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{{breadcrumb | link1=[[Panama Genealogy|Panama]] | link2= | link3= | link4= | link5=[[Panama Languages|Languages]] }} ==Description== [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language '''Spanish'''] is the official and dominant language in Panama although many languages, including seven indigenous languages, are spoken. The local variant is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian_Spanish '''Panamanian Spanish''']. English is often spoken by many professionals and those working in the business or governmental areas of society. Indigenous languages include [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaym%C3%AD_language '''Guaymí'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuna_language '''Kuna'''], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Embera_language '''Northern Embera'''], also known as West Embera and Cholo, and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teribe_language '''Teribe''']. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocas_del_Toro_Creole '''Bocas del Toro Creole'''] is a dialect of Jamaican Patois, an English-based creole, spoken in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. <ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Demographics of Panama," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Panama#Languages, accessed 1 May 2023.</ref><ref>Wikipedia contributors, "Bocas del Toro Creole," in ''Wikipedia: the Free Encyclopedia'', https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocas_del_Toro_Creole, accessed 1 May 2023.</ref> ==Word List(s)== '''Spanish''' *[[Spanish Genealogical Word List]] *[https://www.omniglot.com/language/phrases/spanish.php Useful Spanish phrases (Omniglot)] '''Panamanian Spanish''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian_Spanish#Vocabulary Panamanian Spanish Vocabulary (Wikipedia)] *[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:Glossary_of_Panamanian_Spanish Appendix:Glossary of Panamanian Spanish (Wiktionary)] '''Guaymí''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaym%C3%AD_language#Useful_phrases Guaymí Useful phrases (Wikipedia)] '''Kuna''' *[https://www.middle-coast-publishing.com/Basic-Kuna-Dictionary.htm Basic Kuna Dictionary, Words, Phrases] '''Northern Embera''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Embera_language#Example_of_Words Northern Embera Example of Words (Wikipedia)] '''Teribe''' '''Bocas del Toro Creole''' ==Alphabet and Pronunciation== '''Spanish''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/spanish.htm Spanish Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] *[https://forvo.com/search/Spanish/ Spanish Pronunciation Dictionary (Forvo)] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_grammar Spanish grammar (Wikipedia)] '''Panamanian Spanish''' *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panamanian_Spanish#Phonology Panamanian Spanish Phonology (Wikipedia)] '''Guaymí''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/guaymi.htm Guaymí Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaym%C3%AD_language#Writing_system_and_pronunciation Guaymí Writing system and pronunciation (Wikipedia)] '''Kuna''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kuna.htm Kuna Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuna_language#Phonemes Kuna Alphabet and Pronunciation (Wikipedia)] '''Northern Embera''' (also known as West Embera and Cholo) *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Embera_language#Phonology Northern Embera Phonology (Wikipedia)] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Embera_language#Grammar Northern Embera grammar (Wikipedia)] '''Teribe''' *[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/teribe.htm Teribe Alphabet and Pronunciation (Omniglot)] *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teribe_language#Writing_system Teribe Writing system (Wikipedia)] '''Bocas del Toro Creole''' ==Language Aids and Dictionaries== '''Spanish''' *[[Spanish Letter Writing Guide]] *[[Spanish Handwriting Clarified]] *[https://www.duolingo.com/course/es/en/Learn-Spanish Learn Spanish (duolingo)] *[https://www.lexilogos.com/english/spanish_dictionary.htm Spanish dictionary (Lexilogos)] *[https://glosbe.com/en/es English to Spanish Dictionary (Glosbe)] *[https://script.byu.edu/spanish-handwriting/introduction The Spanish Script Tutorial (byu.ed)] '''Panamanian Spanish''' *[https://www.fluentu.com/blog/spanish/panamanian-spanish/ Panamanian Spanish 101: English-isms and Basic Panamanian Phrases (fluentu)] '''Guaymí''' '''Kuna''' *[https://glosbe.com/en/cuk English to San Blas Kuna Dictionary (Glosbe)] '''Northern Embera''' *[https://glosbe.com/en/emp English to Northern Emberá Dictionary (Glosbe)] '''Teribe''' *[https://glosbe.com/en/tfr English to Teribe Dictionary (Glosbe)] '''Bocas del Toro Creole''' ==Additional Resources== * Perilla, Jisel. ''Frommer's Panama.'' Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2009. '''''Available at:''''' [https://www.worldcat.org/title/430491792 WorldCat]. ==References== [[es:idiomas de Panamá]] [[Category:Panama|Language]]