Thailand Languages: Difference between revisions

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{{CountrySidebar
=== Guidelines for Romanizing Thai Names  ===
|Country=Thailand
|Name=Thailand
|Type=Topic
|Topic Type=Background
|Background=Languages
|Rating=Standardized
}}{{breadcrumb
| link1=[[Thailand Genealogy|Thailand]]
| link2=
| link3=
| link4=
| link5=[[Thailand Languages|Languages]]
}}


==Description==
==== Vowels  ====
The official language spoken in Thailand is <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand#:~:text=official%20language%20of%20Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref>
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language '''Thai'''] - also known as '''Central Thai'''. Thai is used in government and education.
** belongs to the language family of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages Kra–Dai]. Thai is closely related to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lao_language Lao], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shan_language Shan], and several smaller languages in the area.


The Royal Thai Government recognizes 62 domestic languages in the country. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Thailand," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand, accessed 17 May 2023.</ref>
{| width="100%" border="1"
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Thailand#:~:text=following%20table%20comprises%20all%2062%20ethnolinguistic%20groups%20recognized%20by%20the%20Royal%20Thai%20Government List of Officially Recognized Languages divided into five language family groups]
|-
Top languages by population are
| '''Thai'''  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isan_language '''Isan'''] - also known as '''Northeastern Thai''', a Lao dialect. Spoken in the northeastern provinces. The largest of the minority languages.
| '''English'''  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Thai_language '''Kam Mueang'''] - also known as '''Northern Thai'''.
| '''Example'''  
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Thai_language '''Pak Tai'''] - also known as  '''Southern Thai''' and '''Dambro'''
| '''Example'''  
| '''Example'''  
| '''Example'''
|-
| ะ, ั, า
| a, ar
| ปาน - Parn
| สังวาลย์ - Sangwarn
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ิ,
| i
| กลิ่น - Glin
| ทิพย์ - Tip, Thip
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ี
| i, ee
| มี - Mee
| ศรี - See, Sri
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ึ, ื
| ue
| จือ - Jue
| ผึ้ง - Pueng
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| ุ, ู
| oo, u, uu
| บุญ - Boon
| กุล - Koon, Kul
| ตุย - Tui
| พฤกษ์ - Pruuk
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| แ, แ-ะ
| ae, a
| แก้ว - Kaew
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| เ, เ-ะ
| ai, e
| เสน - Sen, Sain
| เทพ - Tep, Thep
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|}


The national language of Thailand is Thai, spoken by about 53% of the population. Many more speak it as a second language.  Lao is spoken by about 27%, and Chinese 12%.  Malay is spoken by 4% and Khmer 3%.  English is widely used in business, as are many of the Chinese dialects.  Records were kept in Thai, Lao, Malay, Chinese and English.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Thailand,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 2001.</ref>
==== Consonants ====


==Word List(s)==
{| width="100%" border="1"
* [[Thai Genealogical Word List|Thai Genealogical Word List]]
|-
* Evans, Bruce. ''Thai phrasebook & dictionary.'' Carlton, Victoria: Lonely Planet Global Limited, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1052782748 WorldCat].
| width="25%" | '''Thai'''  
* Fanthorpe, Helen. ''Thai phrase book & dictionary.'' London: Berlitz Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083159489 WorldCat].
| '''English'''
* [https://omniglot.com/language/phrases/thai.php#:~:text=Useful%20Thai%20phrases Useful Thai phrases] - Omniglot
|-
* [https://theculturetrip.com/asia/thailand/articles/15-essential-thai-phrases-to-learn-before-you-visit-thailand/ Essential Phrases in Thailand] - Culture Trip
| ก, ข, ค, ฆ
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Thai/Vocabulary/Isan-basic-phrases Isan basic phrases] - Polyglot Wiki
| k, g
* [https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/Language/Northern-thai/Vocabulary/How-to-Say-Hello-and-Greetings Northern-thai Vocabulary] - Polyglot Wiki
|-
* [https://midtownratsada.com/southern-thai/central-thai-southern-thai-vocabulary-phrases Central Thai & Southern Thai Vocabulary & Phrases] - Hotel Midtown
| ง
| ng
|-
| 1
| 2
|-
| 1
| 2
|}


==Alphabet and Pronunciation==
=== Key Words  ===
'''Alphabet'''
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/thai.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet Thai alphabet] - Omniglot
* [https://omniglot.com/conscripts/satthaaksoonthaj.htm#:~:text=Latin%20alphabet%20for%20the%20Thai Latin alphabet for the Thai] - Omniglot
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/isan.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet%20for%20Isan Thai alphabet for Isan] - Omniglot
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/northernthai.htm Northern Thai (Kam Mueang)] - Omniglot


'''Pronunciation'''
To find and use specific types of Thai records, you will need to know some key words in Thai. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Thai words with the same or similar meanings.
* [https://omniglot.com/writing/thai.htm#:~:text=Thai%20alphabet%20and%20pronunciation Thai pronunciation] - Omniglot
* [https://forvo.com/languages/th/ Thai pronunciation dictionary] - Forvo


==Language Aids and Dictionaries==
For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Thai words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in Thai records to indicate marriage.  
'''Dictionaries'''
* Barmé, Scot, Pensi Najaithong, and Jintana Rattanakhemakorn. ''Mini Thai dictionary : Thai-English English-Thai.'' La Vergne: Tuttle Publishing, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1041075558 WorldCat].
* ''Collins Thai dictionary.'' Bishopbriggs, Glasgow: Collins, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1101418173 WorldCat].
* Rattanakhemakorn, Jintana and Scot Barmé. ''Essential Thai phrasebook & dictionary.'' Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing, 2019. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1083682027 WorldCat].
* Higbie, James. ''Lao-English, English-Lao dictionary and phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 2001. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/46918476 WorldCat].
* Higbie, James. ''Thai-English/English-Thai dictionary and phrasebook.'' New York: Hippocrene Books, 1999. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/41712147 WorldCat].


'''Online Dictionaries'''
{| width="100%" border="1"
* [https://glosbe.com/en/th Dictionary English - Thai] - Glosbe
|-
* [https://glosbe.com/en/tts Dictionary English - Northeastern Thai] - Glosbe
| width="25%" | '''English'''
* [https://glosbe.com/en/nod Dictionary English - Northern Thai] - Glosbe
| '''Thai'''
* [https://glosbe.com/en/sou Dictionary English - Southern Thai] - Glosbe
|-
 
| birth
'''Language Aids'''
| Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
* Michael. ''Essential Thai : Speak Thai With Confidence.'' n.p.: Tuttle Publishing, 2014. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/880412747 WorldCat].
|-
 
| burial
==Additional Resources==
| Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
* Higbie, James. ''Let's speak Lao.'' Bangkok, Thailand: Orchid Press, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://worldcat.org/title/1031918941 WorldCat].
|-
 
| Catholic
== References  ==
| katholisch
{{reflist}}
|-
 
| child
[[Category:Thailand]]
| Kind, Kinder
<references />
|-
| christening
| Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
|-
| confirmations
| Konfirmationen, Firmungen
|-
| civil registry
| Standesamt
|-
| death
| Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
|-
| father
| Vater
|-
| husband
| Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
|-
| index
| Verzeichnis, Register
|-
| Jewish
| jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
|-
| marriage banns
| Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
|-
| marriage
| Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
|-
| month
| Monat
|-
| mother
| Mutter
|-
| name, given
| Vorname, Name
|-
| name, surname
| Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
|-
| parents
| Eltern
|-
| parish
| Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
|-
| Protestant
| evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
|-
| Reformed
| reformiert
|-
| wife
| Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
|-
| year
| Jahr
|}

Revision as of 20:25, 26 June 2013

Guidelines for Romanizing Thai Names[edit | edit source]

Vowels[edit | edit source]

Thai English Example Example Example Example
ะ, ั, า a, ar ปาน - Parn สังวาลย์ - Sangwarn    
ิ, i กลิ่น - Glin ทิพย์ - Tip, Thip    
ี i, ee มี - Mee ศรี - See, Sri    
ึ, ื ue จือ - Jue ผึ้ง - Pueng    
ุ, ู oo, u, uu บุญ - Boon กุล - Koon, Kul ตุย - Tui พฤกษ์ - Pruuk
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
แ, แ-ะ ae, a แก้ว - Kaew เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    
เ, เ-ะ ai, e เสน - Sen, Sain เทพ - Tep, Thep    

Consonants[edit | edit source]

Thai English
ก, ข, ค, ฆ k, g
ง ng
1 2
1 2

Key Words[edit | edit source]

To find and use specific types of Thai records, you will need to know some key words in Thai. This section gives key genealogical terms in English and the Thai words with the same or similar meanings.

For example, in the first column you will find the English word marriage. In the second column you will find Thai words with meanings such as marry, marriage, wedding, wedlock, unite, joined, and other words used in Thai records to indicate marriage.

English Thai
birth Geburten, Geburtsregister, Geborene, geboren
burial Beerdigungen, begraben, Begräbnisse, bestattet, beerdigt
Catholic katholisch
child Kind, Kinder
christening Taufe, Taufen, Getaufte
confirmations Konfirmationen, Firmungen
civil registry Standesamt
death Tote, Tod, sterben, starb, verstorben, gestorben, Sterbefall
father Vater
husband Mann, Ehemann, Gatte
index Verzeichnis, Register
Jewish jüdisch, Jude(n), israelitisch
marriage banns Proklamationen, Aufgebote, Verkündigungen
marriage Heiraten, Trauungen, Getraute, Ehe, Kopulation, kopulieren, verheiratet, Verehelichungen, Eheschliessungen
month Monat
mother Mutter
name, given Vorname, Name
name, surname Zuname, Familienname, Geschlechtsname, Name
parents Eltern
parish Pfarrei, Kirchspiel, Gemeinde
Protestant evangelisch, lutherisch, Protestant
Reformed reformiert
wife Frau, Ehegattin, Weib, Ehefrau, Hausfrau, Gattin
year Jahr
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