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| | Tax records vary in content. They may include the name and residence of the taxpayer, description of personal property, number of males over 21, and farm animals. They are usually arranged by date and locality and are not usually indexed. Tax records can be used in place of missing land and census records to locate a person’s residence. |
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| | Some tax lists are in the town records and also in the manuscript collection Vermont State Papers. See [[Vermont Town Records|Vermont Town Records]] and [[Vermont Public Records|Vermont Public Records]] |
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| == Online Resources ==
| | The 1862 to 1866 Civil War income tax assessment lists for Vermont are at the [http://www.archives.gov/ National Archives](Washington), the [http://www.archives.gov/northeast/boston/ National Archives-New England Region (Boston)], and at the Family History Library: |
| *'''1861-1866''' {{FSC|577870|item|disp=Internal revenue assessment lists for Vermont, 1861-1866}} at FamilySearch
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| == Why Use Tax Records == | | United States. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. ''Internal Revenue Assessment Lists for Vermont, 1861–1866''. National Archives Microfilm Publication, M0792. Washington, D.C.: National Archives, 1980. (Family History Library films [http://www.familysearch.org/eng/library/fhlcatalog/supermainframeset.asp?display=titledetails&titleno=577870&disp=Internal+revenue+assessment+lists+for+Ve%20%20&columns=*,0,0 1578444–50].) This lists the name of the person taxed and their residence. It may also list occupation and type of tax. |
| By studying several consecutive years of tax records you may determine when a young men came of age, when individuals moved in and out of a home, or when they died leaving heirs. Authorities determined wealth (real estate, or income) to be taxed. Taxes can be for polls, real and personal estate, or schools.
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| Tax record content varies and may include the name and residence of the taxpayer, description of the real estate, name of original purchaser, description of personal property, number of males over 21, number of school children, slaves, and farm animals. Tax records usually are arranged by date and locality and are not normally indexed. Tax records can be used in place of missing land and census records to locate a person’s residence.
| | For additional information on the genealogical value of tax records, see [[United States Taxation|United States Taxation]] |
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| == How to Use Tax Records for Vermont ==
| | Vermont tax records can be found in the Family History Library Catalog by using a Place Search for: |
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| === County Level ===
| | VERMONT- TAXATION |
| Great lists are the annual assessment for town tax purposes, they were taken every year for every town in Vermont. They are the only taxes organized enough to be of genealogical use. Many of them are extent, but they are not easy to find. Sometimes they appear as part of the proprietor or town meeting records (these could be in the town records microfilms at Vermont Public Records Division or at the FS Library) or sometimes in separate books (which might be in town clerks' offices or vaults). The assessment might be for a poll that included twenty-one year old males or eligible voters "Freemen" in Vermont.) acreage, buildings, cattle, yards of material produced, and clapboards milled. People taxed were not necessarily landowners.
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| === State Level ===
| | VERMONT, [COUNTY], [TOWN]- TAXATION |
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| *''1862-1866'' {{FSC|577870|item|disp=Internal revenue assessment lists for Vermont}} Internal revenue assessment lists were created into divisions called Districts, each county is put into a district. County names are arranged alphabetically within the division and then within months. The following is a list of counties placed in which district. (knowing the district and county your ancestor lived in will make searching this years taxes list a little faster) <br> ''(once on page scroll down to district desired and click on camera to open)''<br>
| | [[Category:Vermont]] |
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| U.S. Internal Revenue Assessment Lists. ''Three types of Reports:'' '''A'''=Annual; '''M'''=Monthly; '''S'''=Special Years and Reports may be different.
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| List of Districts for 1861-1866 Taxes: <br>
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| ''DISTRICT'' 1: Addison; Bennington; Rutland; Washington <br>
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| ''DISTRICT'' 2: Caledonia; Orange; Windham; Windsor <br>
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| ''DISTRICT'' 3: Chittenden; Essex; Franklin; Grand Isle; Lamoille; Orleans <br>
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| (For district 3 there ''are'' annual lists but '''No''' records available for monthly and Special lists)
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| === '''[[Vermont State Archives]]''' ===
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| 1078 Route 2, Middlesex<br>Montpelier, Vermont 05633-7701<br>Telephone: 802-828-2308<br>Email: [mailto:archives@sec.state.vt.us archives@sec.state.vt.us]<br>[https://sos.vermont.gov/vsara/ Website] <br>
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| They have original state, county, and town records at all levels of government from all over Vermont. This includes all birth, marriages, deaths, and divorces prior to 2012. For vital records 2012 to present contact the Vermont Department of Health.<ref>[https://sos.vermont.gov/vsara/explore/people/vital-records/ Vital Records] in ''Vermont State Archives & Records Administration'', accessed 14 March 2021.</ref><br><br>
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| Some tax lists are in the town records and also in the [https://sos.vermont.gov/vsara/explore/people/nye-index/ Manuscript Vermont State Papers]. See [[Vermont Town Records|Vermont Town Records]] and [[Vermont Public Records|Vermont Public Records]]
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| *[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Vermont_Town_Records Vermont Town Records]
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| *[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Vermont_Public_Records Vermont Public Records]<br>
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| [[Image:Tax money bag.jpg|right|200px|]]
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| == Tax Laws ==
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| Abraham Lincoln instituted the income tax in 1862, and on July 1, 1862, Congress passed the Internal Revenue Act, creating the Bureau of Internal Revenue (later renamed to the Internal Revenue Service). This act was intended to “provide Internal Revenue to support the Government and to pay interest on the Public Debt.” Instituted in the height of the Civil War, the “Public Debt” at the time primarily consisted of war expenses. For the Southern States that were part of the Confederate side of the Civil War, once Union troops took over parts of the Southern States, income tax were instituted on them. <ref>[https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1264 Creation of the IRA]</ref>
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| *See [[United States, Internal Revenue Assessment Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records|United States, Internal Revenue Assessment Lists - FamilySearch Historical Records]] for more information about the collection.
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| *See [https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1986/winter/civil-war-tax-records.html Income Tax Records of the Civil War Years] at the National Archives for more information about Civil War taxes
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| What history has shown us is that while property taxes are locally levied, there is significant state involvement with the amount of tax local political subdivisions can levy, how property assessments are conducted, and what services local taxing subdivisions must provide for their residents. This comes at a cost to state taxpayers, because the state has obligations it must fund as well, with a limited amount of state tax dollars.
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| {{Vermont|Vermont}}
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| [[Category: Vermont, United States| Vermont]] | |
| [[Category: Taxation]]
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