Russian Genealogical Word List: Difference between revisions

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This list contains Russian word with their English translations. The words included here are those that you are likely to find in genealogical sources. If the word (or some form of it) that you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary. A version of the [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/8/86/Russian_Word_List.pdf Russian Genealogical Word List in PDF] is also available. 
 
To best make use of the genealogical word list, please read [[Russia Languages]],
 
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. Who—Whose—whom, or marry—marries—married are examples of words in English with variant forms. This word list gives only the basic forms of each Russian word, which usually also means the masculine. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all word vary with usage, including names of people and places. It is important to recognize when a name is written in a different form and to not misinterpret it as another name.
 
===Alphabetical Order===
 
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пп Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
 
No words begin with the hard sign (Ъъ) or the soft sign (Ьь), and very few with the letters Ёё, Йй, Щщ, or Ыы.
 
Prior to 1918, when the current Russian spelling reforms were instituted, the alphabet included letters no longer used. These were updated and changed. These letters include:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|з
|Changed to (in certain positions)
|c
|-
|i
|Changed to
|и
|-
|ъ
|No longer used at the end of masculine words
|
|-
|ѣ
|Changed to
|e
|-
|θ
|Changed to
|ф
|-
|v
|Changed to
|и
|}
 
===Transliteration Aid===
 
Transliteration is a conversion of text from one script to another. For example, the Russian word бракосочетание in Cyrillic script would be transliterated to “brakosochetanie” the English Romanized script. 
 
бракосочетание --> brakosochetanie
 
There are different transliteration systems for the same language, so not all transliterations will be the same. Here is an automatic online transliterator that is very helpful.
 
[http://stevemorse.org/russian/rus2eng.html Transliterating Russian to English in One Step], online automatic transliterator by Steve Morse.
 
Transliteration allows us to pronounce and recognize words in scripts we are not familiar with. It can also help us turn a place name on an English document into a real Russian place name, as you can also transliterate from English to Russian.
 
===Other Word Lists===
*[[Media:Russian Word List.pdf|FamilySearch Library Word List]]
*[http://www.doukhobor.org/names.html#Terms Doukhobor Genealogy] (under "Russian Terms." These are all transliterated and there is no Cyrillic)
*[https://www.lexiconbridge.com/ Cornell Lexicon Bridge] (a resource from Cornell University)
 
===Online Dictionaries===
 
*[http://gramota.ru/slovari/info/ Gramota] (online Russian dictionary in Russian)
*[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-russian/ Cambridge English-Russian Dictionary]
*[https://www.dict.com/russian-english Dict.com Russian-English Dictionary]
*[https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0 Викисловар (Russian Wiktionary)] this website is in Russian, but provides information regarding declension. Type a Russian word in the search box in the right hand corner (искать в Викисловаре) and press enter. Even if the word entered is declined (has a grammatical case ending), Wiktionary will redirect you to the original word (nominative case). A typical entry defines the word (if you are using Google Chrome, right click to translate the page to English to learn the definition of the word), as well as meanings, synonyms and often pronunciation. On the right hand side, you will find a table with the word declined in all cases. A translation of the table is included below. Using this table will allow you to easily determine which case your word is in.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Translation of Declension Table from Викисловарь
!падеж (case)
!ед. ч. (singular)
!мн. ч (plural)
|-
|Им.(nominative)
|
|
|-
|Р. (genitive)
|
|
|-
|Д. (dative)
|
|
|-
|В. (accusative)
|
|
|-
|Тв. (instrumental)
|
|
|-
|Пр. (prepositional)
|
|
|}


=== Variant forms of words ===
Back to [[Russia|Russia]]►
In Russian, the endings of most words vary according to gender, number, and usage in a sentence. ''Who—Whose—whom,'' or ''marry—marries—married'' are examples of words in English with variant forms. Many sources (word lists, dictionaries, etc.) give only the basic, or nominative and masculine form. As you read Russian records, be aware that almost all words vary with usage.


==== Gender ====
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="250" align="left"
Russian words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as '''masculine''', '''feminine''', or '''neuter'''. For example, брат (brother) is a masculine word, дочь (daughter) is a feminine word, and свидетельство (certificate) is a neuter word.
 
Words that describe persons, places or things (adjectives) will have either masculine, feminine, or neuter endings depending on what noun they are describing. For example, in Russian you would write старый брат (old brother), старая сестра (old sister), and старое свидетельство (old certificate). In dictionaries and in the “Russian Genealogical Word List” generally only the '''masculine''' form is given.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!masculine
!feminine
!neuter
!found in word list as
|-
|-
|старый
| __TOC__
|старая
|старое
|старый (old)
|-
|глухой
|глухая
| -
|глухой (deaf)
|}
|}


==== Plurals ====
The Russian Genealogical Word List contains Russian words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Russian ancestors. If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary.  
Plural forms of Russian words usually end in ы, и, а, or я. They are usually only found in the singular in dictionaries or in the word list.  
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!singular
!plural
!translation
|-
|отец
|отцы
|father/fathers
|-
|муж
|мужья
|husband/husbands
|-
|жена
|жены
|wife/wives
|-
|книга
|книги
|book/books
|-
|место
|местa
|place/places
|}


==== Noun declensions ====
=== Alphabetical Order  ===
The endings of Russian words can also vary depending on the grammatical uses of the words. Russian grammar requires specific endings (called “cases”) on nouns used in the possessive, as the object of a verb, and with a preposition, among others.


Adjectives also must match the nouns they modify in gender, quantity, and grammatical form (case). Russian nouns fall into several classes, each with its own set of grammatical endings. Many dictionaries have grammatical sections which show complete noun and adjective endings.
Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Noun
!Use
!Translation
|-
|город
 
города
 
городе
|'''город'''
 
мер '''города'''
 
Я жул в '''городе'''
|City
 
Mayor of the city
 
I lived in the city
|-
|сын
 
сына
 
сыну
 
сыном
|'''сын'''
 
я крестил '''сына'''
 
я дал '''сыну'''
 
я ушёл с '''сыном'''
|Son
 
I christened the son
 
I gave to the son
 
I left with the son
|-
|жена
 
жены
 
жену
 
жене
 
женой
 
жене
|'''жена'''
 
дом '''жены'''
 
я видел '''жену'''
 
я дал '''жене'''
 
я ушёл ц '''женой'''
 
я думал о '''жене'''
|Wife
 
Home of the wife
 
I saw the wife
 
I gave to the wife
 
I left with the wife
 
I thought about the wife
|}
The changing of word endings is called “declension” and there are six different cases in Russian.
 
==== Given names ====
An important note is that it is essential to recognize when a name is written in a different form, and to avoid misinterpreting it as another name. For example, “the child of Ivan” would be “ребенок ивана.” That only means that “иван” is in a different case. It does NOT mean that is a feminine form of the name, that his name is different, that he has variant names, or that “ивана” is a different person than “иван.”
 
==== Verbs ====
Words that show action (verbs) also vary depending on who and how many are doing the action and whether the action is past, present, or future. The variation for verbs is called “conjugation.” For example, the Russian word жить (to live) will appear with various endings. Note that most but not all verbs follow this pattern:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Russian conjugation
!English conjugation
|-
|я '''живу'''
|I live
|-
|ты '''живёшь'''
|you live (informal)
|-
|он/она/кто '''живёт'''
|he/she/who lives
|-
|мы '''живём'''
|we live
|-
|вы '''живёте'''
|you live (formal)
|-
|они '''живут'''
|they live
|-
|она '''жил'''
|he lived
|-
|она '''жила'''
|she lived
|-
|они '''жили'''
|they lived
|}
 
===Names and Places===
For words not typically found in dictionaries (place names and given/family names) try using the following resources:
 
'''Places:'''
 
[https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9 List of Gubernia in the Russian Empire]
 
[[Russia Gazetteers]]
 
[http://www.google.com Google]
 
'''Russian Names:'''
 
*[https://gufo.me/dict/surnames_ru Словарь русских фамилий (Dictionary of Russian Surnames)]
 
*[https://pomnirod.ru/assets/files/knigi/slovar-russ_imen_petrovski_1966.pdf Словарь Русских Личных Имен (Dictionary of Russian Given Names)]
 
*[https://azbyka.ru/deti/slovar-spravochnik-russkikh-lichnykh-imen-ilya-melnikov Словарь-справочник русских личных имен (Dictionary/Handbook of Russian Given Names)]
 
*[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdid=book-aF5NAAAAcAAJ&rdot=1 French, German and Russian Name Dictionary]
 
'''Polish Names Written in Russian:'''
 
Use these resources to help you find the proper spelling of a Polish name. [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into Polish.
 
*[http://herby.com.pl/ Slownik Nazwisk (Dictionary of Surnames)] to learn how to use this website, see the instructions [https://jri-poland.org/slownik.htm here].
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Polish Given Names with Dimunitives and English Equivalents]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_male_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Polish_given_names Male Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:Polish_female_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 1]
 
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Polish_feminine_given_names Female Polish Names Wiktionary 2]
 
'''German Names Written in Russian:'''
 
[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/img_auth.php/7/75/Russian_Alphabet_Key.pdf This handout] will help you transliterate from Russian into German.
 
*[https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf SGGEE handout], see page 7
*[https://volga.domains.unf.edu/surnames Germans from Russia Surnames (particularly the Volga Region)]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Category:German_male_given_names Male German Names Wiktionary]
*[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_given_names#List_of_female_given_names Female German Names Wiktionary]
*[http://www.namenforschung.net/en/dfd/dictionary/list/ Digital Dictionary of Surnames in Germany]
 
===Months of the Year===
For months of the year in Cyrillic handwriting, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Images/months_script.jpg SGGEE handout, '''"Examples of how the months are handwritten"''']
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Russian (nominative)!!Russian (Genitive)!!English
|-
|январь, Iенварь||января||January
|-
|февраль||февраля||February
|-
|март||марта||March
|-
|апрель||апреля||April
|-
|май||мая||May
|-
|июнь||июня||June
|-
|июль||июля||July
|-
|август||августа||August
|-
|сентябрь||сентября||September
|-
|октябрь||октября||October
|-
|ноябрь||ноября||November
|-
|декабрь||декабря||December
|}
 
===Cardinal Numbers===
For numbers in cursive, see [https://www.sggee.org/research/rus_translate/Cyrillic_Handouts.pdf '''SGGEE Cyrillic Handouts.pdf.''']
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|-
|один
|one
|-
|два
|two
|-
|три
|three
|-
|четыре
|four
|-
|пять
|five
|-
|шесть
|six
|-
|семь
|seven
|-
|восемь
|eight
|-
|девять
|nine
|-
|десять
|ten
|-
|одиннадцать
|eleven
|-
|двенадцать
|twelve
|-
|тринадцать
|thirteen
|-
|четырнадцать
|fourteen
|-
|пятнадцать
|fifteen
|-
|шестнадцать
|sixteen
|-
|семнадцать
|seventeen
|-
|восемнадцать
|eighteen
|-
|девятнадцать
|nineteen
|-
|двадцать
|twenty
|-
|тридцать
|thirty
|-
|сорок
|forty
|-
|пятьдесят
|fifty
|-
|шестьдесят
|sixty
|-
|семьдесят
|seventy
|-
|восемьдесят
|eighty
|-
|девяносто
|ninety
|-
|сто
|one hundred
|-
|двести
|two hundred
|-
|триста
|three hundred
|-
|четыреста
|four hundred
|-
|пятьсот
|five hundred
|-
|шестьсот
|six hundred
|-
|семьсот
|seven hundred
|-
|восемьсот
|eight hundred
|-
|девятьсот
|nine hundred
|-
|тысяча
|one thousand
|-
|миллион
|one million
|}


===Ordinal Numbers===


{| width="70%" border="1"
== General Word List  ==
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| width="25%" |'''English'''
|-
|первый
|first
|-
|второй
|second
|-
|третий
|third
|-
|четвёртый
|fourth
|-
|пятый
|fifth
|-
|шестой
|sixth
|-
|седьмой
|seventh
|-
|восьмой
|eighth
|-
|девятый
|ninth
|-
|десятый
|tenth
|-
|одиннадцатый
|eleventh
|-
|двенадцатый
|twelfth
|-
|тринадцатый
|thirteenth
|-
|четырнадцатый
|fourteenth
|-
|пятнадцатый
|fifteenth
|-
|шестнадцатый
|sixteenth
|-
|семнадцатый
|seventeenth
|-
|восемнадцатый
|eighteenth
|-
|девятнадцатый
|nineteenth
|-
|двадцатый
|twentieth
|-
|двадцать первый
|twenty first
|-
|тридцатый
|thirtieth
|-
|тридцать первый
|thirty first
|}


==General Word List==
This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.&nbsp; Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in the separate sections prior to this list.


This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources. Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed.  
In this list, optional versions of Polish words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses.&nbsp; Some Polish phrases and their translations are listed [in brackets] under the most significant Polish word, not the first word, of the phrase.&nbsp; Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition.  


{| class="plain FCK__ShowTableBorders"
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{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="5" width="80%" align="center"
 
<br>
 
===A===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|август<br>
|August<br>
|-
|адвокат<br>
|lawyer<br>
|-
|-
|администратор<br>
| align="center" | '''Click&nbsp;the&nbsp;letter&nbsp;below&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;words&nbsp;starting&nbsp;with&nbsp;that&nbsp;letter.'''
|administrator<br>
|-
|акт<br>
|document, record, certificate<br>
|-
|акты гражданского состояния<br>
|vital statistics<br>
|-
|акушерка<br>
|midwife<br>
|-
|алфавитный список<br>
|alphabetical list or index<br>
|-
|апоплексия
|apoplexy
|-
|апрель<br>
|April<br>
|-
|арендатор<br>
|tenant, leaseholder<br>
|-
|армия<br>
|army<br>
|-
|артиллерист<br>
|artilleryman<br>
|-
|архив<br>
|archive<br>
|-
|архивист, архивариус<br>
|archivist<br>
|}
|}


<br>
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=yes|side=yes|v=|y=}}&nbsp;
 
===Б===


{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''Transliteration/English'''
|-
|бакалейщик<br>
|Grocer<br>
|-
|барышник<br>
|horse dealer<br>
|-
|батрак<br>
|farm hand, hired hand<br>
|-
|башмачник<br>
|shoemaker<br>
|-
|бедность<br>
|poverty<br>
|-
|бедный<br>
|poor<br>
|-
|бедняк<br>
|pauper<br>
|-
|беженец
|refugee
|-
|безземельный<br>
|landless<br>
|-
|белое духовенство
|clergy who have not taken a monastic vow (allowed to have a wife and children)
|-
|Благороднй<br>
|
noble<br>
|-
|благородство<br>
|
nobility<br>
|-
|близнец<br>
|twin<br>
|-
|близнецы<br>
|twins<br>
|-
|бобыль<br>
|
poor landless peasant<br>
|-
|богадельня<br>
|poor house<br>
|-
|болезнь<br>
|illness, disease<br>
|-
|болезнь лёгких<br>
|lung disease, lung illness<br>
|-
|болница<br>
|hospital<br>
|-
|болной<br>
|sick<br>
|-
|боль
|illness, sickness, pain
|-
|бондарь, бочар<br>
|cooper<br>
|-
|боярин<br>
|boyar (m.) pre-1700 aristocrat<br>
|-
|боярство<br>
|the boyars<br>
|-
|боярыня<br>
|boyar, nobleman's wife<br>
|-
|брак, бракосочетанние <br>
|brak, brakosochetannie<br>marriage<br>
|-
|браконьер<br>
|poacher<br>
|-
|бракосочетание<br>
|marriage<br>
|-
|брат
|brother
|-
|брачный обыски
|pre-marital search of records, proving bride and groom are not related
|-
|брачный
|marital (adj.) conjugal
|-
|бременная
|pregnant
|-
|бродяга
|vagabond
|-
|бронхит; бронхитис
|bronchitis
|-
|булочник
|baker
|-
|бухгалтер
|bookkeeper
|-
|бывший
|former
|-
|быть
|to be
|-
|бюргер
|burgher
|}
|}


<br>
=== A  ===
 
===В===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|''' English'''
|-
|в
|in, on, at
|-
|в час
|at one o'clock
|-
|вдова
|widow
|-
|вдовец
|widower
|-
|ведомость
|register, record, list
|-
|венчание
|wedding ceremony
|-
|веред
|boils
|-
|-
|верность
| width="25%" | '''Polish'''
|accuracy, correctness, truth
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|вероисповедание
| aby
|religion, faith, creed
| so that
|-
|-
|весна
| adoptowany
|spring
| adopted
|-
|-
|весной
| akatolicki
|in the spring
| non-Catholic
|-
|-
|весь
| akta małżenstw,<br>akta ślubów
|all, whole, everything
| marriage records
|-
|-
|ветеринар
| akta urodzin
|veterinarian
| birth records
|-
|-
|ветрянкя
| akta zapowiedzi
|chicken pox
| banns records
|-
|-
|ветрянкя опаса
| akta zejść
|chicken pox
| death records
|-
|-
|вечер
| akta zgonów
|evening
| death records
|-
|-
|вечера
| akuszerka
|in the evening
| midwife
|-
|-
|вечером
| albo
|in the evening
| or
|-
|-
|взрослый
| ale
|adult
| but
|-
|-
|владелец
| aptekarz
|bearer, owner, propietor
| dispensing chemist, pharmacist
|-
|-
|властный
| archiwum
|authoritative
| archive
|-
|-
|внебрачный ребёнок
| arendarz
|illegitimate child
| lease-holder, innkeeper
|-
|-
|внук
| artysta
|grandson
| artist
|-
|-
|внучка
| asystencya
|granddaughter
| assistance
|-
|-
|водянка
| austriacki
|dropsy
| Austrian
|-
|водянка в голове
|dropsy of the head (likely Hydrocephalus)
|-
|военная служба
|military service
|-
|военные документы
|military records
|-
|военный
|military, soldier
|-
|возраст
|age
|-
|возчик
|coachman, carter
|-
|воинский
|military
|-
|война
|war
|-
|волость
|smaller, district, volost' (adm. unit)
|-
|волосы
|hair
|-
|восемнадцатый
|eighteenth
|-
|восемнадцать
|eighteen
|-
|восемьдесят
|eighty
|-
|восемьсот
|eight hundred
|-
|воскресенье
|Sunday
|-
|воспаление
|inflammation
|-
|воспаление кишок
|inflammation of the intestines
|-
|воспаление легких
|inflammation of the lungs
|-
|воспаление мозгова
|inflammation of the brain
|-
|восприемник
|godparent
|-
|восприемница
|godmother
|-
|восприемники
|godparents
|-
|восток
|east
|-
|восточный
|eastern
|-
|восьмидесятый
|eightieth
|-
|восьмисотый
|eight hundredth
|-
|восьмой
|eighth
|-
|время
|time
|-
|всё
|all, everyone, every
|-
|вся
|all, everyone, every
|-
|вступить в брак
|to get married (to enter marriage)
|-
|вступление в брак
|marriage (entering marriage, often used in giving the marriage date)
|-
|вступить на службу
|to go into the service
|-
|вторник
|Tuesday
|-
|второй
|second
|-
|вчера
|yesterday
|-
|вчерашний
|yesterday (adj)
|-
|выдать
|to issue
|-
|выкидыщ
|miscarriage
|-
|выписка
|extract, (record)
|-
|выслать
|to be send
|-
|высокий
|tall
|-
|выходить замуж
|to marry, to be married (fem)
|-
|вышесказанное
|the above mentioned
|}
|}


===Г===
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}&nbsp;


{| width="70%" border="1"
=== B  ===
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|г.
|abbreviation for город (city)
|-
|гвардец
|guardsmen
|-
|гвардуия
|guards
|-
|где
|where
|-
|генварь
|general
|-
|генеалогия<br>
|genealogy<br>
|-
|герб
|coat of arms
|-
|герой
|hero
|-
|глаз
|eye
|-
|глухой
|blind
|-
|год
|year
|-
|голод
|hunger, starvation
|-
|гончар
|potter
|-
|горничная
|house maid, chambermaid
|-
|горнорабочий
|miner
|-
|горняк
|miner
|-
|город
|city
|-
|горячка
|fever; burning ague
|-
|госпиталь<br>
|hospital<br>
|-
|господни<br>
|gentleman, Mr.<br>
|-
|госпожа<br>
|lady, Mrs.<br>
|-
|государственный<br>
|government<br>
|-
|государственный архив<br>
|government archive<br>
|-
|гражданин<br>
|citizen (male)<br>
|-
|гражданка<br>
|citizen (female)<br>
|-
|гражданский, гражданство<br>
|citizenship (adj.), citizenship (noun)<br>
|-
|грамота<br>
|literacy<br>
|-
|грамотный<br>
|literate<br>
|-
|гренадер<br>
|grenadier<br>
|-
|губерния, губ.<br>
|province, guberniya (adm. unit)<br>
|-
|гусар<br>
|hussar, light cavalryman<br>
|}
 
<br>
 
===Д===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|дано<br>
|was given<br>
|-
|дать<br>
|to give<br>
|-
|-
|два<br>
| width="25%" | '''Polish'''
|two (masc., neut.)
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|двадцатый<br>
| babka
|twentieth<br>
| grandmother&nbsp;
|-
|-
|двадцать<br>
| bakalarz
|twenty<br>
| teacher, bachelor
|-
|-
|две<br>
| bałtycki
|two (fem.)<br>
| Baltic
|-
|-
|двенадцатый<br>
| bankier
|twelfth<br>
| banker
|-
|-
|двенадцать<br>
| będą
|twelve<br>
| they will
|-
|-
|двести<br>
| będzie
|two hundred<br>
| he/she/it will
|-
|-
|движимость<br>
| belfer
|movable property<br>
| assistant melamed (teacher) in a Cheder (Hebrew elementary school)
|-
|-
|двойни<br>
| bez
|twins<br>
| without
|-
|-
|двойня<br>
| bezdzietny
|twin<br>
| childless
|-
|-
|дворянин<br>
| bezimienny
|nobleman
| unnamed, nameless
|-
|-
|дворянка<br>
| białoruski
|noblewoman
| Belorussian
|-
|-
|дворянский род<br>
| biały
|noble line, noble family
| white
|-
|-
|дворянство<br>
| biegunka
|nobility
| diarrhea, dysentery
|-
|-
|двоюродная сестра<br>
| bierzmowanie
|female cousin
| confirmation
|-
|-
|двоюродная брат<br>
| bieżący<br>roku biezacego
|male cousin
| current<br>of the current year
|-
|-
|двухсотый<br>
| biskup
|two hundredth
| bishop&nbsp;
|-
|-
|дева<br>
| blacharz
|maiden
| plumber, tinker, or tinsmith
|-
|-
|деверь<br>
| bliski
|brother in law, husband's brother
| near
|-
|-
|девица<br>
| bliżnięta
|maiden, unmarried woman
| twins
|-
|-
|Девичья фамилия<br>
| błogosławil
|maiden name
| blessed
|-
|-
|Девочка<br>
| błogosławiony
|little girl
| blessed, the late
|-
|-
|девушка<br>
| bo
|girl, maiden
| because
|-
|-
|девяносто<br>
| Bóg
|ninety
| the Lord
|-
|-
|девяностый<br>
| bólu
|ninetieth
| of pain
|-
|-
|девятисотый<br>
| bożnica
|nine hundredth
| synagogue
|-
|-
|девятнадцатый<br>
| Boży
|nineteenth
| the Lord's
|-
|-
|девятнадцать<br>
| bracia
|nineteen
| brothers
|-
|-
|девятый<br>
| brak
|ninth
| lack of, is missing
|-
|-
|девять<br>
| brat
|nine
| brother
|-
|-
|девятьсот<br>
| bratanek
|nine hundred
| nephew
|-
|-
|дед<br>
| bratanica
|grandfather
| niece
|-
|-
|дедушка<br>
| bratowa
|grandfather
| sister-in-law
|-
|-
|декабрь<br>
| browarnik
|December
| brewer
|-
|-
|дело<br>
| brukarz
|file, business, matter
| paver
|-
|-
|день<br>
| brzemienna
|day
| pregnant
|-
|-
|день рождения<br>
| bufetowy
|birthday
| bartender
|-
|-
|дер.
| burmistrz
|village (abbreviation of деревня)
| mayor
|-
|-
|деревня<br>
| być
|village
| to be
|-
|-
|десятый<br>
| był (byłi)
|tenth
| was (were)
|-
|десять<br>
|ten
|-
|дети, детей<br>
|children, children (accusative/genitive)
|-
|детство<br>
|childhood
|-
|дифтерии
|diphtheria
|-
|дисентерия,
 
 
дизентерия<br>
|dysentery
|-
|дитя<br>
|child
|-
|днём<br>
|during the day, in the afternoon
|-
|до<br>
|until, up to, before
|-
|договор<br>
|agreement
|-
|документ<br>
|document
|-
|дом<br>
|house, home, building
|-
|домохозяйка
|housewife
|-
|донести<br>
|to inform
|-
|достигать совершеннолетия<br>
|to com of age, attain one's majority
|-
|дочь<br>
|daughter
|-
|Доярка<br>
|milkmaid
|-
|дровокол<br>
|woodcutter
|-
|дровосек<br>
|woodcutter
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|decrepitude
|-
|дряхлость<br>
|decrepit
|-
|дьякон, диакон
|deacon
|-
|дубильщик<br>
|tanner
|-
|духовенство
|clergy
|-
|духовная консистория<br>
|diocese, consistory
|-
|душевнобольной<br>
|mentally ill
|-
|дыхавиц
|breathing
|-
|дядя<br>
|uncle
|}
|}


<br>
{{CompactTOC8|name=Words starting with|center=no|side=yes|y=}}&nbsp;


===Е===
=== &nbsp;C  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| border="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Еврейские
|"Yevreyskie" or Jewish
|-
|Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть
|"Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast'" or Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|-
|его
|him, his
|-
|-
|её
| width="25%" | '''Polish'''
|her
| '''English'''
|-
|-
|евангелический<br>
| cały
|Protestant<br>
| entire
|-
|-
|еврей<br>
| ceglarz
|Jew (m.)<br>
| brick maker
|-
|-
|еврейка<br>
| cesarski
|Jew (f.)<br>
| imperial
|-
|-
|единокровная сестра<br>
| cesarstwo
|half sister<br>
| empire
|-
|-
|единокровниый брат<br>
| chałupnik,<br>chałupnikow
|half brother<br>
| cottager, poor peasant, serf, <br>of serfs
|-
|-
|епархия<br>
| chce
|diocese<br>
| he wants
|-
|-
|епископ<br>
| chłop
|bishop<br>
| peasant, country fellow
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ё===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| chłopiec
|'''English'''
| boy
|-
|-
|<br>
| choroba
|<br>
| disease
|}
 
<br>
 
===Ж===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| chrzczony
|'''English'''
| christened
|-
|-
|жар<br>
| chrzest
|Fever<br>
| christening
|-
|-
|железнодорожник<br>
| chrzestna, chrzestny
|railroad worker<br>
| godparent(s)
|-
|-
|желудочной боли
| chwilowo
|stomach pain/sickness
| temporarily
|-
|-
|желтуха<br>
| ciocia (ciotka)
|jaundice<br>
| aunt
|-
|-
|жена<br>
| cmentarz
|wife
| cemetery, churchyard
|-
|-
|женатый<br>
| co
|
| what
married man
 
|-
|-
|женитьба<br>
| córka
|marriage (about a man)<br>
| daughter
|-
|-
|жениться<br>
| cudzoziemski
|to marry (about a man)
| foreign
|-
|-
|женик<br>
| cukrzyca
|bridegroom, fiance
| diabetes
|-
|-
|женский<br>
| cyrkul
|female
| district (of a city), ward
|-
|-
|женщина
| cyrulnik
|woman
| barber-surgeon
|-
|-
|жестянщик<br>
| czarny
|tinsmith
| black
|-
|-
|живущий на пособии<br>
| czas
|welfare recipient
| time
|-
|-
|жилец<br>
| czasopismo
|resident, lodger, occupant
| magazine, periodical
|-
|-
|жилище<br>
| czasowo
|dwelling
| temporarily
|-
|-
|житель<br>
| czemu
|inhabitant, occupant
| why
|-
|-
|жительство<br>
| czerwca
|residence, dwelling
| of June
|-
|-
|жительствующий<br>
| czerwony
|residing
| red
|-
|-
|жить<br>
| część
|to live, to dwell, to reside
| part, portion
|}
 
<br>
 
===З===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| czeski
|'''English'''
| Czech
|-
|-
|заграничный<br>
| często
|foreign<br>
| often
|-
|-
|ЗАГС
| członek
|civil registration (abbreviation of записи актов гражданского состояния)
| member
|-
|-
|заключённый<br>
| czterdzieści
|(prisoner), concluded<br>
| forty
|-
|-
|заключить<br>
| czterdziesty
|to conclude, to perform<br>
| fortieth
|-
|-
|закон<br>
| czterechsetny
|law<br>
| four hundredth
|-
|-
|законная жена<br>
| czternaście
|lawful wife<br>
| fourteen
|-
|-
|законнорождённый<br>
| czternasty
|legitimately born<br>
| fourteenth
|-
|-
|законность<br>
| cztery
|legitimacy<br>
| four
|-
|-
|законный<br>
| czterysetny
|legal, legitimate, lawful<br>
| four hundredth
|-
|-
|замерзшый<br>
| czterysta
|frozen<br>
| four hundred
|-
|-
|замечание<br>
| czwartek
|remark<br>
| Thursday
|-
|-
|замужество<br>
| czwarty
|marriage (about a woman)<br>
| fourth
|-
|-
|замужняя<br>
| czy
|married (about a woman)<br>
| whether (introduces a question)
|-
|-
|занятие<br>
| czyli
|occupation<br>
| or
|-
|-
|запад<br>
| czynszownik
|west<br>
| renter
|-
|запасной рядовой
|reserve soldier, reserve private
|-
|запасный ветеринарный фельдшер
|emergency veterinarian
|-
|западный<br>
|western<br>
|-
|записи актов гражданского состояния
|records of acts of civil status, civil registration records, vital records
|-
|записи передвиженния<br>
|moving record<br>
|-
|запись<br>
|record(ing), registration<br>
|-
|звание
|occupation, rank
|-
|здешний<br>
|local<br>
|-
|землевладелец<br>
|landowner<br>
|-
|земледелец<br>
|peasant, farmer<br>
|-
|земледелие<br>
|agriculture<br>
|-
|земля<br>
|earth, land<br>
|-
|земляк<br>
|fellow-countyman<br>
|-
|землячка<br>
|fellow-country woman<br>
|-
|зима<br>
|winter<br>
|-
|золовка<br>
|sister-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|-
|зять<br>
|son-in-law, brother-in-law, (husband's sister)<br>
|}
|}


<br>
&lt;img class="FCK__MWTemplate" src="https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" _fckfakelement="true" _fckrealelement="0" _fck_mw_template="true"&gt;


===И===
=== D  ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="75%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|и<br>
|and<br>
|-
|и так далее (и т. д.)<br>
|etc., and so forth, miscellaneous<br>
|-
|из<br>
|from, out of<br>
|-
|издозчик<br>
|coachman<br>
|-
|изгнанник<br>
|exiled person<br>
|-
|или<br>
|or<br>
|-
|имение<br>
|estate<br>
|-
|именной указатель
|name register (like an index at the back of a book)
|-
|иметь, имеет<br>
|to have, has<br>
|-
|иммигрант<br>
|immigrant<br>
|-
|имущество<br>
|property<br>
|-
|имя, имена<br>
|name, names (given name)<br>
|-
|инженер<br>
|engineer<br>
|-
|-
|инфлюэнция, инфлюэнсия
| data <br>dawniej <br>dekanat <br>diecezja <br>difteria <br>dla&nbsp;<br>długi <br>dnia <br>doba <br>dobra <br>dobry <br>dodatek <br>dolina <br>dom <br>&nbsp; [z domu]&nbsp;<br>datąd&nbsp; <br>dowód <br>drobny <br>drugi <br>drugiego <br>drzewo genealogiczne&nbsp;<br>duży&nbsp; <br>dwa&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia dziewięć&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia cztery&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia dwa&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia jeden&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia osiem&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia&nbsp;pięć&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia siedem&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia&nbsp;sześć&nbsp;<br>dwadzieścia trzy&nbsp;<br>dwanaście&nbsp;<br>dwieście <br>dwóch imion&nbsp;<br>dwódziesty <br>dwór <br>dwudziesty <br>dwudziesty czwarty <br>dwudziesty drugi <br>dwudziesty ósmy <br>dwudziesty&nbsp;piąty <br>dwudziesty pierwszy <br>dwudziesty siódmy <br>dwudziesty szósty <br>dwudziesty trzeci <br>dwunasty <br>dwusetny (dwóchsetny) <br>dyarya <br>dziad (dziadek)&nbsp;<br>dział&nbsp;<br>dzieciątko&nbsp;<br>dziecię (dziecko) <br>dziedzic <br>dziedzictwo <br>dziedzieczenie&nbsp;<br>dzień&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>dziesiąty&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>dziesięć&nbsp;<br>dziewczę (dziewczyna)&nbsp;<br>dziewiąty<br>dziewię dziewiąty&nbsp;<br>dziewięć&nbsp;<br>dziewięćdziesiąt(y)&nbsp;<br>dziewięćset(ny)&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>dziewiętnaście&nbsp;<br>dziewiętnasty&nbsp;<br>dziś (dzisiaj) <br>dzisiejszy
|influenza
| date <br>formerly <br>deanery, division of a diocese <br>diocese <br>diphtheria <br>for <br>long <br>on the day <br>time period of 24 hours <br>estate <br>good <br>supplement, addition <br>valley <br>house <br>&nbsp; [maiden name, from the house of] <br>until now, still <br>proof <br>minor, small <br>second <br>on the second <br>family tree <br>great, big <br>two <br>twenty <br>twenty-nine <br>twenty-four <br>twenty-two <br>twenty-one <br>twenty-eight <br>twenty-five <br>twenty-seven <br>twenty-six <br>twenty-three <br>twelve <br>two hundred <br>having two given names <br>twentieth <br>estate <br>twentieth <br>twenty-fourth <br>twenty-second <br>twenty-eighth <br>twenty-fifth <br>twenty-first <br>twenty-seventh <br>twenty-sixth <br>twenty-third <br>twelfth <br>two hundredth <br>diarrhea <br>grandfather, old man, beggar <br>portion, share <br>infant <br>child <br>heir, country gentleman <br>heritage, inheritance <br>inheritance <br>day <br>tenth <br>ten <br>girl <br>ninth <br>twenty-ninth <br>nine <br>ninety (ninetieth) <br>nine hundred(th) <br>nineteen <br>nineteenth <br>today <br>today's
|-
|исповедные ведомости<br>
|confession lists<br>
|-
|иудей, иуд., иудейский
|Jew, Jewish
|-
|их<br>
|them, their<br>
|-
|июль<br>
|July<br>
|-
|июнь<br>
|June<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== E  ===
 
===Й===
No Russian words begin with Й. Only some foreign words.
 
<br>
 
===К===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|к/ко<br>
|to<br>
|-
|кто
|who
|-
|кем, кѣмъ
|by whom
|-
|какимъ
|(by) which
|-
|какое
|which, what
|-
|кабатчик<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|кавалерист<br>
|cavalryman<br>
|-
|казак<br>
|Cossack<br>
|-
|казаки
|Cossacks
|-
|казённая палата<br>
|provincial financial office<br>
|-
|казенный крестьянин
|state peasant
|-
|как видно<br>
|as is seen<br>
|-
|калека<br>
|cripple<br>
|-
|калесный мастер<br>
|wheelwright<br>
|-
|каменщик<br>
|mason, bricklayer<br>
|-
|канцлер<br>
|chancellor<br>
|-
|капитан<br>
|captain<br>
|-
|капрал<br>
|corporal<br>
|-
|Караимы
|Crimean Karaites
|-
|караул<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|католический<br>
|Catholic (adj.)<br>
|-
|кашель<br>
|cough<br>
|-
|квартира, кв.
|apartment, apt. (abbreviation)
|-
|кладбище<br>
|cemetery<br>
|-
|-
|книга<br>
| emigracja <br>ewangelicki
|book<br>
| emigration <br>Evangelical, Lutheran
|-
|коклюш
|whooping cough
|-
|колония<br>
|settlment, colony<br>
|-
|командирован на службу<br>
|ordered, commissioned to service<br>
|-
|конвульсии
|convulsions
|-
|кондуктор<br>
|conductor, guard<br>
|-
|кончина<br>
|demise, death<br>
|-
|конюх<br>
|groom, stableman<br>
|-
|коробейник<br>
|peddler<br>
|-
|корь<br>
|measles<br>
|-
|костёл<br>
|church (Catholic)<br>
|-
|который<br>
|which, that, who<br>
|-
|кочегар<br>
|stoker<br>
|-
|красильщик<br>
|dyer<br>
|-
|крвавка
|blood loss from a bleeding wound
|-
|крепостной<br>
|serf<br>
|-
|крепостний крестьянин
|serf
|-
|крестить<br>
|to christen, to baptize<br>
|-
|крестник<br>
|godson<br>
|-
|крестница<br>
|goddaughter<br>
|-
|крёстные родители<br>
|godparents<br>
|-
|крестьяне<br>
|peasants<br>
|-
|крестьянин<br>
|peasant (m.)<br>
|-
|крестьянин владеющий землей<br>
|landowning farmer<br>
|-
|крестьянин государственный
|state peasant
|-
|крестьянка<br>
|peasant (f.)<br>
|-
|крещение <br>
|baptism, christening<br>
|-
|круп
|croup
|-
|ксендз<br>
|priest (Catholic)<br>
|-
|кузнец<br>
|blacksmith<br>
|-
|купец<br>
|merchant<br>
|-
|купцы
|merchants
|-
|кухарка<br>
|cook<br>
|-
|кучер<br>
|coachman<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== F  ===
 
===Л===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|лакей<br>
|lackey, footman<br>
|-
|лейтенант<br>
|lietenant<br>
|-
|лесоруб<br>
|lumberjack<br>
|-
|лет<br>
|years, years old (age)<br>
|-
|лето<br>
|summer<br>
|-
|летом<br>
|in the summer<br>
|-
|лёгкое<br>
|lung, light (adj.)<br>
|-
|литейщик<br>
|foundry worker<br>
|-
|лихорадка<br>
|fever<br>
|-
|лицо<br>
|person, individual, face<br>
|-
|лично<br>
|personally<br>
|-
|лодочник<br>
|boatman<br>
|-
|лоцман<br>
|harbor pilot<br>
|-
|-
|лудильщик<br>
| familia <br>farbiarz <br>febra <br>felczer <br>folwark <br>fornal <br>fryzjer
|tinsmith<br>
| family <br>dyer <br>fever <br>medical assistant <br>manor farm <br>farm wagon driver <br>barber
|}
|}


<br>
=== G  ===
 
===М===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|май<br>
|May<br>
|-
|майор<br>
|major<br>
|-
|маленький<br>
|small, little,
|-
|малолетство
|underage, childhood
|-
|маляр<br>
|painter<br>
|-
|мама<br>
|mama<br>
|-
|март<br>
|March<br>
|-
|мастер<br>
|master, foreman<br>
|-
|матрос<br>
|seaman<br>
|-
|мать/матерь<br>
|mother<br>
|-
|мачеха<br>
|stepmother<br>
|-
|между<br>
|between<br>
|-
|медник<br>
|brazier, coppersmith<br>
|-
|-
|мельник<br>
| garbarz <br>gdy <br>gdzie <br>glisty <br>glówny <br>gmina <br>godny <br>godzina <br>golarz <br>góra <br>gorączka <br>górny <br>gorzelnia <br>gospodarz <br>granica <br>grecko-katolicki <br>gromada <br>grudnia <br>grunt <br>gubernia
|miller<br>
| tanner <br>when <br>where <br>intestinal worms <br>main <br>township, community <br>worthy <br>hour <br>barber <br>mountain, hill <br>fever <br>upper <br>distillery <br>farmer (self-sustaining) <br>border <br>Greek-Catholic, Uniate (Greek rite, but under a Roman Pope) <br>group, cluster, hamlet, community <br>of December <br>land, property <br>Russian province
|-
|мертворождённый<br>
|stillborn<br>
|-
|местечко
|small village or town; often referring to a shtetl (small Jewish village)
|-
|место<br>
|place<br>
|-
|месяц<br>
|month<br>
|-
|метрика<br>
|birth certificate<br>
|-
|метрическая книга
|metrical book (metrical record, vital record book, register of births, marriages, and deaths)
|-
|метрические книги
|metrical books (metrical records)
|-
|метрическое свидетельство
|birth certificate
|-
|меховщик
|furrier
|-
|мещанин
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (m.)
|-
|мещанка
|member of middle class (petty bourgeois, townspeople, artisans or traders) (f.)
|-
|младенец<br>
|child, infant (m.)<br>
|-
|младенца
|child, infant (f.)
|-
|младенчество
|infancy
|-
|могила
|grave
|-
|молодой<br>
|young<br>
|-
|моряк<br>
|seaman<br>
|-
|мусульманский<br>
|Islamic<br>
|-
|муж<br>
|husband<br>
|-
|мужик<br>
|peasant<br>
|-
|мужской<br>
|male<br>
|-
|мужчина<br>
|man<br>
|-
|мэр<br>
|mayor<br>
|-
|мясник<br>
|butcher<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== H  ===
 
===Н===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|на<br>
|in, on, at, to<br>
|-
|найдёныш<br>
|foundling<br>
|-
|наниматель<br>
|tenant, employer<br>
|-
|народ<br>
|people<br>
|-
|наследник<br>
|heir<br>
|-
|наследование<br>
|inheritance<br>
|-
|-
|настоящий<br>
| handlarz <br>herb <br>historia
|present (adj.) this, real, genuine<br>
| peddler, merchant <br>coat of arms <br>history
|-
|национальность
|nationality
|-
|начальник<br>
|head, chief, superior<br>
|-
|не<br>
|no, not<br>
|-
|нет<br>
|no<br>
|-
|невеста<br>
|bride, fiancee<br>
|-
|невестка<br>
|dauther-in-law, sister-in-law (brother's wife)<br>
|-
|неграмотный<br>
|illiterate<br>
|-
|недвижимость<br>
|immovable property<br>
|-
|неделя<br>
|week<br>
|-
|незаконнорождённый<br>
|illegitimately born<br>
|-
|немец<br>
|German (m.)<br>
|-
|нем., немецкий
|German (language)
|-
|немка<br>
|German (f.)<br>
|-
|немой<br>
|dumb<br>
|-
|немощный<br>
|infirm<br>
|-
|немощь<br>
|infirmity
|-
|неопределенная болезнь
|undetermined disease
|-
|неправильный<br>
|wrong, incorrect
|-
|несовершеннолетие<br>
|underage, minority
|-
|несчастья убитъ
|killed in an unfortunate accident
|-
|нижеподписавшийця<br>
|undersigned
|-
|нищий<br>
|beggar
|-
|новобранец<br>
|recruit
|-
|новобрачные<br>
|newlyweds
|-
|новорождённый<br>
|newborn
|-
|нос<br>
|nose
|-
|нотариус<br>
|notary
|-
|ночи, ночью<br>
|at night
|-
|ночь<br>
|night<br>
|-
|ноябрь<br>
|November<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== I  ===
 
===О===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| i <br>ich <br>imię (imiona) <br>imigracja <br>inaczej <br>inny <br>itd. <br>iż<br>izraelici
|'''English'''
| and <br>their <br>given name(s) <br>immigration <br>otherwise, alias <br>other <br>and so forth <br>that (know that he died) <br>Jews
|-
|o/об/обо
|about
|-
|оба<br>
|both<br>
|-
|область<br>
|province, region, oblast<br>
|-
|образование<br>
|education<br>
|-
|обручение<br>
|engagement, betrothal<br>
|-
|обряд<br>
|rite, ceremony<br>
|-
|обструкция, опструкция
|obstruction
|-
|общество<br>
|society, company, community<br>
|-
|объялять<br>
|to declare, state, announce<br>
|-
|обыватель
|commoner, inhabitant
|-
|обыски брачные<br>
|pre-marital search (see брачные обыски)<br>
|-
|оглашение<br>
|marriage bans, announcement<br>
|-
|оглашение имен вступающих в брак<br>
|publication of the names of those about to marry<br>
|-
|один<br>
|one (masc.)<br>
|-
|одиночка
|sole occupant of household
|-
|одна<br>
|one (fem.)<br>
|-
|одно<br>
|one (neuter)<br>
|-
|округ<br>
|okrug, district, territory, area<br>
|-
|октябрь<br>
|October<br>
|-
|он<br>
|he<br>
|-
|она<br>
|she<br>
|-
|оно<br>
|it<br>
|-
|ономедни
|the other day, a couple of days ago, the day before yesterday (or, these days, recently)
|-
|они<br>
|they<br>
|-
|опекун<br>
|guardian<br>
|-
|опись<br>
|list, inventory, series<br>
|-
|оплатить<br>
|to pay<br>
|-
|опструкция, обструкция
|obstruction
|-
|опухоль<br>
|tumor, swelling<br>
|-
|осень<br>
|autumn, fall<br>
|-
|осенью<br>
|in the autumn, in the fall<br>
|-
|основание<br>
|basis, foundation<br>
|-
|оспа<br>
|smallpox<br>
|-
|от<br>
|from<br>
|-
|отлел
|department, office
|-
|отец<br>
|father<br>
|-
|отставка<br>
|retirement, discharge<br>
|-
|отставной<br>
|retired<br>
|-
|отсуствующий<br>
|absent<br>
|-
|отчество<br>
|patronymic<br>
|-
|отчим<br>
|stepfather<br>
|-
|охрана<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|о родившихся
|births (literally: about those who were born)
|-
|о бракосочетавшихся
|marriages (literally: about those who were married)<br>
|-
|о разведшихся
|divorces (literally: about those who were divorced)
|-
|об умершихъ
|deaths (literally: about those who died)<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== J  ===
 
===П===
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|падучя
|epilepsy
|-
|падчерица<br>
|stepdaughter<br>
|-
|палач<br>
|butcher, executioner<br>
|-
|папа<br>
|papa, dad<br>
|-
|паралижя
|paralysis
|-
|паралич
|palsy
|-
|паспорт<br>
|passport<br>
|-
|паспортный<br>
|passport (adj.)<br>
|-
|пасынок<br>
|stepson<br>
|-
|пачерица
|step daughter
|-
|паяльщик<br>
|tinsmith, plumber<br>
|-
|пекарь<br>
|baker<br>
|-
|первый<br>
|first<br>
|-
|перевозчик<br>
|ferryman<br>
|-
|переплётчик<br>
|bookbinder<br>
|-
|печатник<br>
|printer<br>
|-
|печать<br>
|stamp, seal, press<br>
|-
|писарь<br>
|clerk, scribe<br>
|-
|письмоводитель
|clerk
|-
|племянник<br>
|nephew<br>
|-
|племянница<br>
|niece<br>
|-
|плотник<br>
|carpenter<br>
|-
|повар<br>
|cook<br>
|-
|повинность<br>
|obligation<br>
|-
|после
|after
|-
|пограничная стража
|border corps
|-
|погребение<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|подать<br>
|to submit<br>
|-
|поденщик<br>
|day laborer<br>
|-
|подлинник<br>
|original<br>
|-
|подлиный
|
authentic<br>


{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
|-
|подпись<br>
| jak <br>jak duzo <br>jaki <br>jeden <br>jedenaście <br>jedenasty <br>jedna <br>jednak <br>jego <br>jej <br>jest <br>jesteście <br>jesteśmy <br>jeszcze <br>jezioro <br>język <br>jutro <br>już
|signature<br>
| how, as <br>as much <br>what kind of <br>one <br>eleven <br>eleventh <br>one <br>but <br>his <br>her <br>is <br>you are <br>we are <br>still, yet <br>lake <br>language <br>morning, tomorrow <br>already
|-
|подпоручик
|second lieutenant
|-
|пожар<br>
|fire<br>
|-
|пожарный<br>
|fireman<br>
|-
|пожилой<br>
|elderly<br>
|-
|позволение<br>
|permission<br>
|-
|покойник<br>
|the deceased (m.)<br>
|-
|покойница<br>
|the deceased (f.)<br>
|-
|покойный<br>
|deceased, late<br>
|-
|пол<br>
|gender, sex<br>
|-
|полагать<br>
|to suppose, to propose<br>
|-
|полдень<br>
|noon, midday<br>
|-
|полк<br>
|regiment<br>
|-
|полковник<br>
|colonel<br>
|-
|полночь<br>
|midnight<br>
|-
|получить<br>
|to receive<br>
|-
|понедельник<br>
|Monday<br>
|-
|понос
|diarrhea
|-
|по полудни<br>
|in the afternoon<br>
|-
|по полуночи<br>
|after midnight<br>
|-
|порока сердца
|heart disease
|-
|портниха<br>
|dressmaker<br>
|-
|портной<br>
|tailor<br>
|-
|поручитель<br>
|bondsman, guarantor<br>
|-
|порушения
|collapse, fall
|-
|поселенец<br>
|settler<br>
|-
|поселение<br>
|settlement<br>
|-
|посемйные списки<br>
|family lists <br>
|-
|послужной список<br>
|service record<br>
|-
|пособие<br>
|allowance, benefit, welfare<br>
|-
|постоянный<br>
|permanent<br>
|-
|потомок<br>
|descendant, offspring<br>
|-
|потомок по прямой линии<br>
|direct discendant<br>
|-
|потомственный<br>
|hereditary<br>
|-
|потомственный почетный
|hereditary honorary citizen, or a hereditary elite social class
|-
|потомство<br>
|posterity, descendants<br>
|-
|похоронен<br>
|buried (m.)<br>
|-
|похоронена<br>
|buried (f.)<br>
|-
|похороны<br>
|burial<br>
|-
|почётные граждане
|honorary citizens, an elite social class, could be hereditary or personal.
|-
|почтальон<br>
|mailman<br>
|-
|прабабушка<br>
|great grandmother<br>
|-
|правнук<br>
|great grandson<br>
|-
|правнучка<br>
|great grandaughter<br>
|-
|православный, православное вероисповедание<br>
|Orthodox Christian, Russian Orthodox<br>
|-
|прадед<br>
|great grandfather<br>
|-
|прапрабабушка<br>
|great great grandmother<br>
|-
|прапрадед<br>
|great great grandfather<br>
|-
|прародитель<br>
|progenitor<br>
|-
|предбрачные свидетельства<br>
|premaritial certificates documenting that the bride and groom are not related<br>
|-
|предок<br>
|ancestro, forefather<br>
|-
|представить<br>
|to produce, to resent<br>
|-
|предшествовать<br>
|to precede<br>
|-
|привилегированный
|privileged, favored
|-
|призвание<br>
|vocation, calling<br>
|-
|призывник<br>
|conscript<br>
|-
|призывные списки<br>
|recruitment lists<br>
|-
|приказчик<br>
|shop assistnace, salesman<br>
|-
|призрев., призреваемый
|a ward (child under protection of a guardian)
|-
|призивные списки
|conscription lists
|-
|принадлежать<br>
|to belong to<br>
|-
|принять<br>
|to accept, to receive<br>
|-
|прислуг
|servant (m.)
|-
|прислуга
|servant (f.)
|-
|присутствие<br>
|presence<br>
|-
|присутствующий<br>
|to be present, in attendance<br>
|-
|приход<br>
|parish, ward<br>
|-
|приходский<br>
|parish, ward (adj.)<br>
|-
|причат<br>
|clergy<br>
|-
|приют<br>
|orphanage<br>
|-
|продавец<br>
|salesman<br>
|-
|продолжение<br>
|continuation<br>
|-
|происходить<br>
|to descend<br>
|-
|происхождение<br>
|descent, origin<br>
|-
|произойти<br>
|to descend from<br>
|-
|прошение<br>
|request (noun)<br>
|-
|псаломщик
|acolyte, parish clerk
|-
|пятидесятый<br>
|fiftieth<br>
|-
|пятисотый<br>
|five hundredth<br>
|-
|пятнадцатый<br>
|fifteenth<br>
|-
|пятница<br>
|Friday<br>
|-
|пятый<br>
|fifth<br>
|-
|пять<br>
|five<br>
|-
|пятьдесят<br>
|fivty<br>
|-
|пятьсот<br>
|five hundred<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== K  ===
 
===Р===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|раб<br>
|slave<br>
|-
|работа<br>
|work<br>
|-
|работник<br>
|laborer (m.)<br>
|-
|работница<br>
|laborer (f.)<br>
|-
|рабочий<br>
|worker<br>
|-
|раввин<br>
|rabbi<br>
|-
|район<br>
|district, raion (modern term)<br>
|-
|развалины
|ruins, remains
|-
|разведённый<br>
|divorced<br>
|-
|развод<br>
|divorce<br>
|-
|размещенный
|placed, situated, located, hosted (adj.)
|-
|разносчик<br>
|peddler<br>
|-
|разрешение<br>
|permission<br>
|-
|разряд<br>
|level, degree, rank<br>
|-
|рак<br>
|cancer<br>
|-
|рак груди/рак в груде
|breast cancer
|-
|рак кожи
|skin cancer
|-
|рак легкого
|lung cancer
|-
|рак желудка/рак в желудке
|stomach cancer
|-
| раскольник<br>
| dissenter, dissident, nonconformist
|-
|ребёнок<br>
|child<br>
|-
|ревизские сказки
|revision Lists
|-
|реестр<br>
|register<br>
|-
|рекрутские списки
|recruitment lists
|-
|религиозный<br>
|religious<br>
|-
|религия<br>
|religion, faith<br>
|-
|ремесленник<br>
|artisan, journeyman<br>
|-
|-
|ремесло<br>
| karta <br>kaszel <br>katolicki <br>kawaler <br>każdy <br>kiedy <br>kilometr <br>kobieta <br>kogo <br>kolek <br>kolki <br>koło <br>kolonista <br>komornik <br>końcowy <br>konfirmacja <br>koniec <br>konsumpcja ciała <br>konto <br>konwulsje <br>korcarz <br>kościół <br>kowal <br>kraj <br>krajowy <br>kramarz <br>krawiec <br>krewny <br>król <br>królestwo <br>królewski <br>krolowa <br>krwotek <br>ksiądz <br>księga <br>księstwo <br>kto <br>który <br>kum <br>kuma <br>kunszt <br>kupiec <br>kupił <br>kuzyn <br>kuzynka <br>kwartał <br>kwietnia
|trade, occupation<br>
| page <br>cough <br>Catholic <br>bachelor <br>each, every <br>when <br>kilometer <br>woman, wife <br>whom <br>of cramps <br>colic <br>around, near, by <br>colonist, settler <br>tenant, poor peasant <br>final, last <br>confirmation <br>end <br>consumption, tuberculosis <br>account <br>convulsions <br>grain merchant <br>church <br>smith <br>region, area, country <br>local <br>stall keeper, merchant <br>tailor <br>blood-relative <br>king <br>kingdom <br>royal <br>queen <br>bleeding, hemorrhage <br>priest <br>book <br>principality, duchy <br>who <br>which, who <br>godfather <br>godmother <br>trade, occupation <br>shopkeeper, merchant <br>he bought <br>cousin (male) <br>cousin (female) <br>quarter (of a year or city) <br>of April
|-
|род<br>
|birth, family, kin, sort, type<br>
|-
|родивщихся
|those who were born
|-
|родилась<br>
|was born (f.)<br>
|-
|родились<br>
|were born<br>
|-
|родился<br>
|was born (m.0<br>
|-
|родина<br>
|native land<br>
|-
|родители<br>
|parents<br>
|-
|родиться<br>
|to be born<br>
|-
|родовой<br>
|ancestral<br>
|-
|родом<br>
|by origin<br>
|-
|родоначальник<br>
|ancestor (first generation of a clan)<br>
|-
|родословная<br>
|genealogy, pedigree (book)<br>
|-
|родословная книга<br>
|ancestry book<br>
|-
|родословный<br>
|genealogical<br>
|-
|родственник<br>
|relative (m.)<br>
|-
|родственница<br>
|(relative (f.)<br>
|-
|родство<br>
|relationship, kinship<br>
|-
|роды<br>
|childbirth<br>
|-
|рождение<br>
|birth<br>
|-
|рождения<br>
|births<br>
|-
|Рождество<br>
|Christmas<br>
|-
|рaзрыв сердца
|broken heart
|-
|роспись<br>
|inventory, list<br>
|-
|рот<br>
|mouth<br>
|-
|русский, русская
|Russian (male, female)
|-
|русый<br>
|light brown<br>
|-
|рыбяк<br>
|fisherman<br>
|-
|рыжий<br>
|red-haired<br>
|-
|рядовой<br>
|ordinary (soldier)<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== L  ===
 
===С===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|cмерти
|death
|-
|с<br>
|from, with<br>
|-
|садовник<br>
|gardener<br>
|-
|-
|сам<br>
| łacisński <br>las <br>lata <br>lecz <br>lesnik <br>lewy <br>liczący <br>[lat ... liczący] <br>linia <br>lipca <br>listopada <br>litewski <br>łotewski <br>łoże <br>[nieprawego loza] <br>lub <br>lud <br>ludność <br>lutego
|self (m.)<br>
| Latin <br>forest, woods <br>years <br>but <br>forester <br>left <br>counting <br>[... years old] <br>line, lineage <br>of July <br>of November <br>Lithuanian <br>Latvian <br>status of legitimacy, bed <br>[illegitimate] <br>or <br>people <br>population <br>of February
|-
|сама<br>
|self (f.)<br>
|-
|сами<br>
|selves<br>
|-
|сапожник<br>
|cobbler, shoemaker<br>
|-
|сват
|father of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|сватья
|mother of the son-in-law or daughter-in-law
|-
|свёкор<br>
|father-in-law (husband's father)<br>
|-
|свекровь<br>
|mother-in-law (husband's mother)<br>
|-
|светлый<br>
|light (adj.)<br>
|-
|свидетель, свидетели
|witness, witnesses
|-
|свидетельство<br>
|certificate, evidence, testimony<br>
|-
|свидетельствовать/ за-<br>
|to witness, to certify<br>
|-
|своебременно<br>
|timely<br>
|-
|свояченица<br>
|sister-in-law (wife's sister)<br>
|-
|святое причастие<br>
|holy communion, the Lord's supper<br>
|-
|святой<br>
|holy<br>
|-
|священник<br>
|priest, clergyman<br>
|-
|север<br>
|north<br>
|-
|северный<br>
|northern<br>
|-
|сегодня<br>
|today<br>
|-
|сегодняшний
|today's, this day (adj.)
|-
|седой<br>
|gray-haired<br>
|-
|седмой<br>
|seventh<br>
|-
|село<br>
|village (with a church)<br>
|-
|семидесятый<br>
|seventieth<br>
|-
|семисотый<br>
|seven hundredth<br>
|-
|семнадцать<br>
|seventeen<br>
|-
|семь<br>
|seven<br>
|-
|семьдесят<br>
|seventy<br>
|-
|семьсот<br>
|seven hundred<br>
|-
|семья<br>
|family<br>
|-
|сентябрь<br>
|September<br>
|-
|серый<br>
|gray<br>
|-
|сестра<br>
|sister<br>
|-
|сирота<br>
|orphan<br>
|-
|скарлатина<br>
|scarlet fever<br>
|-
|скончалась<br>
|died (f.)<br>
|-
|скончался<br>
|died (m.)<br>
|-
|скорняк<br>
|Furrier<br>
|-
|слепой<br>
|blind<br>
|-
|слесарь<br>
|locksmith, metalworker<br>
|-
|слобода
|settlement
|-
|слуга<br>
|servant (m.)<br>
|-
|служанка<br>
|servant (f.)<br>
|-
|служащий<br>
|employee, perfessional<br>
|-
|служба<br>
|service, work<br>
|-
|смерти<br>
|deaths<br>
|-
|смерть<br>
|death<br>
|-
|сноха<br>
|daughter-in-law<br>
|-
|собор<br>
|cathedral<br>
|-
|собрание<br>
|assembly, meeting<br>
|-
|собственник/собственница
|owner
|-
|совершеннолетие<br>
|legal age, majority<br>
|-
|совершить<br>
|to perform<br>
|-
|согласно<br>
|according to, agreed<br>
|-
|содержание<br>
|content<br>
|-
|соединать браком<br>
|to marry<br>
|-
|сожительница
|concubine, cohabitor
|-
|солдат<br>
|soldier<br>
|-
|сорок<br>
|forty<br>
|-
|сороковой<br>
|fortieth<br>
|-
|сословие<br>
|estate, class, social standing<br>
|-
|состоялось<br>
|it happened<br>
|-
|состояние<br>
|status, state, condition, situation<br>
|-
|состояться<br>
|to take place, happen<br>
|-
|сотник<br>
|commander of 100 men<br>
|-
|сотый<br>
|one hundredth<br>
|-
|сочетать брак<br>
|to marry (to)<br>
|-
|среда<br>
|Wedmesday<br>
|-
|средный<br>
|medium (adj.)<br>
|-
|ссылный<br>
|exile, convict<br>
|-
|ссылка<br>
|see..., refer to...; exile, deportation<br>
|-
|старость<br>
|old age<br>
|-
|старый<br>
|old<br>
|-
|стеклодув<br>
|glass blower<br>
|-
|сто<br>
|one hundred<br>
|-
|столяр<br>
|joiner<br>
|-
|сторож<br>
|watchman, guard<br>
|-
|стража<br>
|guard<br>
|-
|страна<br>
|country<br>
|-
|стрелок<br>
|rifleman, marksman<br>
|-
|строитель<br>
|construction worker<br>
|-
|суббота<br>
|Saturday<br>
|-
|суд<br>
|court<br>
|-
|судебный<br>
|judicial<br>
|-
|судья<br>
|judge<br>
|-
|сумашедший<br>
|insance<br>
|-
|супруг<br>
|spouse (m.)<br>
|-
|супруга<br>
|spouse (f.)<br>
|-
|супруги<br>
|married couple<br>
|-
|супружество<br>
|matrimony<br>
|-
|сутки<br>
|day (and night), 24 hours<br>
|-
|счетовод<br>
|accountant, bookkeeper<br>
|-
|сын<br>
|son<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== M  ===
 
===Т===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|таинство<br>
| ma <br>macocha <br>mączarz <br>madziarski <br>maja <br>mają<br>mający <br>[lat ... mający] <br>majątek <br>majętny <br>majster <br>malarz <br>małoletni <br>mały <br>małżenstwo <br>małżonek <br>małżonka <br>małżonków <br>[małżonków Kowalskich] <br>mapa <br>marca <br>martwo urodzony <br>matka <br>mąż <br>menonici <br>męski <br>metryka <br>męża <br>miał <br>miano <br>mianowicie <br>miasteczko <br>miasto <br>mieć<br>między <br>miejsce <br>miejscowość <br>mieście <br>miesiąc <br>mieszkający <br>mieszkanie <br>mieszkaniec <br>mleczarz <br>młodszy <br>młody<br>[pan młody] <br>[panna młoda] <br>mlodzian (młodziniec) <br>młyn <br>młynarz <br>mniejszy <br>modlitwa <br>[dom modlitwy] <br>mojzeszowy <br>mórg <br>most <br>może<br>mumoze <br>mularz, murarz <br>mylnie <br>myś liwy
|ordinance, rite, sacrament<br>
| has <br>stepmother <br>miller <br>Hungarian <br>of May <br>they have <br>having <br>[... years old] <br>property <br>wealthy, property-owning <br>master craftsman <br>painter <br>not of legal age <br>small, little <br>marriage <br>husband <br>wife <br>of the married couple <br>[the Kowalski married couple] <br>map <br>of March <br>stillborn <br>mother <br>husband, man <br>Mennonites <br>male <br>certificate, record <br>of the husband <br>he had <br>name <br>that means, namely <br>small town <br>city <br>to have <br>between <br>place, locality <br>locality <br>town <br>month <br>residing <br>residence <br>inhabitant, resident, citizen <br>dairyman <br>younger <br>young <br>[bridegroom] <br>[bride] <br>young man <br>mill <br>miller <br>lesser, smaller, shorter <br>prayer <br>[house of prayer, synagogue] <br>Jewish <br>morg (1.2 acres) <br>bridge <br>maybe <br>to him <br>mason (bricklayer) <br>mistakenly, erroneously <br>hunter
|-
|текущий
|current
|-
|тёмный<br>
|dark<br>
|-
|тесть<br>
|father-in-law (wife's father)<br>
|-
|тётя<br>
|aunt<br>
|-
|тёща<br>
|mother-in-law (wife's mother)<br>
|-
|тиф
|typhus
|-
|ткач<br>
|weaver (m.)<br>
|-
|ткачиха<br>
|weaver (f.)<br>
|-
|то есть (т. е.)<br>
|i.e. that is<br>
|-
|тоже<br>
|also<br>
|-
|токарь<br>
|lathe turner<br>
|-
|тонуть<br>
|to drown<br>
|-
|торговец<br>
|merchant, dealer<br>
|-
|третий<br>
|third<br>
|-
|трёхсотый<br>
|three hundredth<br>
|-
|три<br>
|three<br>
|-
|тридцатый<br>
|thirtieth<br>
|-
|тридцать<br>
|thirty<br>
|-
|тринадватый<br>
|thirteenth<br>
|-
|тринадцать<br>
|thirteen<br>
|-
|триста<br>
|three hundred<br>
|-
|трубочист<br>
|chimney sweep<br>
|-
|туберклулёз лёгких<br>
|consumption<br>
|-
|тысяча<br>
|one thousand<br>
|-
|тысячный<br>
|one thousandth<br>
|-
|тюрма<br>
|prison<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== N  ===
 
===У===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|убийство<br>
|murder
|-
|убийца<br>
|murderer, killer
|-
|уволенный<br>
|dismissed, discharged
|-
|удар<br>
|stroke
|-
|-
|удостоверение<br>
| na <br>nad <br>nadać <br>nadane <br>najemnik <br>najmlodszy <br>najstarszy <br>należał<br>należy <br>nam <br>naocznie <br>naoczny świadek <br>naprzód <br>narodzony <br>narzeczona <br>narzeczony <br>nas <br>następny <br>nasz <br>na teraz <br>naturalny <br>natychmiast <br>nauczyciel <br>nawiązanie <br>nazwana <br>nazwisko <br>nerwowa gorączka <br>nic <br>nich <br>nie <br>niedaleko <br>niedziela <br>niegdy (niegdyś) <br>niemiecki <br>niemowlę<br>niepiełnoletni <br>nieprawy <br>nieślubny <br>nie teraz <br>niewiadomy <br>niezamężna <br>nieznajomy <br>nieżonaty <br>nieżyący <br>nigdy <br>nim <br>niniejszy <br>niski <br>niższy <br>noc <br>nowozaśubiona <br>nowozaślubiony <br>nowożeńcy <br>nowy <br>numer
|certificate
| on, at, around <br>above, upon <br>to give <br>was given <br>day laborer <br>youngest <br>oldest, eldest <br>belonged to <br>belongs <br>to us <br>by eyewitness <br>eyewitness <br>in front of <br>born <br>betrothed, bride <br>betrothed, groom <br>us <br>next <br>our <br>temporarily <br>illegitimate <br>immediately <br>schoolteacher, teacher <br>reference <br>named <br>surname <br>typhoid fever <br>nothing <br>them <br>not, no <br>not far from <br>Sunday, week <br>deceased, former, the late <br>German <br>infant <br>not of legal age, minor <br>illegitimate <br>unmarried, illegitimate <br>not yet <br>unknown <br>unmarried woman <br>unknown <br>unmarried man <br>deceased, not living <br>never <br>him <br>this, the present <br>low, short <br>lower <br>night <br>newlywed bride <br>newlywed groom <br>newlyweds <br>new <br>number
|-
|удостоверить(ся)<br>
|to certify, to witness, to assure oneself
|-
|удочеренная<br>
|adopted (of a daughter)
|-
|удочерение<br>
|adoption (of a daughter)
|-
|удочерить<br>
|to adopt a daughter
|-
|удушья
|difficulty breathing
|-
|уезд<br>
|district, county, uyezd
|-
|указ<br>
|decree
|-
|украинец, украинка
|Ukrainian (male, female)
|-
|улица, ул.
|street, st. (abbreviation)
|-
|умер<br>
|died (masc.)
|-
|умереть<br>
|to die
|-
|умерла<br>
|died (fem.)
|-
|умерший<br>
|deceased
|-
|уметь<br>
|to know how
|-
|унтер-офицер
|non-commissioned officer, petty officer
|-
|уродливый<br>
|deformed (masc.)
|-
|урохдённая<br>
|born as, née (in front of maiden name)
|-
|урядник<br>
|sergeant, or Don Cossacks under-officer
|-
|усыновление<br>
|adoption (of a son)
|-
|усыновленный<br>
|adopted (of a son)
|-
|усыновить<br>
|to adopt a son
|-
|утопнуть<br>
|to drown
|-
|утопший/утопшая
|drowned
|-
|утра, утром<br>
|morning (n.), in the morning (adv.)
|-
|утро<br>
|morning (n.)
|-
|ученик<br>
|pupil, apprentice
|-
|учёный<br>
|scholar (n.), learned (adj.)
|-
|учитель<br>
|teacher (masc.)
|-
|учительница<br>
|teacher (fem.)
|}
|}


<br>
=== O  ===
 
===Ф===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|фабрикант<br>
|manufacturer<br>
|-
|фамилия<br>
|surname, family<br>
|-
|-
|февраль<br>
| o <br>ob. <br>obecność <br>oberżysta <br>obrzęd <br>obrzezanie <br>obszar <br>obydwaj <br>obywatel <br>ochrzczony <br>od <br>odbyty <br>odmienny <br>odpowiadać<br>odra <br>odwrócenie <br>oglasał <br>ogrodnik <br>ojciec <br>ojczym <br>okazał <br>około <br>okręg <br>okupnik <br>olejów <br>on <br>ona <br>onegdajszy <br>oni <br>opatrzony <br>opiekun <br>opis <br>opłata <br>opuchlizna <br>oraz <br>osada <br>osiadły <br>osiem <br>osiemdziesiąt(y) <br>osiemnaście <br>osiemnasty <br>osiemset(ny) <br>osłabienie <br>ósmy <br>osoba <br>ospa <br>ostatni <br>oświadczenie <br>oświadczył&nbsp; <br>otrzymał <br>owdowiałla <br>owdowiały <br>ozenił sie <br>ożeniony
|February<br>
| about, concerning <br>see <br>presence <br>tavern keeper <br>rite, ceremony <br>circumcision <br>area <br>both <br>inhabitant, citizen <br>christened, baptized <br>from, since <br>performed <br>various <br>to reply <br>measles <br>conversion <br>announced, published <br>poor peasant, crofter, gardener <br>father <br>stepfather <br>showed <br>about, around <br>precinct, district <br>local resident <br>of oil <br>he <br>she <br>day before yesterday <br>they <br>provided <br>guardian <br>description <br>fee, cost <br>dropsy, edema, swelling <br>and, also <br>large settlement <br>settled (at), residing (at) <br>eight <br>eighty (eightieth) <br>eighteen <br>eighteenth <br>eight hundred(th) <br>weakness <br>eighth <br>person <br>of smallpox <br>last, recent <br>statement <br>declared, testified <br>received <br>widowed <br>widowered <br>married a wife <br>married
|-
|фольварк
|manor farm
|-
|фонд<br>
|record group<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== P  ===


===Х===
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
| pan <br>pani <br>panna <br>pański <br>[roku pańskiego] <br>państwowy <br>parafia <br>parobek <br>pasierb <br>pasterz <br>października <br>pełnoletność&nbsp; <br>piątek <br>piąty <br>pięć&nbsp; <br>pięćdziesiąt(y) <br>pięćset(ny) <br>piekarz <br>pierwszego <br>pierwszy <br>piętnaście <br>piętnasty <br>pisać <br>pismo <br>płci męskiej<br>płci żeńskiej <br>płeć <br>po <br>pochowanie <br>pod <br>podatek <br>podług <br>podobny <br>podpis <br>podpisany <br>podrzutek <br>podwójny <br>pogrzeb <br>pogrzebany <br>pól <br>pólnoc <br>połóg <br>polski <br>południe <br>pomorski <br>poniedziałek <br>ponieważ<br>poprzedni <br>poprzedzil <br>posiada <br>poślubił <br>poszukiwanie <br>potem <br>potok <br>pow. (powiat) <br>powinowaty <br>powyższe <br>pozostały <br>pozostawi<br>pozwolenie ł<br>prababa (prababka) <br>pracowity <br>pradziadek <br>prawdopodobnie <br>prawego łoża <br>prawny <br>prawo <br>prawosławny <br>prawowity <br>prawy <br>proboszcz <br>prośba <br>prosimy <br>protestancki <br>pruski <br>przed <br>przedtem <br>przekonal <br>przesłany <br>przeszły <br>[roku przeszlłego] <br>przez <br>przodem <br>przodków <br>przy <br>przyczyna <br>przyjaciel <br>przypadek <br>[z bojazni przypadku] <br>przyrodni <br>przytomność<br>przyzwolenie <br>puchlina
|'''English'''
| sir, Mr., Lord <br>lady, Mrs. <br>maiden, Miss <br>Lord's <br>[in the year of our Lord] <br>state, of the state <br>parish <br>farmworker <br>stepchild <br>herdsman <br>of October <br>age of consent, legal age <br>Friday <br>fifth <br>five <br>fifty (fiftieth) <br>five hundred(th) <br>baker <br>on the first <br>first <br>fifteen <br>fifteenth <br>to write <br>letter, correspondence <br>male <br>female <br>gender, sex <br>after <br>burial <br>under <br>tax <br>according to <br>similar <br>signature <br>signed <br>foundling <br>duplicate <br>burial <br>buried <br>half <br>midnight, north <br>childbirth, labor <br>Polish <br>noon, south <br>Pomeranian <br>Monday <br>because <br>previous <br>preceded <br>has, is in possession of <br>married <br>research, search of <br>after <br>stream <br>district <br>relative <br>previously mentioned <br>left behind, surviving <br>left behind, was survived by <br>permission <br>great-grandmother <br>diligent, hard-working <br>great-grandfather <br>in all likelihood, probably <br>legitimate <br>legal <br>law, right <br>orthodox <br>legitimate <br>right, true <br>parish priest <br>request <br>we request <br>Protestant <br>Prussian <br>in front of, before <br>before <br>convinced <br>sent <br>preceding <br>[of the preceding year] <br>by <br>before <br>of ancestors <br>by, with, during <br>cause, reason <br>friend <br>circumstance, occurrence, case <br>[for fear of the circumstance (i.e., emergency baptism)] <br>step-, half-, (as in stepbrother, half brother) <br>presence <br>consent <br>dropsy, edema, swellling
|-
|хозяин<br>
|landowner, proprietor<br>
|-
|холод<br>
|cold<br>
|-
|холостой<br>
|single, unmarrier<br>
|-
|холость<br>
|single man, bachelor<br>
|-
|холостяк<br>
|bachelor<br>
|-
|хромой<br>
|lame, limping<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== R  ===
 
===Ц===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|цвет<br>
|color<br>
|-
|церковь<br>
|church<br>
|-
|-
|цыган<br>
| r. (roku) <br>rabin <br>rak <br>rano <br>raz <br>[drugi raz] <br>razem <br>reformowany <br>religia <br>religijny <br>robotnik <br>rocznik <br>roczny <br>ród <br>rodowód <br>rodzeństwo <br>rodzice <br>rodzice chrzestni <br>rodzina <br>rok <br>rolnik <br>rosyjski <br>również<br>rozwiedziony <br>rozwód <br>ruski <br>rybak <br>rynek <br>rządowy <br>rzeka <br>rzezak, rzeźnik <br>rzymsko-katolicki
|Gypsy<br>
| in the year <br>rabbi <br>cancer <br>in the morning <br>once, time <br>[second time] <br>together <br>Reformed Protestant, Calvinist <br>religion <br>religious, of the church <br>worker <br>yearbook <br>annual <br>family, clan, descent <br>genealogy, pedigree <br>sibling <br>parents <br>godparents <br>family <br>year <br>tenant farmer, husbandman, farmer <br>Russian <br>also, too <br>divorced <br>divorce <br>Russian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian <br>fisherman <br>marketplace <br>governmental <br>river <br>butcher, circumciser (mohel) <br>Roman Catholic
|}
|}


<br>
=== S  ===


===Ч===
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
 
{| width="70%" border="1"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|час <br>
|hour, time<br>
|-
|часовщик<br>
|watchmaker<br>
|-
|чахотка<br>
|consumption<br>
|-
|четверг<br>
|Thursday<br>
|-
|четвёртый<br>
|fourth<br>
|-
|четыре<br>
|four<br>
|-
|четыреста<br>
|four hundred<br>
|-
|четырёхсотый<br>
|four hundredth<br>
|-
|четырнадцать<br>
|fourteen<br>
|-
|чёрное духовенство
|clergy who have taken a monastic vow (not allowed to have a wife or children)
|-
|чин<br>
|rank, grade<br>
|-
|чиновник<br>
|official, bureaucrat<br>
|-
|чирей
|boil
|-
|-
|число<br>
| są <br>sąd <br>samy <br>sąsiad <br>setny <br>się <br>siedem <br>siedemdziesiat <br>siedemnaście <br>siedemnasty <br>siedemset(ny) <br>sierota <br>sierpnia <br>siódmy <br>sioło <br>siostra <br>siostrzenica <br>siostrzeniec <br>składał<br>skończył<br>skorowidz <br>skurcze <br>skutek <br>słabość <br>słaby <br>śląski <br>sławetny <br>slawny <br>słowacki <br>słownik <br>ślub <br>ślubny <br>sługa <br>służąca <br>służący <br>śmierć<br>snać<br>sobie <br>sobota <br>spażenie <br>spis <br>spłodzone <br>społeczeństwo <br>sprzedarz <br>średni <br>środa <br>środek <br>stan <br>starość <br>starosta <br>starozakonny <br>starszy <br>stary <br>stawiający się<br>stawił się<br>stelmach <br>sto <br>stolarz <br>stolica <br>strona <br>stryj <br>stulecie <br>stycznia <br>suchoty <br>sukiennik <br>swiadectwo <br>świadek <br>swięty <br>swój (swego) <br>swója (swojei) <br>syn <br>synagoga <br>synowa <br>synowie <br>sześć <br>sześćdziesąit(y) <br>sześćset(ny) <br>szesnaście <br>szesnasty <br>szewc <br>szkarlatyna <br>szkoła <br>szkolnik <br>szlachecki (szlachety) <br>szlachta <br>szlub <br>szósty <br>szwagier <br>szwagierka <br>szynkarz
|date, number<br>
| they are <br>court <br>same <br>neighbor <br>one hundredth <br>self <br>seven <br>seventy <br>seventeen <br>seventeenth <br>seven hundred(th) <br>orphan <br>of August <br>seventh <br>village <br>sister <br>niece <br>nephew <br>submitted, presented <br>completed <br>index <br>cramps <br>cause <br>weakness, sickness <br>weak <br>Silesian <br>renowned <br>famous <br>Slovak <br>dictionary <br>marriage, wedding <br>married, wedded, legitimate <br>servant <br>servant girl <br>serving <br>death <br>perhaps <br>self <br>Saturday <br>burn <br>list, census, index <br>begotten, born <br>society <br>merchant, dealer <br>cental, middle, average <br>Wednesday <br>middle <br>status, condition <br>old age <br>perfect <br>Jew (Orthodox) <br>older, elder <br>old <br>the one presenting himself <br>presented himself, appeared <br>cart maker, wheel maker <br>hundred <br>cabinetmaker <br>capital city <br>page <br>uncle (paternal) <br>century <br>of January <br>consumption, tuberculosis <br>cloth-maker <br>certificate <br>witness <br>holy <br>his, her own <br>his, her own <br>son <br>synagogue <br>daughter-in-law <br>sons <br>six <br>sixty (sixtieth) <br>six hundred(th) <br>sixteen <br>sixteenth <br>shoemaker <br>scarlet fever <br>school <br>rabbi's assistant, teacher <br>noble <br>nobility <br>see slub <br>sixth <br>brother-in-law <br>sister-in-law <br>tavern keeper
|-
|член<br>
|member<br>
|-
|что<br>
|what, that<br>
|-
|чума<br>
|plague<br>
|}
|}


<br>
=== T  ===
 
===Ш===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|шахтёр<br>
|miner<br>
|-
|швер<br>
|seamstress<br>
|-
|шестидесятый<br>
|sixtieth<br>
|-
|шестисотый<br>
|six hundredth<br>
|-
|шестнадцать<br>
|sixteenth<br>
|-
|шестой<br>
|sixth<br>
|-
|шесть<br>
|six<br>
|-
|шестьсот<br>
|six hundred<br>
|-
|шинкарь<br>
|innkeeper, barkeeper<br>
|-
|шкарлатина
|scarlet fever
|-
|шорник<br>
|harness maker, saddler<br>
|-
|-
|шурин<br>
| t. (tom) <br>taki <br>także <br>tam <br>tamowanie <br>tamtejszy <br>tamże <br>targownik <br>tego (tegoż) <br>tej (tejże) <br>ten (ta, też) <br>teść<br>tężec <br>tkacz <br>to <br>tom <br>towarzystwo <br>trudniący się<br>trzeci <br>trzy <br>trzydzieści <br>trzydziesty <br>trzymał<br>[trzymał do chrztu] <br>trzynaście <br>trzynasty <br>trzysetny (trzechsetny) <br>trzysta <br>tu <br>tudzież <br>tutaj <br>tutejszy <br>twierdza <br>tydzień<br>tygodnie <br>tylko <br>tysiąc <br>tysięczny <br>tytuł
|brother-in-law (wife's brother)<br>
| volume <br>such as <br>also <br>there <br>opposition, objection <br>of that place <br>in the same place <br>peddler <br>this, the same <br>this, the same <br>this, the same <br>father-in-law <br>tetanus <br>weaver <br>it, this <br>volume <br>society <br>earning a living <br>third <br>three <br>thirty <br>thirtieth <br>held, kept <br>[stood as godparents] <br>thirteen <br>thirteenth <br>three hundredth <br>three hundred <br>here <br>also, likewise <br>here <br>of this place <br>fortress <br>week <br>weeks <br>only <br>thousand <br>one thousandth <br>title, name
|}
|}


<br>
=== U  ===
 
===Щ===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|<br>
| ubogi <br>ukraijnski <br>ul. (ulica) <br>umarł<br>umieją <br>umowa <br>umrzeć <br>uprzejmie <br>urodzenie <br>urodził się<br>urodzin <br>urodzony <br>urząd <br>urząd stanu cywilnego <br>urzędnik<br>ustny <br>utrzymajacy się<br>uwagi
|<br>
| poor <br>Ukrainian <br>street, road <br>died <br>they know how <br>contract, agreement <br>to die <br>politely <br>birth <br>was born <br>of births <br>born, wellborn (noble) <br>office <br>civil registration office <br>registrar, officer, clerk <br>verbal, oral <br>supporting self (by) <br>remarks
|}
|}


<br>
=== W  ===
 
===Э===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|-
|эмигрант
| w <br>w. (wieku) <br>waleczny <br>was <br>wasz <br>wcześnie <br>wczoraj <br>wczorajszy <br>wdowa <br>[wdowa po Józefie] <br>wdowiec <br>we <br>według <br>węgierski <br>wiadomo <br>wiadomość <br>wiadomy <br>wieczorem <br>wiek <br>wielki <br>wielmożny <br>wielu <br>wierzchni <br>wieś<br>wikarjusz (wikary) <br>wiorst (wierst) <br>wioska <br>właściciel <br>włóka <br>włościanin <br>włoski <br>wnuczek <br>wnuczka <br>wnuk <br>woda <br>wodna puchlina <br>wojenny <br>województwo <br>wojskowy <br>wolny <br>wraz <br>września <br>wschód <br>wsi <br>wśród <br>wśtępnie <br>wszakże <br>wszystko <br>wtedy <br>wtorek <br>wuj (wujek) <br>wyciąg <br>wydany <br>wykonał<br>wyrażenie <br>wyrobnik <br>wysoki <br>wyznania <br>wyższy <br>wzgórze <br>wzmianki
|emigrant
| in <br>century <br>courageous, gallant <br>you <br>your <br>early <br>yesterday <br>yesterday's <br>widow <br>[widow of Józef] <br>widower <br>in <br>according to <br>Hungarian <br>it is known <br>knowledge <br>known <br>in the evening <br>age, century <br>great, large <br>powerful noble, magnate <br>many, much <br>upper <br>village <br>vicar, priest <br>a measurement of distance (1067 meters) <br>little village <br>proprietor, owner <br>30 morgs (36 acres) <br>peasant <br>Italian <br>grandson <br>granddaughter <br>grandchild <br>water <br>dropsy, edema <br>military <br>province <br>military <br>free, not a serf, unmarried <br>together with, with <br>of September <br>east <br>of the village <br>in the midst of <br>initially, temporarily <br>but <br>all <br>at that time <br>Tuesday <br>uncle (maternal) <br>extract <br>published <br>performed, did, accomplished <br>statement <br>dayworker, laborer <br>high <br>religion <br>upper <br>hill <br>remarks
|}
|}


<br>
=== X  ===
 
===Ю===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|юг
|south
|-
|южный
|southern
|-
|-
|юрист
| xiądz <br>xięga
|lawyer
| priest <br>book
|}
|}


<br>
=== Z  ===
 
===Я===


{| width="70%" border="1"
{| class="FCK__ShowTableBorders" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="100%"
|-
| width="25%" |'''Russian'''
|'''English'''
|-
|Я
|I
|-
|явиться; явился, явилась<br>
|to appear; appeared (m., f.)<br>
|-
|-
|январь<br>
| z <br>[z (Surname +ending)] <br>za <br>zachód <br>żaden (żadna) <br>żadna <br>zagrodnik <br>zamek <br>zamężna <br>zamieszkały <br>zamieszkanie <br>zapalenie płuc <br>zapowiedź <br>zaręczona <br>zaręczyny <br>zarwarli <br>zarząd <br>zaślubiać<br>zaślubiony <br>zaślużony <br>zastępca <br>zaszło <br>zatem <br>zatrudnienie <br>zawarli <br>zawarte <br>zawartość <br>zawarty <br>zawód <br>zawsze <br>zdrój <br>że <br>[ze (surname+ending] <br>ze <br>żebrak <br>zejść <br>żeńska <br>zeszły <br>zezwolenie (zgoda) <br>zgon <br>zgromadzony <br>zięć<br>zielony <br>ziemia <br>złoty <br>zmarł<br>zniszczenie <br>znowu <br>zobacz <br>żołnierz <br>żona <br>zostający <br>został <br>zostawił<br>zrobiony <br>zrodzony <br>zwany <br>zwrot <br>życie <br>życzenie <br>żydowski <br>żyjący
|January<br>
| with, from <br>[maiden name] <br>to <br>west <br>none <br>none <br>peasant, farmer who has his farmhouse <br>palace, castle <br>wife, a married woman, married <br>residing at <br>residence <br>pneumonia <br>marriage proclamations, banns <br>engaged <br>engagement, betrothal <br>they agreed <br>administration <br>to marry <br>married <br>in servitude, serf <br>assistance <br>happened, occurred <br>then, therefore <br>occupation, profession <br>they agreed, contracted <br>agreed <br>content <br>agreed, contracted <br>occupation, profession <br>always <br>spring, spa <br>with, from <br>[maiden name] <br>that (know that he died) <br>beggar <br>death <br>female <br>preceding <br>permission <br>death <br>gathered, collected <br>son-in-law <br>green <br>earth <br>gold, unit of money <br>died, deceased <br>destruction <br>again <br>see <br>soldier <br>wife <br>residing, staying <br>was, accomplished, remained, left <br>left behind <br>written (in a document) <br>born <br>called, known as <br>application, remark <br>life, age <br>desire, wish <br>Jewish <br>living
|}
|}


<br>
[[Category:Poland]] [[Category:Word_List|Polish Language]] [[Category:Germany|Polish Language]] [[Category:Russia|Polish Language]] [[Category:Belarus|Polish Language]] [[Category:United_States|Polish Language]] [[Category:Wisconsin|Polish Language]] [[Category:Illinois|Polish Language]] [[Category:Czech_Republic|Polish Language]] [[Category:Slovakia|Polish Language]] [[Category:Ukraine|Polish Language]] [[Category:Lithuania|Polish Language]]
 
[[Category:Poland Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Language and Handwriting]]  
[[Category:Word List]]  
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Revision as of 14:30, 5 August 2013


Back to Russia►

The Russian Genealogical Word List contains Russian words and their English translations for many words that are found in documents used to research Russian ancestors. If the word (or some form of it) you are looking for is not on this list, please consult a Russian-English dictionary.

Alphabetical Order[edit | edit source]

Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ee Ёё Жж Зз Ии Йй Kk Лл Mм Нн Oo Пр Pp Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ьь Ээ Юю Яя


General Word List[edit | edit source]

This general word list includes words commonly seen in genealogical sources.  Numbers, months, and days of the week are listed both here and in the separate sections prior to this list.

In this list, optional versions of Polish words or variable endings (such as some plural or feminine endings) are given in parentheses.  Some Polish phrases and their translations are listed [in brackets] under the most significant Polish word, not the first word, of the phrase.  Words in parentheses in the English column clarify the definition.

Click the letter below to get to the words starting with that letter.
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U W X Z
 

A[edit | edit source]

Polish English
aby so that
adoptowany adopted
akatolicki non-Catholic
akta małżenstw,
akta ślubów 		marriage records
akta urodzin birth records
akta zapowiedzi banns records
akta zejść death records
akta zgonów death records
akuszerka midwife
albo or
ale but
aptekarz dispensing chemist, pharmacist
archiwum archive
arendarz lease-holder, innkeeper
artysta artist
asystencya assistance
austriacki Austrian
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

 

B[edit | edit source]

Polish English
babka grandmother 
bakalarz teacher, bachelor
bałtycki Baltic
bankier banker
będą they will
będzie he/she/it will
belfer assistant melamed (teacher) in a Cheder (Hebrew elementary school)
bez without
bezdzietny childless
bezimienny unnamed, nameless
białoruski Belorussian
biały white
biegunka diarrhea, dysentery
bierzmowanie confirmation
bieżący
roku biezacego 		current
of the current year
biskup bishop 
blacharz plumber, tinker, or tinsmith
bliski near
bliżnięta twins
błogosławil blessed
błogosławiony blessed, the late
bo because
Bóg the Lord
bólu of pain
bożnica synagogue
Boży the Lord's
bracia brothers
brak lack of, is missing
brat brother
bratanek nephew
bratanica niece
bratowa sister-in-law
browarnik brewer
brukarz paver
brzemienna pregnant
bufetowy bartender
burmistrz mayor
być to be
był (byłi) was (were)
Words starting with:
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Z

 

 C[edit | edit source]

Polish English
cały entire
ceglarz brick maker
cesarski imperial
cesarstwo empire
chałupnik,
chałupnikow 		cottager, poor peasant, serf,
of serfs
chce he wants
chłop peasant, country fellow
chłopiec boy
choroba disease
chrzczony christened
chrzest christening
chrzestna, chrzestny godparent(s)
chwilowo temporarily
ciocia (ciotka) aunt
cmentarz cemetery, churchyard
co what
córka daughter
cudzoziemski foreign
cukrzyca diabetes
cyrkul district (of a city), ward
cyrulnik barber-surgeon
czarny black
czas time
czasopismo magazine, periodical
czasowo temporarily
czemu why
czerwca of June
czerwony red
część part, portion
czeski Czech
często often
członek member
czterdzieści forty
czterdziesty fortieth
czterechsetny four hundredth
czternaście fourteen
czternasty fourteenth
cztery four
czterysetny four hundredth
czterysta four hundred
czwartek Thursday
czwarty fourth
czy whether (introduces a question)
czyli or
czynszownik renter

<img class="FCK__MWTemplate" src="https://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/extensions/FCKeditor/fckeditor/editor/images/spacer.gif" _fckfakelement="true" _fckrealelement="0" _fck_mw_template="true">

D[edit | edit source]

data
dawniej
dekanat
diecezja
difteria
dla 
długi
dnia
doba
dobra
dobry
dodatek
dolina
dom
  [z domu] 
datąd 
dowód
drobny
drugi
drugiego
drzewo genealogiczne 
duży 
dwa 
dwadzieścia 
dwadzieścia dziewięć 
dwadzieścia cztery 
dwadzieścia dwa 
dwadzieścia jeden 
dwadzieścia osiem 
dwadzieścia pięć 
dwadzieścia siedem 
dwadzieścia sześć 
dwadzieścia trzy 
dwanaście 
dwieście
dwóch imion 
dwódziesty
dwór
dwudziesty
dwudziesty czwarty
dwudziesty drugi
dwudziesty ósmy
dwudziesty piąty
dwudziesty pierwszy
dwudziesty siódmy
dwudziesty szósty
dwudziesty trzeci
dwunasty
dwusetny (dwóchsetny)
dyarya
dziad (dziadek) 
dział 
dzieciątko 
dziecię (dziecko)
dziedzic
dziedzictwo
dziedzieczenie 
dzień  
dziesiąty  
dziesięć 
dziewczę (dziewczyna) 
dziewiąty
dziewię dziewiąty 
dziewięć 
dziewięćdziesiąt(y) 
dziewięćset(ny)  
dziewiętnaście 
dziewiętnasty 
dziś (dzisiaj)
dzisiejszy 		date
formerly
deanery, division of a diocese
diocese
diphtheria
for
long
on the day
time period of 24 hours
estate
good
supplement, addition
valley
house
  [maiden name, from the house of]
until now, still
proof
minor, small
second
on the second
family tree
great, big
two
twenty
twenty-nine
twenty-four
twenty-two
twenty-one
twenty-eight
twenty-five
twenty-seven
twenty-six
twenty-three
twelve
two hundred
having two given names
twentieth
estate
twentieth
twenty-fourth
twenty-second
twenty-eighth
twenty-fifth
twenty-first
twenty-seventh
twenty-sixth
twenty-third
twelfth
two hundredth
diarrhea
grandfather, old man, beggar
portion, share
infant
child
heir, country gentleman
heritage, inheritance
inheritance
day
tenth
ten
girl
ninth
twenty-ninth
nine
ninety (ninetieth)
nine hundred(th)
nineteen
nineteenth
today
today's

E[edit | edit source]

emigracja
ewangelicki 		emigration
Evangelical, Lutheran

F[edit | edit source]

familia
farbiarz
febra
felczer
folwark
fornal
fryzjer 		family
dyer
fever
medical assistant
manor farm
farm wagon driver
barber

G[edit | edit source]

garbarz
gdy
gdzie
glisty
glówny
gmina
godny
godzina
golarz
góra
gorączka
górny
gorzelnia
gospodarz
granica
grecko-katolicki
gromada
grudnia
grunt
gubernia 		tanner
when
where
intestinal worms
main
township, community
worthy
hour
barber
mountain, hill
fever
upper
distillery
farmer (self-sustaining)
border
Greek-Catholic, Uniate (Greek rite, but under a Roman Pope)
group, cluster, hamlet, community
of December
land, property
Russian province

H[edit | edit source]

handlarz
herb
historia 		peddler, merchant
coat of arms
history

I[edit | edit source]

i
ich
imię (imiona)
imigracja
inaczej
inny
itd.
iż
izraelici 		and
their
given name(s)
immigration
otherwise, alias
other
and so forth
that (know that he died)
Jews

J[edit | edit source]

jak
jak duzo
jaki
jeden
jedenaście
jedenasty
jedna
jednak
jego
jej
jest
jesteście
jesteśmy
jeszcze
jezioro
język
jutro
już 		how, as
as much
what kind of
one
eleven
eleventh
one
but
his
her
is
you are
we are
still, yet
lake
language
morning, tomorrow
already

K[edit | edit source]

karta
kaszel
katolicki
kawaler
każdy
kiedy
kilometr
kobieta
kogo
kolek
kolki
koło
kolonista
komornik
końcowy
konfirmacja
koniec
konsumpcja ciała
konto
konwulsje
korcarz
kościół
kowal
kraj
krajowy
kramarz
krawiec
krewny
król
królestwo
królewski
krolowa
krwotek
ksiądz
księga
księstwo
kto
który
kum
kuma
kunszt
kupiec
kupił
kuzyn
kuzynka
kwartał
kwietnia 		page
cough
Catholic
bachelor
each, every
when
kilometer
woman, wife
whom
of cramps
colic
around, near, by
colonist, settler
tenant, poor peasant
final, last
confirmation
end
consumption, tuberculosis
account
convulsions
grain merchant
church
smith
region, area, country
local
stall keeper, merchant
tailor
blood-relative
king
kingdom
royal
queen
bleeding, hemorrhage
priest
book
principality, duchy
who
which, who
godfather
godmother
trade, occupation
shopkeeper, merchant
he bought
cousin (male)
cousin (female)
quarter (of a year or city)
of April

L[edit | edit source]

łacisński
las
lata
lecz
lesnik
lewy
liczący
[lat ... liczący]
linia
lipca
listopada
litewski
łotewski
łoże
[nieprawego loza]
lub
lud
ludność
lutego 		Latin
forest, woods
years
but
forester
left
counting
[... years old]
line, lineage
of July
of November
Lithuanian
Latvian
status of legitimacy, bed
[illegitimate]
or
people
population
of February

M[edit | edit source]

ma
macocha
mączarz
madziarski
maja
mają
mający
[lat ... mający]
majątek
majętny
majster
malarz
małoletni
mały
małżenstwo
małżonek
małżonka
małżonków
[małżonków Kowalskich]
mapa
marca
martwo urodzony
matka
mąż
menonici
męski
metryka
męża
miał
miano
mianowicie
miasteczko
miasto
mieć
między
miejsce
miejscowość
mieście
miesiąc
mieszkający
mieszkanie
mieszkaniec
mleczarz
młodszy
młody
[pan młody]
[panna młoda]
mlodzian (młodziniec)
młyn
młynarz
mniejszy
modlitwa
[dom modlitwy]
mojzeszowy
mórg
most
może
mumoze
mularz, murarz
mylnie
myś liwy 		has
stepmother
miller
Hungarian
of May
they have
having
[... years old]
property
wealthy, property-owning
master craftsman
painter
not of legal age
small, little
marriage
husband
wife
of the married couple
[the Kowalski married couple]
map
of March
stillborn
mother
husband, man
Mennonites
male
certificate, record
of the husband
he had
name
that means, namely
small town
city
to have
between
place, locality
locality
town
month
residing
residence
inhabitant, resident, citizen
dairyman
younger
young
[bridegroom]
[bride]
young man
mill
miller
lesser, smaller, shorter
prayer
[house of prayer, synagogue]
Jewish
morg (1.2 acres)
bridge
maybe
to him
mason (bricklayer)
mistakenly, erroneously
hunter

N[edit | edit source]

na
nad
nadać
nadane
najemnik
najmlodszy
najstarszy
należał
należy
nam
naocznie
naoczny świadek
naprzód
narodzony
narzeczona
narzeczony
nas
następny
nasz
na teraz
naturalny
natychmiast
nauczyciel
nawiązanie
nazwana
nazwisko
nerwowa gorączka
nic
nich
nie
niedaleko
niedziela
niegdy (niegdyś)
niemiecki
niemowlę
niepiełnoletni
nieprawy
nieślubny
nie teraz
niewiadomy
niezamężna
nieznajomy
nieżonaty
nieżyący
nigdy
nim
niniejszy
niski
niższy
noc
nowozaśubiona
nowozaślubiony
nowożeńcy
nowy
numer 		on, at, around
above, upon
to give
was given
day laborer
youngest
oldest, eldest
belonged to
belongs
to us
by eyewitness
eyewitness
in front of
born
betrothed, bride
betrothed, groom
us
next
our
temporarily
illegitimate
immediately
schoolteacher, teacher
reference
named
surname
typhoid fever
nothing
them
not, no
not far from
Sunday, week
deceased, former, the late
German
infant
not of legal age, minor
illegitimate
unmarried, illegitimate
not yet
unknown
unmarried woman
unknown
unmarried man
deceased, not living
never
him
this, the present
low, short
lower
night
newlywed bride
newlywed groom
newlyweds
new
number

O[edit | edit source]

o
ob.
obecność
oberżysta
obrzęd
obrzezanie
obszar
obydwaj
obywatel
ochrzczony
od
odbyty
odmienny
odpowiadać
odra
odwrócenie
oglasał
ogrodnik
ojciec
ojczym
okazał
około
okręg
okupnik
olejów
on
ona
onegdajszy
oni
opatrzony
opiekun
opis
opłata
opuchlizna
oraz
osada
osiadły
osiem
osiemdziesiąt(y)
osiemnaście
osiemnasty
osiemset(ny)
osłabienie
ósmy
osoba
ospa
ostatni
oświadczenie
oświadczył 
otrzymał
owdowiałla
owdowiały
ozenił sie
ożeniony 		about, concerning
see
presence
tavern keeper
rite, ceremony
circumcision
area
both
inhabitant, citizen
christened, baptized
from, since
performed
various
to reply
measles
conversion
announced, published
poor peasant, crofter, gardener
father
stepfather
showed
about, around
precinct, district
local resident
of oil
he
she
day before yesterday
they
provided
guardian
description
fee, cost
dropsy, edema, swelling
and, also
large settlement
settled (at), residing (at)
eight
eighty (eightieth)
eighteen
eighteenth
eight hundred(th)
weakness
eighth
person
of smallpox
last, recent
statement
declared, testified
received
widowed
widowered
married a wife
married

P[edit | edit source]

pan
pani
panna
pański
[roku pańskiego]
państwowy
parafia
parobek
pasierb
pasterz
października
pełnoletność 
piątek
piąty
pięć 
pięćdziesiąt(y)
pięćset(ny)
piekarz
pierwszego
pierwszy
piętnaście
piętnasty
pisać
pismo
płci męskiej
płci żeńskiej
płeć
po
pochowanie
pod
podatek
podług
podobny
podpis
podpisany
podrzutek
podwójny
pogrzeb
pogrzebany
pól
pólnoc
połóg
polski
południe
pomorski
poniedziałek
ponieważ
poprzedni
poprzedzil
posiada
poślubił
poszukiwanie
potem
potok
pow. (powiat)
powinowaty
powyższe
pozostały
pozostawi
pozwolenie ł
prababa (prababka)
pracowity
pradziadek
prawdopodobnie
prawego łoża
prawny
prawo
prawosławny
prawowity
prawy
proboszcz
prośba
prosimy
protestancki
pruski
przed
przedtem
przekonal
przesłany
przeszły
[roku przeszlłego]
przez
przodem
przodków
przy
przyczyna
przyjaciel
przypadek
[z bojazni przypadku]
przyrodni
przytomność
przyzwolenie
puchlina 		sir, Mr., Lord
lady, Mrs.
maiden, Miss
Lord's
[in the year of our Lord]
state, of the state
parish
farmworker
stepchild
herdsman
of October
age of consent, legal age
Friday
fifth
five
fifty (fiftieth)
five hundred(th)
baker
on the first
first
fifteen
fifteenth
to write
letter, correspondence
male
female
gender, sex
after
burial
under
tax
according to
similar
signature
signed
foundling
duplicate
burial
buried
half
midnight, north
childbirth, labor
Polish
noon, south
Pomeranian
Monday
because
previous
preceded
has, is in possession of
married
research, search of
after
stream
district
relative
previously mentioned
left behind, surviving
left behind, was survived by
permission
great-grandmother
diligent, hard-working
great-grandfather
in all likelihood, probably
legitimate
legal
law, right
orthodox
legitimate
right, true
parish priest
request
we request
Protestant
Prussian
in front of, before
before
convinced
sent
preceding
[of the preceding year]
by
before
of ancestors
by, with, during
cause, reason
friend
circumstance, occurrence, case
[for fear of the circumstance (i.e., emergency baptism)]
step-, half-, (as in stepbrother, half brother)
presence
consent
dropsy, edema, swellling

R[edit | edit source]

r. (roku)
rabin
rak
rano
raz
[drugi raz]
razem
reformowany
religia
religijny
robotnik
rocznik
roczny
ród
rodowód
rodzeństwo
rodzice
rodzice chrzestni
rodzina
rok
rolnik
rosyjski
również
rozwiedziony
rozwód
ruski
rybak
rynek
rządowy
rzeka
rzezak, rzeźnik
rzymsko-katolicki 		in the year
rabbi
cancer
in the morning
once, time
[second time]
together
Reformed Protestant, Calvinist
religion
religious, of the church
worker
yearbook
annual
family, clan, descent
genealogy, pedigree
sibling
parents
godparents
family
year
tenant farmer, husbandman, farmer
Russian
also, too
divorced
divorce
Russian, Ruthenian, Ukrainian
fisherman
marketplace
governmental
river
butcher, circumciser (mohel)
Roman Catholic

S[edit | edit source]

są
sąd
samy
sąsiad
setny
się
siedem
siedemdziesiat
siedemnaście
siedemnasty
siedemset(ny)
sierota
sierpnia
siódmy
sioło
siostra
siostrzenica
siostrzeniec
składał
skończył
skorowidz
skurcze
skutek
słabość
słaby
śląski
sławetny
slawny
słowacki
słownik
ślub
ślubny
sługa
służąca
służący
śmierć
snać
sobie
sobota
spażenie
spis
spłodzone
społeczeństwo
sprzedarz
średni
środa
środek
stan
starość
starosta
starozakonny
starszy
stary
stawiający się
stawił się
stelmach
sto
stolarz
stolica
strona
stryj
stulecie
stycznia
suchoty
sukiennik
swiadectwo
świadek
swięty
swój (swego)
swója (swojei)
syn
synagoga
synowa
synowie
sześć
sześćdziesąit(y)
sześćset(ny)
szesnaście
szesnasty
szewc
szkarlatyna
szkoła
szkolnik
szlachecki (szlachety)
szlachta
szlub
szósty
szwagier
szwagierka
szynkarz 		they are
court
same
neighbor
one hundredth
self
seven
seventy
seventeen
seventeenth
seven hundred(th)
orphan
of August
seventh
village
sister
niece
nephew
submitted, presented
completed
index
cramps
cause
weakness, sickness
weak
Silesian
renowned
famous
Slovak
dictionary
marriage, wedding
married, wedded, legitimate
servant
servant girl
serving
death
perhaps
self
Saturday
burn
list, census, index
begotten, born
society
merchant, dealer
cental, middle, average
Wednesday
middle
status, condition
old age
perfect
Jew (Orthodox)
older, elder
old
the one presenting himself
presented himself, appeared
cart maker, wheel maker
hundred
cabinetmaker
capital city
page
uncle (paternal)
century
of January
consumption, tuberculosis
cloth-maker
certificate
witness
holy
his, her own
his, her own
son
synagogue
daughter-in-law
sons
six
sixty (sixtieth)
six hundred(th)
sixteen
sixteenth
shoemaker
scarlet fever
school
rabbi's assistant, teacher
noble
nobility
see slub
sixth
brother-in-law
sister-in-law
tavern keeper

T[edit | edit source]

t. (tom)
taki
także
tam
tamowanie
tamtejszy
tamże
targownik
tego (tegoż)
tej (tejże)
ten (ta, też)
teść
tężec
tkacz
to
tom
towarzystwo
trudniący się
trzeci
trzy
trzydzieści
trzydziesty
trzymał
[trzymał do chrztu]
trzynaście
trzynasty
trzysetny (trzechsetny)
trzysta
tu
tudzież
tutaj
tutejszy
twierdza
tydzień
tygodnie
tylko
tysiąc
tysięczny
tytuł 		volume
such as
also
there
opposition, objection
of that place
in the same place
peddler
this, the same
this, the same
this, the same
father-in-law
tetanus
weaver
it, this
volume
society
earning a living
third
three
thirty
thirtieth
held, kept
[stood as godparents]
thirteen
thirteenth
three hundredth
three hundred
here
also, likewise
here
of this place
fortress
week
weeks
only
thousand
one thousandth
title, name

U[edit | edit source]

ubogi
ukraijnski
ul. (ulica)
umarł
umieją
umowa
umrzeć
uprzejmie
urodzenie
urodził się
urodzin
urodzony
urząd
urząd stanu cywilnego
urzędnik
ustny
utrzymajacy się
uwagi 		poor
Ukrainian
street, road
died
they know how
contract, agreement
to die
politely
birth
was born
of births
born, wellborn (noble)
office
civil registration office
registrar, officer, clerk
verbal, oral
supporting self (by)
remarks

W[edit | edit source]

w
w. (wieku)
waleczny
was
wasz
wcześnie
wczoraj
wczorajszy
wdowa
[wdowa po Józefie]
wdowiec
we
według
węgierski
wiadomo
wiadomość
wiadomy
wieczorem
wiek
wielki
wielmożny
wielu
wierzchni
wieś
wikarjusz (wikary)
wiorst (wierst)
wioska
właściciel
włóka
włościanin
włoski
wnuczek
wnuczka
wnuk
woda
wodna puchlina
wojenny
województwo
wojskowy
wolny
wraz
września
wschód
wsi
wśród
wśtępnie
wszakże
wszystko
wtedy
wtorek
wuj (wujek)
wyciąg
wydany
wykonał
wyrażenie
wyrobnik
wysoki
wyznania
wyższy
wzgórze
wzmianki 		in
century
courageous, gallant
you
your
early
yesterday
yesterday's
widow
[widow of Józef]
widower
in
according to
Hungarian
it is known
knowledge
known
in the evening
age, century
great, large
powerful noble, magnate
many, much
upper
village
vicar, priest
a measurement of distance (1067 meters)
little village
proprietor, owner
30 morgs (36 acres)
peasant
Italian
grandson
granddaughter
grandchild
water
dropsy, edema
military
province
military
free, not a serf, unmarried
together with, with
of September
east
of the village
in the midst of
initially, temporarily
but
all
at that time
Tuesday
uncle (maternal)
extract
published
performed, did, accomplished
statement
dayworker, laborer
high
religion
upper
hill
remarks

X[edit | edit source]

xiądz
xięga 		priest
book

Z[edit | edit source]

z
[z (Surname +ending)]
za
zachód
żaden (żadna)
żadna
zagrodnik
zamek
zamężna
zamieszkały
zamieszkanie
zapalenie płuc
zapowiedź
zaręczona
zaręczyny
zarwarli
zarząd
zaślubiać
zaślubiony
zaślużony
zastępca
zaszło
zatem
zatrudnienie
zawarli
zawarte
zawartość
zawarty
zawód
zawsze
zdrój
że
[ze (surname+ending]
ze
żebrak
zejść
żeńska
zeszły
zezwolenie (zgoda)
zgon
zgromadzony
zięć
zielony
ziemia
złoty
zmarł
zniszczenie
znowu
zobacz
żołnierz
żona
zostający
został
zostawił
zrobiony
zrodzony
zwany
zwrot
życie
życzenie
żydowski
żyjący 		with, from
[maiden name]
to
west
none
none
peasant, farmer who has his farmhouse
palace, castle
wife, a married woman, married
residing at
residence
pneumonia
marriage proclamations, banns
engaged
engagement, betrothal
they agreed
administration
to marry
married
in servitude, serf
assistance
happened, occurred
then, therefore
occupation, profession
they agreed, contracted
agreed
content
agreed, contracted
occupation, profession
always
spring, spa
with, from
[maiden name]
that (know that he died)
beggar
death
female
preceding
permission
death
gathered, collected
son-in-law
green
earth
gold, unit of money
died, deceased
destruction
again
see
soldier
wife
residing, staying
was, accomplished, remained, left
left behind
written (in a document)
born
called, known as
application, remark
life, age
desire, wish
Jewish
living
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