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{{breadcrumb | link1=[[Zimbabwe Genealogy|Zimbabwe]] | link2= | link3= | link4= | link5=[[Zimbabwe Languages|Languages]] }} ==Description== Numerous languages are spoken, or historically have been spoken, in Zimbabwe.<br> Since the adoption of its 2013 Constitution, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, including: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Zimbabwe," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Zimbabwe, accessed 8 May 2023.</ref><br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sena_language '''Chibarwe or Barwe''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_English '''English or Zimbabwean English'''] Primary language used in education, government, commerce and media in Zimbabwe<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalanga_language '''Kalanga''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tjwao_dialect '''Koisan or Tjwao''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambya_language '''Nambya''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndau_dialect '''Ndau''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language '''Ndebele or Northern Ndebele'''] Spoken by 20% of the population<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsonga_language '''Shangani or Tsonga''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language '''Shona'''] Spoken by 70% of the population<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language '''Sign language''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sotho_language '''Sotho''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga_language_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe) '''Tonga''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tswana_language '''Tswana or Setswana''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venda_language '''Venda or Tshivenda''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language '''Xhosa or isiXhosa''']<br> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chewa_language '''Chewa or Nyanja'''] <br> There are two vernacular languages used in Zimbabwe: <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Languages of Zimbabwe," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Zimbabwe, accessed 8 May 2023.</ref><br> *The variety the Fanagalo language used in Zimbabwe (Rhodesia) is known as '''Chilapalapa''' and is influenced by Shona. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Fanagalo," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanagalo#Language_features_and_variants, accessed 8 May 2023.</ref> *The variety of English spoken is '''Zimbabwean English'''. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Zimbabwean English," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwean_English, accessed 8 May 2023.</ref> ==Word List(s)== '''Shona''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/shona.php Useful Shona phrases (Omniglot)] '''Ndebele or Northern Ndebele''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/northernndebele.htm Useful phrases in Northern Ndebele (Omniglot)] '''Fanagalo or Chilapalapa''' ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== '''Shona''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shona_language#Phonology_and_alphabet Shona Phonology and alphabet (Wikipedia)] *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shona.php Shona Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] '''Ndebele or Northern Ndebele''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Ndebele_language#Phonology Northern Ndebele Phonology (Wikipedia)] *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/northernndebele.htm Northern Ndebele Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] '''Fanagalo or Chilapalapa''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/fanagalo.htm Fanagalo Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== '''Shona''' *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/sn English to Shona Dictionary (Glosbe)] * Nandoro, Idai. ''Shona language : the Shona phrasebook and dictionary.'' San Bernardino, CA: CreateSpace, 2018. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/1026503740 WorldCat]. '''Ndebele or Northern Ndebele''' *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/nd English to North Ndebele Dictionary (Glosbe)] * Mpofu, Anita. ''Asikhulume IsiNdebele = Let's speak Ndebele : (a first-year textbook).'' Madison, Wis.: NALRC Press, 2010. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/756042717 WorldCat]. '''Fanagalo or Chilapalapa''' *[https://en.glosbe.com/en/fng English to Fanagalo Dictionary (Glosbe)] * Bold, J. D. ''Fanagalo : phrase-book grammar dictionary.'' Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1990. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/27146271 WorldCat]. ==Additional Resources== *[https://www.britannica.com/place/Zimbabwe Zimbabwe (Britannica)] ==References== [[Category:Zimbabwe]]