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== What is in This Collection? ==
== What is in This Collection? ==
The collection consists of images of records of the Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau) which was established in the War Department in March of 1865. It was commonly called the Freedman’s Bureau and was responsible for the management and supervision of matters relating to refuges, freedmen, and abandoned lands. The Bureau assisted disenfranchised Americans, primarily African Americans,  with legal and financial matters including the distributing of food and clothing; operating temporary medical facilities; acquiring  military benefits such as back pay, bounty payments, and pensions; facilitating the creation of schools, including the founding of Howard University; reuniting family members; handling marriages; and providing banking services. Banking services were provided by the establishment of the Freedman’s Saving and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank.  The intent of the Bureau was to help people to become self-sufficient.<br><br>
The collection consists of images of records of the Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau) which was established in the War Department in March of 1865. It was commonly called the Freedman’s Bureau and was responsible for the management and supervision of matters relating to refuges, freedmen, and abandoned lands. The Bureau assisted disenfranchised Americans, primarily African Americans,  with legal and financial matters including the distributing of food and clothing; operating temporary medical facilities; acquiring  military benefits such as back pay, bounty payments, and pensions; facilitating the creation of schools, including the founding of Howard University; reuniting family members; handling marriages; and providing banking services. Banking services were provided by the establishment of the Freedman’s Saving and Trust Company, or Freedman’s Bank.  The intent of the Bureau was to help people to become self-sufficient.
 


'''Administrative Histories: Office of the Assistant Commissioner - National Archives '''
'''Administrative Histories: Office of the Assistant Commissioner - National Archives '''
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*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10469399 Virginia]  
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10469399 Virginia]  
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
*See also:
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10553759 War Department. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Office of the Assistant Commissioner for Virginia. Fredericksburg Field Office. Office of the Assistant Superintendent, First Division, 6th Subdistrict. (07/1866 - 12/1868)]
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10554399 War Department. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Office of the Assistant Commissioner for Virginia. Heathsville Field Office. (1865 - 12/1868)]


'''Related Sources '''
'''Related Sources '''
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*[https://www.archives.gov/files/research/microfilm/m821.pdf Texas M821]
*[https://www.archives.gov/files/research/microfilm/m821.pdf Texas M821]
*[https://www.archives.gov/files/research/microfilm/m1048.pdf Virginia M1048]  
*[https://www.archives.gov/files/research/microfilm/m1048.pdf Virginia M1048]  
'''Field Office Records published on FamilySearch.'''
*{{RecordSearch|2333770|Alabama, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2328125|Arkansas, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1864-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2333782|District of Columbia, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1863-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2331267|Georgia, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2333771|Kentucky, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2333781|Louisiana Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|1989156|Maryland and Delaware, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2333768|Mississippi, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2442776|Mississippi, Freedmen's Department (Pre-Bureau Records), 1863-1866}}
*{{RecordSearch|2143119|North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1863-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2127881|South Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|2333777|Tennessee, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}
*{{RecordSearch|1989155|Texas, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1870}}
*[{{RecordSearch|1596147|Virginia, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}


''' Tennessee Assistant Commissioner'''
''' Tennessee Assistant Commissioner'''
*'''Browse Images of the Kentucky Assistant Commissioner records will be located in the {{RecordSearch|2333771|Kentucky, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}'''  
*'''Browse Images of the Kentucky Assistant Commissioner records will be located in the {{RecordSearch|2333771|Kentucky, Freedmen's Bureau Field Office Records, 1865-1872}}'''  
*[https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10543199 War Department. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Office of the Assistant Commissioner for Tennessee. Subdistrict of Memphis. Office of the Rental Agent. (1862 - 1867)]


''' Publication Notes '''
''' Publication Notes '''
*Tennessee: Roll 7, Registers of letters received, H-L, 1865. Images 1-13 is a census of freedmen at Tunnel Hill, dated August 1865 images 1 -13. Includes name, age, residence, former masters name. Click [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9TD-P73W?i=906&cc=2427901&cat=362879 this link] to go to the first image of the census.
*Tennessee: Roll 7, DGS 7677357 Browse Images 907-919 Registers of letters received, H-L, 1865. Images 1-13 is a census of freedmen at Tunnel Hill, dated August 1865. Includes name, age, residence, former masters name. Click [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9TD-P73W?i=906&cc=2427901&cat=362879 this link] to go to the first image of the census.


=== Florida Field Office Records ===   
=== Florida Field Office Records ===   
*'''[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/United_States,_Freedmen%27s_Bureau,_Records_of_the_Assistant_Commissioner,_Inventory_(Florida) Florida Field Office Records were filmed with the Florida Assistant Commissioner Records:]'''
Florida Field Office records were filmed with the records of the Florida Assistant Commissioner Records. See [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner (Florida)]] for details.
*'''Florida, Field Office Records''' see [[Freedman’s Bureau Florida Field Office Personnel Coverage Table]]
 
*Records with Freedmen and Refugee Names:
'''Records with Freedmen and Refugee Names'''
** Reports: Roll 9, Monthly Reports of Abandoned or Confiscated Lands
* Reports: Roll 9, Monthly Reports of Abandoned or Confiscated Lands
**Reports: Roll 10, Unregistered Monthly Reports of Homesteads Located by Bureau Agents
*Reports: Roll 10, Unregistered Monthly Reports of Homesteads Located by Bureau Agents
** Other Records, Rolls Records Relating to Restoration of Property
*Other Records, Rolls Records Relating to Restoration of Property
**Other Records, Roll 11, Applications of Freedmen for Rations, Acre-Owens
*Other Records, Roll 11, Applications of Freedmen for Rations, Acre-Owens
** Other Records, Roll 12, Applications of Freedmen for Rations, Page-Young
*Other Records, Roll 12, Applications of Freedmen for Rations, Page-Young
** Claims Agent, Roll 14, Register of Bounty Claimants
*Claims Agent, Roll 14, Register of Bounty Claimants
** Jacksonville, Roll 14, Register of Freedmen Issued Rations
*Jacksonville, Roll 14, Register of Freedmen Issued Rations
** Quincy, Roll 15, Register of Freedmen Issued Rations   
*Quincy, Roll 15, Register of Freedmen Issued Rations   
** Tallahassee, Roll 15, Records Relating to Court Trials; Register of Freedmen Issued Rations<br><br>
*Tallahassee, Roll 15, Records Relating to Court Trials; Register of Freedmen Issued Rations
'''Subordinate Field Offices'''
{| class="wikitable"
! Field Office Location !! Name !! Position !! Dates Served
|-
| Barancas || L. L. Zalousky || Subassistant Commissioner || January - August 1866
|-
| Fernandina || Thomas Leddy || Subassistant Commissioner || January - August 1866
|-
| Fernandina || A. A. Cole || Subassistant Commissioner || August 1866 - July 1867
|-
| Fernandina || D. A. Hammond  || (Subassistant Commissioner <br>and Post Commander) || July 1867 - December 1868
|-
| Jacksonville ||  || Subassistant Commissioner and Agent ||
|-
| Key West || J. B. Rawles || Subassistant Commissioner || December 1867 - January 1869
|-
| Monticello || A. B. Grumwell || Subassistant Commissioner || May 1866 - May 1868
|-
| Ocala || J. A. Remley || Subassistant Commissioner || June 1866 - November 1868
|-
| Pensacola || F. M. Cole || Subassistant Commissioner || February - August 1866
|-
| Pensacola || J. R. Brinckle || Subassistant Commissioner || October 1866 - January 1867
|-
| Quincy ||  || Subassistant Commissioner ||
|-
| Tallahassee ||  || Subassistant Commissioner ||
|}
''' Related Collections'''
''' Related Collections'''
*[https://www.floridamemory.com/collections/election1867/ Voter Registration Rolls, 1867-68. Florida Memory. State Library & Archives of Florida]
*[https://www.floridamemory.com/collections/election1867/ Voter Registration Rolls, 1867-68. Florida Memory. State Library & Archives of Florida]
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''' FamilySearch Catalog '''
''' FamilySearch Catalog '''
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/537206 Florida Secretary of State, Voter registration rolls, 1867-1905]
*{{FSC|537206|item|disp=Florida Secretary of State, Voter registration rolls, 1867-1905}}
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/1046870? ''"Census" Department for the South, November 1864, for Jacksonville, Fernandina and St. Augustine, Florida : ordered by the Department of the South, Hilton Head, South Carolina.'' Florida State Genealogical Society] FS Library 975.91 X2f
*''"Census" Department for the South, November 1864, for Jacksonville, Fernandina and St. Augustine, Florida : ordered by the Department of the South, Hilton Head, South Carolina.'' Florida State Genealogical Society. {{FSC|1046870|item|disp=FS Library 975.91 X2f}}
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/618437 Delbra D. McGriff, comp. ''The Black experience : a guide to Afro-American resources in the Florida State Archives'' Tallahassee, Florida : Florida Department of State Division of Library and Information Services, 1991 FS Library 975.9 A1 no. 122]
*Delbra D. McGriff, comp. ''The Black experience : a guide to Afro-American resources in the Florida State Archives'' Tallahassee, Florida : Florida Department of State Division of Library and Information Services, 1991 {{FSC|618437|item|disp=FS Library 975.9 A1 no. 122}}


''' FamilySearch Historical Records '''
''' FamilySearch Historical Records '''
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/3326846 Florida, County Voter Registration Records, 1867-1905]
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/collection/3326846 Florida, County Voter Registration Records, 1867-1905]


=== General Information about Freedmen's Bureau Records ===
=== General Information about Freedmen's Bureau Records ===
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For additional information about the Freedman's Bureau and the microfilm publications included in this collection visit the [https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/freedmens-bureau African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau] page of the NARA African American Heritage Collection.
For additional information about the Freedman's Bureau and the microfilm publications included in this collection visit the [https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/freedmens-bureau African American Records: Freedmen's Bureau] page of the NARA African American Heritage Collection.


{{HR Add}}
=== Index and Image Visibility ===
=== Index and Image Visibility ===
{{Image Visibility}}
{{Image Visibility}}


=== To Browse This Collection ===
=== To Browse This Collection ===
{{Collection_Browse_Link
{{Collection_Browse_Link |CID=CID2427901 |title=United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872 }}  
|CID=CID2427901
{{Collection_Browse_Link |CID=CID1803698 |title=North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870 }}
|title=United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872
}}  
{{Collection_Browse_Link
|CID=CID1803698
|title=North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870
}}


== What Can These Records Tell Me? ==  
== What Can These Records Tell Me? ==  
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== Collection Contents  ==
== Collection Contents  ==
=== Sample Images ===
=== Sample Images ===
<gallery caption="United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner" widths="160px" heights="120px" perrow="3">
<gallery widths="160px" heights="120px" perrow="3">
Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Will (page 1) DGS 7677396_410.jpg|1865 Will (page 1)
Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Will (page 1) DGS 7677396_410.jpg|1865 Will (page 1)
Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Will (page 2) DGS 7677396_411.jpg|1865 Will (page 2)
Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Will (page 2) DGS 7677396_411.jpg|1865 Will (page 2)
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Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Account Statement DGS 7677396_573.jpg|Account Statement
Image:United States, Freedmen's Bureau Records of Assistant Commissioner (14-1398) Account Statement DGS 7677396_573.jpg|Account Statement
</gallery>
</gallery>
=== Inventory ===
For a list of all the titles included in this Historical Records publication see [[United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner - Inventory]]


=== Record Types ===
=== Record Types ===
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau)  created many different record types necessary to supervise relief efforts including education, health care, food and clothing, refugee camps, legalization of marriages, employment, labor contracts, and securing back pay, bounty payments and pensions. These records include letters and endorsements sent and received, account books, applications for rations, applications for relief, court records, labor contracts, registers of bounty claimants, registers of complaints, registers of contracts, registers of disbursements, registers of freedmen issued rations, registers of patients, reports, rosters of officers and employees, special and general orders and circulars received, special orders and circulars issued, records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads.
The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (often called the Freedmen’s Bureau)  created many different record types necessary to supervise relief efforts including education, health care, food and clothing, refugee camps, legalization of marriages, employment, labor contracts, and securing back pay, bounty payments and pensions. These records include letters and endorsements sent and received, account books, applications for rations, applications for relief, court records, labor contracts, registers of bounty claimants, registers of complaints, registers of contracts, registers of disbursements, registers of freedmen issued rations, registers of patients, reports, rosters of officers and employees, special and general orders and circulars received, special orders and circulars issued, records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads.
*The following link will provide a description of the record types found in this and other Freedmen's Bureau collections.[[Freedmen's Bureau Record Types]]  
*The following link will provide a description of the record types found in this and other Freedmen's Bureau collections.[[Freedmen's Bureau Record Types]]  


''' Officers Manual'''
''' Officers Manual'''<br>
 
The War Department published an Officer's Manual  to assist bureau personnel in the records that were required to be keep in bureau offices.
The War Department published an Officer's Manual  to assist bureau personnel in the records that were required to be keep in bureau offices.
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/110406-officers-manual-bureau-of-refugees-freedmen-and-abandoned-lands?offset=1 ''Officer's Manual. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.'' Washington. 1866. Digital Images]  
*[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/110406-officers-manual-bureau-of-refugees-freedmen-and-abandoned-lands?offset=1 ''Officer's Manual. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.'' Washington. 1866. Digital Images]  
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*Locate your ancestor in the 1870 Census.  Most local Bureau activities ended (except from claims and education) in December 1868.
*Locate your ancestor in the 1870 Census.  Most local Bureau activities ended (except from claims and education) in December 1868.
*Check the records of the local field office in the area(s) where you believe your ancestor lived between June 1865 and December 1868.  
*Check the records of the local field office in the area(s) where you believe your ancestor lived between June 1865 and December 1868.  
*Determine, if possible, the name of the former owner. The 1860 Slave Schedule may be helpful. Also consider searching the 1860 and 1870 Agricultural Schedules.  
*Determine, if possible, the name of the former owner. The 1860 Slave Schedule may be helpful. Also consider searching the 1860 and 1870 Agriculture Schedules.  
*The Bureau created many different types of records. Review the record types in the Collection Content section in this article.  
*The Bureau created many different types of records. Review the record types in the Collection Content section in this article.  
*While searching Bureau records remember to search other records of the local government, including marriage and court records and especially the 1867 or later voter registrations.
*While searching Bureau records remember to search other records of the local government, including marriage and court records and especially the 1867 or later voter registrations.
*Consider ancestors who may have been employed as a civilian agent or served as local agent while still in the military.  Look for statewide rosters of bureau personnel in the records of Assistant Commissioners and the Field Office Personnel Coverage Table for this state.  Others may have worked with aid associations or taught school supported by aid associations in the north.
*Consider ancestors who may have been employed as a civilian agent or served as local agent while still in the military.  Look for statewide rosters of bureau personnel in the records of Assistant Commissioners and the Field Office Personnel table for the state.  Others may have worked with aid associations or taught school supported by aid associations in the north.
* Freedmen would have determined what their name would be and may have changed it multiple times.  
*Freedmen would have determined what their name would be and may have changed it multiple times.  


=== Search the Index ===
=== Search the Index ===
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| browse_6 =  
| browse_6 =  
}}
}}
{{HR Tip|More images are available in the FamilySearch Catalog at [https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/2427901 United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872]. Some catalog records link to multiple references. In this case, click on a reference to find a camera icon to see images.}}
{{HR Tip|More images are available in the FamilySearch Catalog at {{FSC|2427901|item|disp=United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872}}. Some catalog records link to multiple references. In this case, click on a reference to find a camera icon to see images.}}
'''North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870'''
'''North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870'''
{{View_Images_Link
{{View_Images_Link
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=== How Do I Analyze the Results? ===  
=== How Do I Analyze the Results? ===  
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a [[Use_Appropriate_Forms#Prepare_a_Research_Log |research log]].
Compare each result from your search with what you know to determine if there is a match. This may require viewing multiple records or images. Keep track of your research in a [[Use_Appropriate_Forms#Prepare_a_Research_Log |research log]].
== What Do I Do Next? ==
== What Do I Do Next? ==
=== I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? ===
=== I Found the Person I Was Looking For, What Now? ===
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* [[Beginning Research in United States Military Records]]
* [[Beginning Research in United States Military Records]]
* [[US Military Basic Search Strategies]]
* [[US Military Basic Search Strategies]]
== Other FamilySearch Collections ==
== Other FamilySearch Collections ==
These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research.
These collections may have additional materials to help you with your research.
=== FamilySearch Catalog ===
=== FamilySearch Catalog ===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/829837 Dee Parmer Woodtor,''Finding a place called home : a guide to African-American genealogy and historical identity'' New York, New York : Random House, c1999 FS Library 973 F2wd] See chapter 8
*Dee Parmer Woodtor,''Finding a place called home : a guide to African-American genealogy and historical identity'' New York, New York : Random House, c1999 {{FSC|829837|item|disp=FS Library 973 F2wd}} See chapter 8
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/722504 Paula K. Byers, ed. ''African American genealogical sourcebook'' New York, New York : Gale Research, c1995 FS Library 973 F27afg] See pages 68-98 The Freedmen's Bureau
*Paula K. Byers, ed. ''African American genealogical sourcebook'' New York, New York : Gale Research, c1995 {{FSC|722504|item|disp=FS Library 973 F27afg}} See pages 68-98 The Freedmen's Bureau
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/4440734 George R. Bentley, 'A history of the Freedmen's Bureau'' Reprint. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : University of Pennsylvania, 2016. FS Library 973.714 F875b]
*George R. Bentley, 'A history of the Freedmen's Bureau'' Reprint. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : University of Pennsylvania, 2016. {{FSC|4440734|item|disp=FS Library 973.714 F875b}}
*[https://familysearch.org/search/catalog/537206 Florida Voter Registrations, 1867-1868]
*{{FSC|537206|item|disp=Florida Voter Registrations, 1867-1868}}


=== FamilySearch Historical Records  ===
=== FamilySearch Historical Records  ===
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=== FamilySearch Digital Library ===
=== FamilySearch Digital Library ===
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/702586?  Elaine Everly, Willna Pacheli, comp. ''Preliminary inventory of the records of the field offices of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands : record group 105.''Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Service, 1973.]
*{{FSC|702586|item|disp= Elaine Everly, Willna Pacheli, comp. ''Preliminary inventory of the records of the field offices of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands : record group 105.''Washington, D.C. : National Archives and Records Service, 1973.}}
*[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/2021516 ''Officers' manual : Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.'' (Washington, 1866)]
*''Officers' manual : Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands.'' (Washington, 1866) {{FSDL|110406}}


== Citing This Collection ==
== Citing This Collection ==
=== United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872 ===
=== United States, Freedmen's Bureau, Records of the Assistant Commissioner, 1865-1872 ===
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used.
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used.
{{Collection_Published}}
{{Collection citation}}
{{Image_Citation}}
{{Image_Citation}}
=== North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870 ===
=== North Carolina, Freedmen's Bureau Assistant Commissioner Records, 1862-1870 ===
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used.
Citations help you keep track of places you have searched and sources you have found. Identifying your sources helps others find the records you used.
{{Collection_Published}}
{{Collection citation}}
{{Record_Citation}}
{{Record_Citation}}
{{Image_Citation}}
{{Image_Citation}}
[[Category:NARA_Freedmen's_Bureau Records]]
[[Category:NARA_Freedmen's_Bureau Records]]
[[pt:Estados Unidos, Agência de Libertos, Registros do Comissário Assistente (Registros Históricos do FamilySearch)]]
[[pt:Estados Unidos, Agência de Libertos, Registros do Comissário Assistente (Registros Históricos do FamilySearch)]]
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