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'''Germans''' began coming to Pennsylvania in large numbers at the end of the 1600s. Pennsylvania was the top destination for German immigrants arriving in Colonial North America.<ref>Marianne Wokeck, "The Flow and the Composition of German Immigration to Philadelphia, 1727-1775," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 105, No. 3 (Jul. 1981):249-278. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> They settled first in the eastern counties and later migrated to western Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. Many Pennsylvania Germans also migrated later to North Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois.  
'''Germans''' began coming to Pennsylvania in large numbers at the end of the 1600s. Pennsylvania was the top destination for German immigrants arriving in Colonial North America.<ref>Marianne Wokeck, "The Flow and the Composition of German Immigration to Philadelphia, 1727-1775," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 105, No. 3 (Jul. 1981):249-278. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref> They settled first in the eastern counties and later migrated to western Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. Many Pennsylvania Germans also migrated later to North Carolina, Kentucky, Ohio, and Illinois.  
:*Kuhns, Oscar. ''The German and Swiss Settlements of Colonial Pennsylvania: A Study of the So-Called Pennsylvania Dutch.'' Ann Arbor, Mich.: Gryphon Books, 1971. Digital version at {{FSbook|937519}} - free.


'''Scots-Irish''' started coming in large numbers after 1718. They settled first in the Cumberland Valley area and later pushed into the western Pennsylvania counties of Westmoreland, Fayette, Washington, Greene, and Allegheny. Many Scotch-Irish eventually moved into southern states such as Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Kentucky. French Huguenot and Swiss families mingled with the Germans. Some Huguenots from New York migrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Berks and Lancaster counties. Swiss Mennonites began to settle in Lancaster county about 1710.  
'''Scots-Irish''' started coming in large numbers after 1718. They settled first in the Cumberland Valley area and later pushed into the western Pennsylvania counties of Westmoreland, Fayette, Washington, Greene, and Allegheny. Many Scotch-Irish eventually moved into southern states such as Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Kentucky. French Huguenot and Swiss families mingled with the Germans. Some Huguenots from New York migrated to Pennsylvania and settled in Berks and Lancaster counties. Swiss Mennonites began to settle in Lancaster county about 1710.  
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'''Irish''' Quakers came to Pennsylvania as early as the 17th Century. An outstanding historical study with brief biographies and names&nbsp;of extended family members remaining in Ireland,&nbsp;and which&nbsp;provides a summary of&nbsp;Irish&nbsp;Quaker emigration and migration to the state, is:&nbsp;[http://books.google.com/books?id=7ZedLPs2fj0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Immigration+of+Irish+Quakers+to+Pennsylvania,+1682-1750&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Immigration of Irish Quakers to&nbsp;Pennsylvania, 1682-1750'' ].  
'''Irish''' Quakers came to Pennsylvania as early as the 17th Century. An outstanding historical study with brief biographies and names&nbsp;of extended family members remaining in Ireland,&nbsp;and which&nbsp;provides a summary of&nbsp;Irish&nbsp;Quaker emigration and migration to the state, is:&nbsp;[http://books.google.com/books?id=7ZedLPs2fj0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Immigration+of+Irish+Quakers+to+Pennsylvania,+1682-1750&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Immigration of Irish Quakers to&nbsp;Pennsylvania, 1682-1750'' ].  


'''Welsh''' Quakers also came to Pennsylvania as early as the 17th century. Many more came in the nineteenth-century to work in the coal industry. An excellent history identifying many of the original Welsh settlers is:
'''Welsh''' Quakers also came to Pennsylvania as early as the 17th century. Many more came in the nineteenth-century to work in the coal industry. An excellent history identifying many of the original Welsh settlers is:  


*Glenn, Thomas Allen. ''Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania''. Oxford: Fox, Jones and Company, 1911. Digital version of Vol. 1 at {{FSbook|93167}} - free.
*Glenn, Thomas Allen. ''Welsh Founders of Pennsylvania''. Oxford: Fox, Jones and Company, 1911. Digital version of Vol. 1 at {{FSbook|93167}} - free.
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*Jordan, John W. "Moravian Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1734-1765," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 33 (1909):228-256. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].
*Jordan, John W. "Moravian Immigration to Pennsylvania, 1734-1765," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 33 (1909):228-256. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].


Quakers kept records of members who moved from the British Isles to America. Records from some of the English monthly meetings of departures for America (Pennsylvania in particular) have been published:
Quakers kept records of members who moved from the British Isles to America. Records from some of the English monthly meetings of departures for America (Pennsylvania in particular) have been published:  


*'''1666-1729''' - Cope, Gilbert. "Notes from Friends' Records in England," ''Publications of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania,'' Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jun. 1908):226-236. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Genealogical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Genealogical_Magazine WeRelate]; the Family History Library also has this series in its collection: {{FHL|55326|item|disp=FHL Book 974.8 B2p}}.
*'''1666-1729''' - Cope, Gilbert. "Notes from Friends' Records in England," ''Publications of the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania,'' Vol. 3, No. 3 (Jun. 1908):226-236. For free online access, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Genealogical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Genealogical_Magazine WeRelate]; the Family History Library also has this series in its collection: {{FHL|55326|item|disp=FHL Book 974.8 B2p}}.
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=== Migration Out of Pennsylvania  ===
=== Migration Out of Pennsylvania  ===


During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169; William H. Gehrke, "The Beginning of the Pennsylvania-German Element in Rowan and Cabarrus Counties, North Carolina," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct. 1934):342-369. For free online access to both articles, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>
During the colonial period, many immigrants lived temporarily in Pennsylvania before resettling elsewhere in the colonies - particularly those of German and Scotch-Irish background. Many went to the backcountry regions of [[Virginia|Virginia]] and [[North Carolina|North Carolina]].<ref>Wayland Fuller Dunaway, "Pennsylvania as an Early Distributing Center of Population," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 55, No. 2 (Apr. 1931):134-169; William H. Gehrke, "The Beginning of the Pennsylvania-German Element in Rowan and Cabarrus Counties, North Carolina," ''The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography,'' Vol. 58, No. 4 (Oct. 1934):342-369. For free online access to both articles, see [http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Source:Historical_Society_of_Pennsylvania._Pennsylvania_Magazine_of_History_and_Biography WeRelate].</ref>  


Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' ({{FHL|265121|item|disp=FHL Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from Pennsylvania into territories that are now [[Alabama|Alabama]], [[Florida|Florida]], [[Louisiana|Louisiana]], [[Mississippi|Mississippi]], and [[Missouri|Missouri]].
Dorothy Williams Potter in ''Passports of Southeastern Pioneers 1770-1823'' ({{FHL|265121|item|disp=FHL Book 975 W4p}}) identifies some migrants from Pennsylvania into territories that are now [[Alabama|Alabama]], [[Florida|Florida]], [[Louisiana|Louisiana]], [[Mississippi|Mississippi]], and [[Missouri|Missouri]].  


== Web Sites  ==
== Web Sites  ==
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