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''[[United States|United States ]] >  [[United States Migration Internal|Migration ]] >  [[US Migration Trails and Roads|Trails and Roads ]] >  [[Old Spanish Trail|Old Spanish Trail]]''
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[[Image:Old Spanish Trail map.png|right|400px]]  


=== Historical Background  ===
=== Historical Background  ===


The Old Spanish Trail was an overland pack-train trade route rather than a pioneer migration trail between Santa Fe, [[New Mexico Genealogy|New Mexico]] and Los Angeles [[California, United States Genealogy|California]] from 1829 to the mid-1850s. Portions of the trail were explored as early as 1776 but left mostly unused. In 1829-1830 the Santa Fe merchant-explorer Anotoni Armijo combined information from several previous explorations and led a group of 60 men and 100 pack animals from Santa Fe to Los Angeles. Indian goods like woolen blankets and basketry were traded for California horses and mules which could be sold in Santa Fe, or (via the [[Santa Fe Trail|Santa Fe Trail]]) in [[Missouri, United States Genealogy|Missouri]]. Later in the history of the trail an extensive Indian slave trade developed which had a significant impact on Indian tribes along the route.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Old Spanish Trail (trade route)" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)(accessed 21 July 2009), and Lifetime Legacies Productions and San Luis Valley Museum Association, ''History of the Old Spanish Trail'' at http://museumtrail.org/OldSpanishTrail.asp (accessed 29 July 2009).</ref>  
[[Image:Old Spanish Trail map.png|right|400px]]The Old Spanish Trail was an overland pack-train trade route more than a pioneer migration trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico and Los Angeles California from 1829 to the mid-1850s. Portions of the trail were explored as early as 1776 but left mostly unused. In 1829-1830 the Santa Fe merchant-explorer Anotoni Armijo combined information from several previous explorations and led a group of 60 men and 100 pack animals from Santa Fe to Los Angeles. Indian goods like blankets were traded for California horses. Later in the history of the trail an extensive Indian slave trade developed which had a significant impact on Indian tribes along the route.<ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Old Spanish Trail (trade route)" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)(accessed 21 July 2009).</ref>  


Part of the reason the Old Spanish Trail was used was because it linked via the [[Santa Fe Trail|Santa Fe Trail]] to [[Missouri, United States Genealogy|Missouri]] and the [[United States Genealogy|United States]], and via the the [[Camino Real de Tierra Adentro|Camino Real]] to [[Chihuahua Trail|Chihuahua]] and Mexico City in [[Mexico Genealogy|Mexico]]. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro (accessed 19 July 2009).</ref>  
Part of the reason the Old Spanish Trail was used was because it linked via the Santa Fe Trail to the [[United States|United States]], and via the the [[Camino Real de Tierra Adentro|Camino Real]] to Chihuahua and Mexico City. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro" in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'' at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro (accessed 19 July 2009).</ref>  


=== Route  ===
=== Route  ===


There were very few European settlements on this rugged route between Santa Fe and Los Angels except near each end of the trail. The Old Spanish Trail had several additional branches which are not shown in the nearby map.  
There were very few European settlements on this rugged route between Santa Fe and Los Angels except near each end of the trail.  


=== Settlers  ===
=== Settlers  ===


The opening of easier wagon-friendly routes to the north (Pony Express or Overland Trail) and south (Butterfield Overland Mail) resulted in few Europeans settling along this difficult pack-animal route.<ref>Elizabeth von Till Warren, "The Old Spanish National Historic Trail" in ''Old Spanish Trail Association'' at http://www.oldspanishtrail.org/trail_history.php (accessed 29 July 2009).</ref> However, because of the slave trade along trail the Indian tribes were cautious, hostile, and themselves engaged in slave trading and raids.
Europeans did not tend to settle along this trade route in communities. However, because of the slave trade along trail the Indian tribes were cautious, hostile, and themselves engaged in slave trading and raids.  
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Many of the settlers along the trail in present-day southern Utah, Nevada, and California arrived via the [[Mormon Trail]] and the [[Mormon Trail to Southern California]] which overlapped the Old Spanish Trail from about Cedar City, Utah to Los Angeles California.  


=== External Sites  ===
=== External Sites  ===


*Lifetime Legacies Productions and San Luis Valley Museum Association, ''[http://museumtrail.org/OldSpanishTrail.asp History of the Old Spanish Trail]''
*[http://www.nps.gov/safe/ National Park Service, Santa Fe Trail]&nbsp;History, stories, and map
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route) Old Spanish Trail (trade route) - Wikipedia] history, route description, register of historic places
*NPS [http://www.nps.gov/PWR/customcf/apps/maps/mini-band.gif Santa Fe National Historic Trail Map] fairly detailed map with historical notes
*[http://www.oldspanishtrail.org/index.php Old Spanish Trail Association] history, maps, books, merchandise
*[http://www.santafetrailresearch.com/ Santa Fe Trail Research] describes trail projects and research articles
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Hunt Jefferson Hunt] in Wikipedia has a history of a discharged soldier who was one of the first to use part of the Old Spanish Trail to travel between Los Angeles and Salt Lake City


=== Sources  ===
=== Sources  ===
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{{Arizona|Arizona}}{{California|California}}{{Colorado|Colorado}}{{Nevada|Nevada}}{{New Mexico|New Mexico}}{{Utah|Utah}}
[[Category:Migration_Routes|Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads|US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:New_Mexico|New_Mexico]] [[Category:Colorado|Colorado]] [[Category:Kansas|Kansas]] [[Category:Oklahoma|Oklahoma]] [[Category:Texas|Texas]] [[Category:Missouri|Missouri]]
 
[[Category:Migration_Routes]] [[Category:US_Migration_Trails_and_Roads]] [[Category:New Mexico Migration Routes]] [[Category:Colorado Migration Routes]] [[Category:Arizona Migration Routes]] [[Category:Utah Migration Routes]] [[Category:Nevada Migration Routes]] [[Category:California Migration Routes]]

Revision as of 13:17, 29 July 2009

United States  >  Migration  >  Trails and Roads  >  Old Spanish Trail

Historical Background[edit | edit source]

Old Spanish Trail map.png

The Old Spanish Trail was an overland pack-train trade route more than a pioneer migration trail between Santa Fe, New Mexico and Los Angeles California from 1829 to the mid-1850s. Portions of the trail were explored as early as 1776 but left mostly unused. In 1829-1830 the Santa Fe merchant-explorer Anotoni Armijo combined information from several previous explorations and led a group of 60 men and 100 pack animals from Santa Fe to Los Angeles. Indian goods like blankets were traded for California horses. Later in the history of the trail an extensive Indian slave trade developed which had a significant impact on Indian tribes along the route.[1]

Part of the reason the Old Spanish Trail was used was because it linked via the Santa Fe Trail to the United States, and via the the Camino Real to Chihuahua and Mexico City. [2]

Route[edit | edit source]

There were very few European settlements on this rugged route between Santa Fe and Los Angels except near each end of the trail.

Settlers[edit | edit source]

Europeans did not tend to settle along this trade route in communities. However, because of the slave trade along trail the Indian tribes were cautious, hostile, and themselves engaged in slave trading and raids.

External Sites[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "Old Spanish Trail (trade route)" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Spanish_Trail_(trade_route)(accessed 21 July 2009).
  2. ↑ Wikipedia contributors, "El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro" in Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro (accessed 19 July 2009).



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