Swedish Settlement]
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| == General ==
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| See also [[United States Cultural Groups]] for additional resources.
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| Other records and histories of ethnic, racial, and religious groups in Iowa are listed in the Place Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
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| :'''IOWA - MINORITIES'''
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| :'''IOWA, [COUNTY] - MINORITIES'''
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| :'''IOWA, [COUNTY], [TOWN] - MINORITIES'''
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| You will also find records in the Subject Search of the FamilySearch Catalog under:
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| :'''AFRO-AMERICANS - IOWA'''
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| ==Sources==
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| Czech, Bohemian, and Slovak
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| Danish, Dutch, English, Germans, Irish, Italians, Lyuxemburgers, Norwegians, Swedish, Swiss, Welch
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| Publications for above groups listed in ''National Genealogical Society Quarterly.'' Vol 102, No. 4, December 2014. Genealogical Research in Iowa. by Marieta A. Grissom. pp. 263-306.
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| An excellent bibliography about the different immigrant groups is: | | An excellent bibliography about the different immigrant groups is: |
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| *''Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources'' <ref>Eichholz, Alice, ed. Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources. Rev. ed. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1992. (FS Library book 973 D27rb 1992; computer number 594021.)</ref> Contains bibliographies and background information on history and ethnic groups. Also contains maps and tables showing when each county was create | | *''Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources'' <ref>Eichholz, Alice, ed. Ancestry’s Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources. Rev. ed. Salt Lake City: Ancestry, 1992. (FHL book 973 D27rb 1992; computer number 594021.)</ref> Contains bibliographies and background information on history and ethnic groups. Also contains maps and tables showing when each county was create |
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| *''Iowa History Reference Guide'' <ref>Petersen, William John. ''Iowa History Reference Guide''. </ref> | | *''Iowa History Reference Guide'' <ref>Petersen, William John. ''Iowa History Reference Guide''. </ref> |
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| *''Iowa History and Culture: A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986.'' <ref>Dawson, Patricia and David Hudson. ''Iowa History and Culture: A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986.'' </ref>(Cited fully in the "For Further Reading" section of this article.) | | *''Iowa History and Culture: A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986.'' <ref>Dawson, Patricia and David Hudson. ''Iowa History and Culture: A Bibliography of Materials Published Between 1952 and 1986.'' </ref>(Cited fully in the "For Further Reading" section of this article.) |
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| | There were relatively few African Americans in Iowa before the Civil War. For a list of books and articles about slavery in early Iowa, see pages 5–6 of: |
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| | *''Iowa in the Civil War: A Reference Guide.'' <ref>Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa, 197- Robertson , James J. Jr. ''Iowa in the Civil War: A Reference Guide.'' Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa, 197- (Family History Library {{FHL|188275|title-id|disp=book 977.7 A1 no. 40; fiche 6049713}}) </ref> |
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| | For books about ethnic groups, see the Locality Search of the [[FamilySearch Catalog Title Search|FamilySearch Catalog]] under: |
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| | ::*IOWA - MINORITIES |
| | ::*IOWA, [COUNTY], [TOWN]- MINORITIES |
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| == References == | | == References == |
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| <references /> | | <references /> |
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| [[Category:Iowa, United States]] [[Category:United States Cultural Groups]] | | [[Category:Iowa|Minorities]] |
| [[Category:Iowa Cultural Groups]]
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