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*[https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=d5YLL7b9R0Zg6xvMIvS2Jw&no=x7QvhfGoKGOyoILu-E6Axg Kayseri Population Register dated 1288 and with the number 3322 (1831)]. Text in Turkish.<br> | *[https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=d5YLL7b9R0Zg6xvMIvS2Jw&no=x7QvhfGoKGOyoILu-E6Axg Kayseri Population Register dated 1288 and with the number 3322 (1831)]. Text in Turkish.<br> | ||
==Population Registers | ==Population Registers (''Nüfūs Defter'')== | ||
'''Research use:''' These registers establish family groups and individual identity.<br> | '''Research use:''' These registers establish family groups and individual identity.<br> | ||
'''Reliability:''' Good, though the information may be incomplete.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Turkey,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1998.</ref> | '''Reliability:''' Good, though the information may be incomplete.<ref name="profile">The Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, “Family History Record Profile: Turkey,” Word document, private files of the FamilySearch Content Strategy Team, 1998.</ref> | ||
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*''[[Türkiye_Census#Online_Resources|See list of resources above.]] | *''[[Türkiye_Census#Online_Resources|See list of resources above.]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
===Historical Background=== | |||
The earliest census reports from Turkey date from 1831. It consisted of the registration of the male population of each district (kaza) by a committee and recorded few names. Thereafter, annual updates of population figures were obtained by cumulatively adding births and subtracting deaths as these were registered in each district. It appears that these records generally count number of households or even of persons, but they recorded few names. This early system of population registration functioned fairly regularly until the 1850s after which the system began to deteriorate and break down. <br> | |||
In 1867 the Turkish Council of State and Population Statistics assumed jurisdiction over all population matters. The census laws of 1875 and 1884 established a system of civil registration, with the population registers kept at the local district (kaza) level, to update the census by adding new information about births, marriages, and deaths. Permanent registers were compiled in an initial census survey; thereafter vital information was added as births, marriages, and deaths occurred. <br> | |||
An initial census survey was conducted throughout the empire in 1876-1878. This first survey is incomplete because of the Ottoman-Russian War. <br> | |||
In 1881 headcounts and population registration were amalgamated into a single system of record keeping called the population register (nüfus defter). This was somewhat like a system of civil registration, with population registers kept at the local district (kaza) level by the population bureau (sicil-i nüfus). <br> | |||
<br> | |||
Another initial population survey was taken 1882-1885. Thereafter the registers were updated by adding new information about births, deaths, and migrations into and out of the district. Supplemental registration of births, marriages, divorces, and deaths were sometimes added to the register itself or sometimes compiled in separate registers. Separate registers were established for Muslims and for members of other religious communities.<br> | |||
<br> | |||
Another initial survey was done in 1903-1906. Thereafter new census surveys were periodically done to establish initial permanent registers and vital information was added as births, marriages, and deaths occurred. | |||
===Coverage and Compliance=== | ===Coverage and Compliance=== | ||
'''Time period:''' 1876 to the end of Ottoman rule, probably 1915.<br> | '''Time period:''' 1876 to the end of Ottoman rule, probably 1915.<br> | ||
'''Location:''' For areas presently in Türkiye the registers are in provincial (sancak) registration offices. For some regions no longer in Türkiye, the registers are either centralized in an archive of the present country (e.g. Israel), or may be partially or completely in a Turkish archive, possibly the National Archives | '''Location:''' For areas presently in Türkiye the registers are in provincial (sancak) registration offices. For some regions no longer in Türkiye, the registers are either centralized in an archive of the present country (e.g. Israel), or may be partially or completely in a Turkish archive, possibly the National Archives (Babakanlk Arivi) (also referred to as the Prime Ministry Archives) or the Sulaymaniye Library in Istanbul.<br> | ||
'''Population coverage:''' About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted. | '''Population coverage:''' | ||
*The first population register (1876-1881) listed only males. | |||
1893 census covered the entire empire. | *About 90%. Women are likely undercounted. Remote areas may not be fully counted. | ||
*1893 census covered the entire empire. | |||
===Information Recorded in the Records=== | ===Information Recorded in the Records=== | ||
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