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== History  ==


=== History  ===
Lake Superior is a special place for the '''Lake Superior Chippewa'''. According to tradition the Chippewa's migrated from the east coast to Lake Superior. After reaching the eastern shores of Lake Superior they may have agreed to distribute land among themselves. One branch moved to southern Michigan. They are the [[Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan]]. They are also known as the Sac and Sauk.


Lake Superior is a special place for the '''Lake Superior Chippewa'''. According to tradition the Chippewas migrated from the east coast to Lake Superior. After reaching the eastern shores of Lake Superior they may have agreed to distribute land among themselves. One branch moved to southern Michigan. They are the [[Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan]]. They are also known as the Sac and Sauk.  
Another branch moved west into what is now the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Included among them are the [[Menominee Indians]]. They also colonized northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. Either the Chippewa's from northern Wisconsin or southern Michigan, colonized southern Wisconsin.  


Another branch moved west into what is now the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Included among them are the [[Menominee Indians]]. They also colonized northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. Either the Chippewas from northern Wisconsin or southern Michigan are believed to have colonized southern Wisconsin.  
Another branch moved to the northern shores of Lake Superior which the Chippewa call G[[Kitchi Gami|itchi Gami]]. They were not as numerous as the Chippewa's from the Lower Penisula of Michigan, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Their totems were largely non military but that changed after the whites invaded.  


Another branch moved to the northern shores of Lake Superior which the Chippewa call Gitchi Gami. They were not as numerous as the Chippewas from the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Their totems were largely non military but that changed after the whites began to move into the area. It is believed that the [[Cree Indians]] lived north of the Chippewas who lived north of Lake Superior. Hudson Bay Company kept details about the indigenous people in that region. They indicated that the Cree did not use totems or clans. If that information is correct it means the Cree are not Algonquian. All Algonquians used totems or clans. We do know the Swampy Cree or James Bay Cree and Woodland Cree, used totems or clans. The James Bay Cree are obviously Chippewa.  
They did not migrate to the Lake Superior region in the 1500s. Ojibway authors from the 19th century wrote of the Chippewa's forcing their way east from the west. George Copway wrote that the Chippewa's from the Minnesota region, commenced to colonize the land east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, around 1634 and 1635. They had to fight the Lakota who contested the Chippewa military advance which either means the Lakota lived between the Chippewa's of Minnesota and Chippewa's from Michigan, or the Lakota invaded from the south.  


They did not migrate to the Lake Superior region in the 1500s. Ojibway authors from the 19th century wrote of the Chippewas forcing their way east from the west. George Copway wrote that the Chippewas from the Minnesota region colonized the land east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, around 1634 and 1635. They had to fight the Lakota who contested the Chippewa military advance into those lands.  
William W. Warren wrote that the Chippewa's waged a war against the Lakota of Minnesota in the early 17th century. Warren learned the Chippewa's counted one generation as being 40 years. Read his book carefully. Either the Chippewa's were forcing their way east from North Dakota or even Montana, west to Lake Superior, or an unknown event has been lost which could have provided the details of this Chippewa military advance to the east. Warren also wrote that the Chippewa's forced their way to the east from the west.  


William W. Warren wrote that the Chippewas waged a war against the Lakota of Minnesota in the early 17th century. Warren learned the Chippewas counted one generation as being 40 years. Either the Chippewas were forcing their way east from North Dakota or even Montana, west to Lake Superior, or an unknown event has been lost which could have provided the details of this Chippewa military advance to the east. Warren also wrote that the Chippewas forced their way to the east from the west.
Of the Chippewa Districts, the '''Lake Superior Chippewa District '''may have been the oldest. On the west was the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] District. To their northwest was the [[Saulteaux Indians]] District and to the west of the Pembina Chippewa's District was the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District.  
 
Of the Chippewa Districts, the '''Lake Superior Chippewa District '''may have been the oldest. On the west was the [[Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians]] District. To their northwest was the [[Saulteaux Indians]] District and to the west of the Pembina Chippewa's District was the [[Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana]] District.  


Throughout the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the '''Lake Superior Chippewa's '''were constantly at war against the whites and their Indian allies. By the late 19th century and early 20th century, they had signed treaties with Canada and the United States, which ceded land and established Reservations.  
Throughout the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the '''Lake Superior Chippewa's '''were constantly at war against the whites and their Indian allies. By the late 19th century and early 20th century, they had signed treaties with Canada and the United States, which ceded land and established Reservations.  
Line 21: Line 19:
'''16th century:'''  
'''16th century:'''  


It is believed that the first contact with the whites probably happened in Quebec. It was not a peaceful meeting and there was ever increasing resistance to the continuing settlement of whites into lands that had been owned by the native Americans in the past. In either the 1530s or 1540s, the Dutch and French established trading posts in Quebec and New York. They were destroyed and the whites forced to leave the area.  
First contact with the whites probably happened in Quebec. It was not peaceful. Ojibway leaders knew from prophecy that the whites had evil intentions. And following prophecy they did let the whites let it be known the intentions of the whites. They quickly realized the intentions of the whites were evil. In either the 1530s or 1540s, the Dutch and French established trading posts in Quebec and New York. They were destroyed and the whites forced to leave the area.  


'''17th century:'''  
'''17th century:'''  


Very early in the 17th century, Europeans began to settle the eastern lands of North America. They were Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedes and English.  
Very early in the 17th century the white confederation invaded eastern North America. England had overthrown either a non white rule at England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales or a possible other scenario prevented England from invading the America's.. By the 1580s, England had been freed from the foe which controlled them. England quickly joined the other white nations who were invading the America's. They were the Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedes.
 
They formed alliances with non Algonquian Indians and launched a massive military campaign around 1629. From Florida to Quebec, the white confederation and their Indian allies had driven the eastern Chippewa's to near Lake Michigan. However, the Lake Superior Chippewa's were reinforced with large numbers of Chippewa soldiers from the west. They eventually drove the whites and their Indian allies back towards the Atlantic Coast.  


These early settlers formed alliances with non-Algonquian indigenous people and launched a military campaign around 1629. From Florida to Quebec, the white confederation and their Indian allies had driven the eastern Chippewas to near Lake Michigan. However, the Lake Superior Chippewas were reinforced with large numbers of Chippewa soldiers from the west. They eventually drove the European settlers and their Native American allies back towards the Atlantic Coast.  
By the 1660s, the white nations had agreed to merge with England. Back in Europe, the foe which had controlled England in the 16th century, was probably powerful enough to continue to flex their might in western Europe. The island of England was carefully fortified by the white confederation, who used the island as a military base to continue their invasion to the America's. France controlled southeastern Quebec, while England controlled New England to North Carolina. Spain controlled South Carolina to Florida. The region between Texas and Florida was controlled by each England, France, and Spain.  


'''18th century:'''  
'''18th century:'''  


By the 1760s, European settlers were making their way westward. England and France constructed trading posts inland from Hudson Bay in 1774. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the leaders of the '''Lake Superior Chippewa '''agreed to accept peace and cede land. Thus began the questionable "legal" but rarely "moral" acquisition of land by the white settlers and the US government. This time was a time of increasing turmoil between the white settlers and the native Americans as each was determined to gain or hold on to lands previously held. Native Americans, being outnumbered and out-gunned, were eventually defeated and moved (often only by force and with little to no thought to their safety or well-being) to reservation lands. To find records of the Native Americans who were moved, see:[[Trail of Tears|Trail of Tears]]. The reservation land was usually land that no one else wanted, usually with very few natural resources, and subsequently the native Americans suffered, and continue to suffer to this present time. This period of time in our American history has left negative memories for the indigent people who were here for centuries before the arrival of the Europeans.
Wars became more deadly as the 18th century progressed. In the first half of the 18th century, the Chippewa's kept the whites and their Indian allies confined along the coasts. By the 1760s, the whites led by England were forcing their way west. England commenced to build trading posts inland from Hudson Bay in 1774. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the leaders of the '''Lake Superior Chippewa '''agreed to accept peace and cede land.  
 
'''19th century:'''
 
In 1811, the English invaded Indiana which started the War of 1812. The '''Lake Superior Chippewa '''could not defeat the whites. After the war they ceded more land. Large numbers of '''Lake Superior Chippewa '''followed prophecy and migrated to the north, west, and south. Many stayed in their original land around the Great Lakes including in New York State.
 
==== Reservations ====
 
Bois Forte (Nett Lake) Reservation
 
Grand Portage Reservation
 
Fond du Lac Reservation
 
Mille Lacs Reservation
 
Bad River Reservation
 
Red Cliff Reservation
 
Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation
 
Lac du Flambeau Reservation
 
St. Croix Reservation
 
Menominee Reservation
 
Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation
 
Sokaogan Reservation
 
Forest County Reservation
 
Ho-Chunk Reservation
 
Oneida Reservation (Wisconsin)
 
Hannahville Reservation
 
L'Anse Reservation
 
Ontonagon Reservation
 
Keweenaw Bay Reservation
 
Sault Ste. Marie Reservation<span id="fck_dom_range_temp_1373072413953_444" />
 
Little Traverse Bay Reservation
 
Grand Traverse Reservation
 
Little RIver Reservation
 
Isabelle Reservation
 
Huron Reservation
 
Pokagon Reservation
 
Allegany Reservation
 
Cattaraugas Reservation
 
Oil Springs Reservation
 
Oneida Reservation (New York)
 
Onondaga Reservation
 
Poospatuck Reservation
 
St. Regis Reservation
 
Shinnecock Reservation
 
Tonawanda Reservation
 
Tuscarora Reservation
 
Batchewana
 
Thessalon
 
Mississauga
 
Serpent River
 
Sagamok
 
Whitefish River
 
Zhiibaahaasing
 
Sheshegwaning
 
M'Chigeeng
 
Sheguiandah
 
Aundeck Omni
 
Wikwemikong
 
Chippewas of Nawash
 
Saugeen
 
Beausoleil


==== Reservations  ====
Chippewas of Rama


Grand Portage Reservation
Chippewas of Georgina Island


Fond du Lac Reservation
Scugog Island


Bad River Reservation
Alderville


Red Cliff Reservation
Hiawatha


Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation
Curve Lake


Lac du Flambeau Reservation
Bay of Quinte Mohawks


St. Croix Reservation
Wahta Mohawk


Menominee Reservation
Moose Deer Point


Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation
Wausauksing


Sokaogan Reservation
Shawanaga


Forest County Reservation
Magnetawan


Ho-Chunk Reservation
Henvey Inlet


Oneida Reservation (Wisconsin)
Dokis


Hannahville Reservation
Nipissing


L'Anse Reservation
Atikameksheng


Ontonagon Reservation
Wahnapitae


Keweenaw Bay Reservation
Temagami


Sault Ste. Marie Reservation
Pikwakanagan


Batchewana
Mattagami


Mississauga
Matachewan


Sagamok
Flying Post


Serpent River
Brunswick House


Thessalon
Chapleau 74A


Brunswick House
Chapleau 75


Chapleau 74A
Missanabie


Chapleau 75
Michipicoten


Missanabie
Wahgoshig


Michipicoten
Taykwa Tagomou


Pic Mobert
Moose Factory


Pic River
Moosonee


Pays Plat
Albany


Red Rock
Kashechewan


Fort William
Attawapiskat


Lac Des Mille Lacs
Pic Mobert


Whitesand
Pic River


Gull Bay
Pays Plat


Animbigoo Zagaigan
Red Rock


Bingwi Neyashi
Fort William


Biinjitiwabik Zaging
Lac Des Mille Lacs


Long Lake 58
Lac La Croix


Ginoogaming
Seine River


Constance Lake
Nigigoonsiminikaning


Aroland
Couchiching


Naicatchewenin


=== Tribal Headquarters  ===
Rainy River


=== Records  ===
Eagle Lake


The '''majority of records of individuals were those created by the agencies'''. Some records may be available to tribal members through the tribal headquarters.They were (and are) the local office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and were charged with maintaining records of the activities of those under their responsibility. Among these records are:<br>
Wabigoon Lake


*[[American Indian Allotment Records|Allotment records]]
Lac Seul
*[[American Indian Annuity Rolls|Annuity rolls]]
*[[American Indian Census Rolls|Census records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Correspondence]]
*[[American Indian Health Records|Health records]]
*[[American Indian Correspondence and Reports|Reports]]
*[[American Indian School Records|School census and records]]
*[[American Indian Vital Records Supplements in Census Rolls|Vital records]]


=== Treaties  ===
Ojibway of Saugeen


=== Important Websites  ===
Mishkeegogamang


=== References  ===
Slate Falls


[[Category:Indigenous Tribes of Michigan]]
Cat Lake

Revision as of 18:35, 5 July 2013

History[edit | edit source]

Lake Superior is a special place for the Lake Superior Chippewa. According to tradition the Chippewa's migrated from the east coast to Lake Superior. After reaching the eastern shores of Lake Superior they may have agreed to distribute land among themselves. One branch moved to southern Michigan. They are the Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan. They are also known as the Sac and Sauk.

Another branch moved west into what is now the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Included among them are the Menominee Indians. They also colonized northern Wisconsin and Minnesota. Either the Chippewa's from northern Wisconsin or southern Michigan, colonized southern Wisconsin.

Another branch moved to the northern shores of Lake Superior which the Chippewa call Gitchi Gami. They were not as numerous as the Chippewa's from the Lower Penisula of Michigan, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Their totems were largely non military but that changed after the whites invaded.

They did not migrate to the Lake Superior region in the 1500s. Ojibway authors from the 19th century wrote of the Chippewa's forcing their way east from the west. George Copway wrote that the Chippewa's from the Minnesota region, commenced to colonize the land east of Lake Superior and north of Lake Huron, around 1634 and 1635. They had to fight the Lakota who contested the Chippewa military advance which either means the Lakota lived between the Chippewa's of Minnesota and Chippewa's from Michigan, or the Lakota invaded from the south.

William W. Warren wrote that the Chippewa's waged a war against the Lakota of Minnesota in the early 17th century. Warren learned the Chippewa's counted one generation as being 40 years. Read his book carefully. Either the Chippewa's were forcing their way east from North Dakota or even Montana, west to Lake Superior, or an unknown event has been lost which could have provided the details of this Chippewa military advance to the east. Warren also wrote that the Chippewa's forced their way to the east from the west.

Of the Chippewa Districts, the Lake Superior Chippewa District may have been the oldest. On the west was the Pembina Band of Chippewa Indians District. To their northwest was the Saulteaux Indians District and to the west of the Pembina Chippewa's District was the Little Shell Band of Chippewa Indians, Montana District.

Throughout the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, the Lake Superior Chippewa's were constantly at war against the whites and their Indian allies. By the late 19th century and early 20th century, they had signed treaties with Canada and the United States, which ceded land and established Reservations.

Brief History[edit | edit source]

16th century:

First contact with the whites probably happened in Quebec. It was not peaceful. Ojibway leaders knew from prophecy that the whites had evil intentions. And following prophecy they did let the whites let it be known the intentions of the whites. They quickly realized the intentions of the whites were evil. In either the 1530s or 1540s, the Dutch and French established trading posts in Quebec and New York. They were destroyed and the whites forced to leave the area.

17th century:

Very early in the 17th century the white confederation invaded eastern North America. England had overthrown either a non white rule at England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales or a possible other scenario prevented England from invading the America's.. By the 1580s, England had been freed from the foe which controlled them. England quickly joined the other white nations who were invading the America's. They were the Dutch, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedes.

They formed alliances with non Algonquian Indians and launched a massive military campaign around 1629. From Florida to Quebec, the white confederation and their Indian allies had driven the eastern Chippewa's to near Lake Michigan. However, the Lake Superior Chippewa's were reinforced with large numbers of Chippewa soldiers from the west. They eventually drove the whites and their Indian allies back towards the Atlantic Coast.

By the 1660s, the white nations had agreed to merge with England. Back in Europe, the foe which had controlled England in the 16th century, was probably powerful enough to continue to flex their might in western Europe. The island of England was carefully fortified by the white confederation, who used the island as a military base to continue their invasion to the America's. France controlled southeastern Quebec, while England controlled New England to North Carolina. Spain controlled South Carolina to Florida. The region between Texas and Florida was controlled by each England, France, and Spain.

18th century:

Wars became more deadly as the 18th century progressed. In the first half of the 18th century, the Chippewa's kept the whites and their Indian allies confined along the coasts. By the 1760s, the whites led by England were forcing their way west. England commenced to build trading posts inland from Hudson Bay in 1774. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, the leaders of the Lake Superior Chippewa agreed to accept peace and cede land.

19th century:

In 1811, the English invaded Indiana which started the War of 1812. The Lake Superior Chippewa could not defeat the whites. After the war they ceded more land. Large numbers of Lake Superior Chippewa followed prophecy and migrated to the north, west, and south. Many stayed in their original land around the Great Lakes including in New York State.

Reservations[edit | edit source]

Bois Forte (Nett Lake) Reservation

Grand Portage Reservation

Fond du Lac Reservation

Mille Lacs Reservation

Bad River Reservation

Red Cliff Reservation

Lac Courte Oreilles Reservation

Lac du Flambeau Reservation

St. Croix Reservation

Menominee Reservation

Stockbridge-Munsee Reservation

Sokaogan Reservation

Forest County Reservation

Ho-Chunk Reservation

Oneida Reservation (Wisconsin)

Hannahville Reservation

L'Anse Reservation

Ontonagon Reservation

Keweenaw Bay Reservation

Sault Ste. Marie Reservation

Little Traverse Bay Reservation

Grand Traverse Reservation

Little RIver Reservation

Isabelle Reservation

Huron Reservation

Pokagon Reservation

Allegany Reservation

Cattaraugas Reservation

Oil Springs Reservation

Oneida Reservation (New York)

Onondaga Reservation

Poospatuck Reservation

St. Regis Reservation

Shinnecock Reservation

Tonawanda Reservation

Tuscarora Reservation

Batchewana

Thessalon

Mississauga

Serpent River

Sagamok

Whitefish River

Zhiibaahaasing

Sheshegwaning

M'Chigeeng

Sheguiandah

Aundeck Omni

Wikwemikong

Chippewas of Nawash

Saugeen

Beausoleil

Chippewas of Rama

Chippewas of Georgina Island

Scugog Island

Alderville

Hiawatha

Curve Lake

Bay of Quinte Mohawks

Wahta Mohawk

Moose Deer Point

Wausauksing

Shawanaga

Magnetawan

Henvey Inlet

Dokis

Nipissing

Atikameksheng

Wahnapitae

Temagami

Pikwakanagan

Mattagami

Matachewan

Flying Post

Brunswick House

Chapleau 74A

Chapleau 75

Missanabie

Michipicoten

Wahgoshig

Taykwa Tagomou

Moose Factory

Moosonee

Albany

Kashechewan

Attawapiskat

Pic Mobert

Pic River

Pays Plat

Red Rock

Fort William

Lac Des Mille Lacs

Lac La Croix

Seine River

Nigigoonsiminikaning

Couchiching

Naicatchewenin

Rainy River

Eagle Lake

Wabigoon Lake

Lac Seul

Ojibway of Saugeen

Mishkeegogamang

Slate Falls

Cat Lake

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