Danish to English Genealogical Word List
(Redirected from Danish Genealogical Words beginning with V, W)
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A
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| aa | see å |
| aaben | open |
| aandsvag | mentally deficient |
| aandsuro | deranged, "out of himself" (literal translation: spirit turmoil) |
| aar | year |
| aar gammel, aar gl. | year old |
| aaret | the year |
| aarlig | yearly, annual |
| aarsag | cause |
| aarti | decade |
| A.D.(Latin) | year of the Lord |
| ablutus est (Latin) | he was baptized |
| abort | miscarriage |
| a (ab) (Latin) | from, by |
| abscessus (Latin) | death |
| absolvere | to give absolution |
| abstersus (Latin) | baptized |
| addresse | address |
| adel | nobility |
| adelig | noble |
| adelsmand | nobleman |
| adjudant | adjutant |
| advokat, sagfører | lawyer, attorney |
| aetas (aetatis) (Latin) | age |
| af | of, at, by, from |
| af første (lste) ægteskab | of first marriage |
| af sognet | of the parish |
| afdeling | part, division, portion |
| afdød | deceased |
| afgangne | departed |
| afgangsliste | moving-out record |
| afgift | rent, duty, monetary fee |
| afkom | offspring |
| afsked | leave, resignation, departure |
| afstraffe | punish |
| afstaa, afstige | resign, give up |
| aftægt | provide support |
| aftægtsfolk | retired people |
| aftægtskone | retired woman |
| aftægtsmand | retired man |
| alder | age |
| alderdomssvaghed | weakness from old age |
| aldrig | never |
| alenstok | yardstick (equivalent of 24 inches, or 0.63 modern-day meters) |
| alkove | alcove, bed closed with doors or curtains, shared by 2-3 people |
| alle | all |
| alle felter | all fields |
| almindelig | common |
| almisse | alms, welfare |
| almisselem | pauper, welfare recipient |
| alt | all |
| altid | always |
| altsaa | consequently, accordingly, therefore, so |
| amt | county |
| amtet | the county |
| amtmand | chief county administrator |
| amtspas | county passport |
| anden | 2nd |
| anden gang | second time |
| andre | others |
| anetavle | pedigree |
| anfald | seizures |
| anført | entered, mentioned, placed |
| ankomst | arrival |
| anmode | request |
| anmærkninger | remark, notice, note |
| anno (Latin) | in the year (of) |
| anno domini (Latin) | in the year of (our) Lord |
| annus (Latin) | year |
| antal | number, count |
| April | April |
| arbejder | worker |
| arbejdsmand | worker, laborer |
| arkiv | archive |
| arme\' | army |
| arv | inheritance |
| arve | inherit |
| arvinger | heirs |
| at | that, at, |
| atten | 18 |
| attende | 18th |
| attest | certificate |
| August | August |
| af = av | of, at, by, from |
B
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| baade | both |
| bager | baker |
| band | excommunication |
| baptisatus (Latin) | baptized |
| bar | carried |
| bar barnet | held child at font |
| barn, børn | child, children |
| barndom | childhood |
| barnebarn | grandchild |
| barnedaab | child’s baptism |
| barnefader | the child-'s father |
| barneløs | childless |
| barsel | birth |
| barselseng | birthing bed |
| bd.(bind) | volume |
| beboer | occupant, resident |
| bedstefader | grandfather |
| bedstemoder | grandmother |
| befandtes | was found |
| befolkning | population, inhabitants |
| begge | both |
| begravelse | burial |
| begrv. = begravet | buried |
| begynder | begin |
| behersker | ruler, lord, master |
| behørig | proper, due |
| bekræfter | confirm |
| bemærkning | remark |
| ben | leg,bone, limb |
| besidder | owner |
| beskrive | describe |
| bestefar | grandfather |
| bestemoder | grandmother |
| bestemor | grandmother |
| bestilling | occupation |
| betalt for | paid for |
| betjent | policeman |
| betler, tigger | beggar |
| bevise | prove, demonstrate |
| beværter | innkeeper |
| bibliotek | library |
| bikube | beehive |
| bimpel | small barrel, used for transporting beer to/from the fields |
| bind | volume |
| biografi | biography |
| birk | court district |
| bismer | small portable scale |
| bispedømme | diocese |
| blikkenslager | tinsmith |
| blind | blind |
| blive, blev, blef | become, became |
| blod | blood |
| blodgang | dysentery |
| bo | to live at, home |
| boede | lived |
| boelsmand | farmer, resides at |
| bog | book |
| boghandler | bookseller |
| bogholder | bookkeeper, accountant |
| bolig | residence, house |
| bonde | peasant |
| bondefoged | peasant bailiff. When the bailiff and subbailiff (ridefoged and ladefoged) wanted corvee labor done, they would notify the bondefoged. He then notified the other commoners and asssembled them up on the appointed days. He also provided information about the commoner's lives to the estate and helped assess probate inventories. For these services, he himself was exempt from corvee |
| bopæl | residence, home, domicile |
| bor | live |
| borger | citizen |
| borgerskab | citizenship |
| borgmester | mayor |
| brev | letter, correspondence |
| broder | brother |
| broderdatter | brother’s daughter |
| brodersøn | brother’s son |
| bror | brother |
| brudefolk | couple being married |
| bruden | the bride |
| brudgommen | the bridegroom |
| brygmester | brewer |
| bryllup | marriage ceremony |
| brystsvaghed | pneumonia |
| brændehugger | woodcutter |
| brændevinsbrænder | distiller of spirits |
| brødre | brothers |
| by | city, town, village |
| byen | the town, city, village |
| bygge | build |
| bygmester | builder |
| byld | abscess |
| bære, bar, baaret | carry, carried |
| bødker | cooper |
| børn | children |
| børn af første ægteskab | children of first marriage |
| børnebørn | grandchildren |
| børnene | the children |
| børstenbinder | brush-maker |
| bøssemager | gunsmith |
| baad | boat, ship |
| baadebygger | shipbuilder |
| baadsmand | boatswain, bosun |
| baaret | carried |
| baaret til daaben | carried to the christening (font) |
C
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| christened, xtened | baptized |
| circa (Latin) | about, around, round about |
| commune | municipality (community) |
| communionsbog | communion book |
| confirmeret | confirmed |
| conjugatus (Latin) | married |
| coppeattest, koppeattest | vaccination certificate, smallpox |
| copulati sunt (Latin) | they were married, joined |
| copulationis (Latin) | of marriage |
| copulerede | married |
| copuleret | married |
D
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| dag, dage | day, days |
| dagleje | day work |
| daglejer | day worker |
| dal | valley |
| Danmark | Denmark |
| dansk | danish |
| dato | date |
| datter | daughter |
| datterdatter | daughter’s daughter |
| dattersøn | daughter’s son |
| datum (Latin) | date, given |
| daværende | former |
| de | they, those, the |
| December | December |
| defunctus est (Latin) | he died |
| degn | parish clerk, deacon. The clerk technically lived on the estate but did not perform corvee labor. Instead he was supported by the peasants contributing 1/90 of their crop to him in addition to the traditional 1/10 paid in tithing. Essentially this means that 1/9 of the peasant's surplus went to the church. |
| degnen | the parish clerk, deacon |
| dejtrug | dough trough, used for kneading and raising bread overnight |
| del | part |
| del af samling | part of collection |
| deling | distribution |
| dem | them |
| den, det | the, it, that |
| denne | this |
| denunciatio (Latin) | publication of marriage, banns |
| der | those, who, which, that |
| deres | theirs, yours |
| derfor | therefore |
| det | it, that, the |
| det vil sige | that is (to say), (in other words) |
| dette | this |
| dies (diei) (Latin) | day |
| difteritis | diphtheria |
| din, dit | your, yours |
| disse | these |
| ditto | ditto, the same |
| dom | abrev. dominica |
| dommer | judge |
| domhus | court, law-courts, house |
| dominica | the Lords day, Sunday, sabbath |
| domkirke | cathedral |
| dr.(dreng) | abreviation for dreng (boy) |
| drager | porter, carrier |
| dragon | a dragoon (a member of a military unit composed of heavily armed mounted troops) |
| dranker | drunkard |
| dreier, drejer | turner-lathe, lathe operator, turner |
| dreier-keramisk | thrower-ceramic |
| dreng | boy |
| drengebarn | male child |
| drengen | the boy |
| dronning | queen |
| druknet | drowned |
| drøftetrug | sifting trough, used to clean chaff from the grain |
| dysenteri | dysentery |
| døbt | christened, baptized |
| død | dead, deceased |
| døde | deceased, died |
| døden | the death |
| dødfødt | stillborn |
| dødsattest | certificate of death |
| dødsdag | day of death |
| dødsfald | death |
| dødsaarsag | cause of death |
| døtre | daughters |
| døv | deaf |
| døvstum | deaf and dumb |
| daab | christening, baptism |
| daaben | the christening |
E
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| efter | after |
| efter hans salig | after his death |
| efterkommer | descendant |
| efterladte | survivors, remaining |
| efterlevende | surviving |
| eftermiddag | afternoon |
| efternavn | surname, last name |
| egen | own |
| egentlige | actual |
| ej | not |
| eje | to own |
| ejendom | property, real estate |
| ejusdem (Latin) | the same |
| eller | or, or else |
| elleve | 11 |
| ellevte | 11th |
| embede | public office |
| embedsmand | public official |
| emigrant | emigrant |
| emigrere | emigrate |
| en og tredive | 31 |
| en og tredivte | 31st |
| en og tyve | 21 |
| en og tyvende | 21st |
| endnu | yet, still |
| enebarn | only child |
| enhver | each |
| enk. = enke, enkekone | widow |
| enkem. = enkemand | widower |
| eodem, eodem die (Latin) | the same, on the same day |
| epilepsy | epilepsy |
| er | is, are |
| erhverv | livelihood |
| erhvervsted | work place |
| et, en | a, one, someone, somebody |
| etage | story, floor |
F
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| fabrik | factory |
| fabriksarbejder | factory worker |
| fadder | godfather, godmother, sponsor |
| fader, far | father |
| falde, faldt | to fall, be killed in war |
| familie | family |
| fange | prisoner |
| far | father |
| farbroder | uncle, father’s brother |
| farfader | paternal grandfather |
| farfar | father\'s father |
| farmoder | father\'s mother |
| farmor | father\'s mother |
| farver | dyer |
| faster | aunt, father’s sister |
| fattig | poor, indigent |
| fattiglem | pauper |
| feber | fever |
| Februar | February |
| feldbereder | tanner |
| fem | 5 |
| fem og tyve | 25 |
| fem og tyvende | 25th |
| femte | 5th |
| femten | 15 |
| femtende | 15th |
| feria (Latin) | day, holiday |
| festum (Latin) | feast, festival, wedding |
| findested | finding place |
| fire | 4 |
| fire og tyve | 24 |
| fire og tyvende | 24th |
| firs | 80 |
| firsindstyvende | 80th |
| fiskehandler | fishdealer |
| fisker | fisherman |
| fjerde | 4th |
| fjorten | 14 |
| fjortende | 14th |
| flere | several, more |
| flittig | hardworking |
| flod | river |
| fluefanger | fly catcher |
| flygte | run away |
| flytte | move |
| flækfeber | blot fever |
| fod | foot |
| foged | sheriff |
| folio | double page |
| folk | people |
| folketallet | the population |
| folketælling | census |
| for | for, at, before, by |
| for endelig skifte og deling | for final probate and distribution |
| forblinde | blind |
| forblødning | bleeding to death |
| forbryder | criminal |
| forbrænde | burn |
| forbyde, forbuden | against, ban, prohibit |
| fordrukken | drunken |
| forening | union |
| forespurgt | inquired |
| forevist | shown, exhibit |
| forfatterens navn | the writers name |
| forfædre | ancestors |
| forhandler | dealer |
| forhenværende | former, formerly |
| forhus | house in front, often the main or owner’s house |
| forklaring | explanation |
| forlade | leave |
| forlovelse | engagement |
| forlover | he that gives the bride away, best man |
| forloverne | sponsors, bondsmen at marriage |
| forlovet | engaged (to be married) |
| formiddag | morning |
| formynder | guardian |
| fornavn | first name |
| fornødne | requisite, necessary, needful |
| forpagter | lessee, tenant |
| forretning | business |
| forrige | former |
| forstand | intellect, mind |
| forstoppelse | constipation |
| forsørges af | is supported by |
| fortælle | tell |
| forvalter | Steward. The estate's steward held the highest rank of all the estate's employees and reported directly to the nobleman. His job was the make sure the estate yielded the largest profit possible. |
| forældre | parents |
| forældreløs | orphan |
| forældrene | the parents |
| fosterbarn | foster child |
| fosterbørn | foster children |
| fosterdatter | foster daughter |
| fostersøn | foster son |
| fourer | quartermaster sergeant |
| fra | from,off, since |
| fraflytte | leave, move from |
| fraskilt | divorced |
| fraværende | absent |
| Fredag | Friday |
| fredsdommer | justice of the peace |
| frembragt | carried forth |
| fremstille | present |
| frille | mistress, concubine |
| frimand | freeholder |
| fripas | deferment (passed by) |
| frisør | hairdresser |
| frue | mrs., wife, lady, not a peasant women |
| fruen | the wife, the lady |
| fruentimmer | woman, unmarried woman (later became a derogatory term for a woman) |
| frugtsommelig | pregnant |
| frøken | miss., not a peasant woman |
| fuglebur | birdcage |
| fulde | full, complete |
| fuldmægtig | head clerk (with power of attorney) |
| fyldt | attained (age) |
| fyr | young man, fellow, fire |
| fyrmester | lighthouse keeper |
| fyrre | 40 |
| fyrretyvende | 40th |
| fælles | common, joint |
| fængsel | prison |
| fæstebonde | copyholder, leaseholder, farmer |
| fæstegaardmand | copy holder, leaseholder, farmer |
| fæstehusmand | copyholder, small holder |
| fæster | person who is leasing |
| fætter | cousin (male) |
| fødested | birthplace |
| fødsel | birth |
| fødselsdagen | the birthday |
| født | born |
| før | before |
| første | first |
| første gang gift | in first marriage |
| faar | sheep |
| faarehyrde | shepherd |
G
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| gade | street |
| galskab | insanity, madness |
| gammel, gl. | old, aged |
| garde | guard |
| gartner | gardener |
| garver | tanner |
| gejstlig | ecclesiastical |
| genealogi | genealogy |
| gennem | through |
| geografisk leksikon | gazetteer |
| gesandt | minister, envoy |
| gevær soldat | rifle soldier |
| gift, givt | married |
| gigt | rheumatism |
| gjørtlemager | brazier, castings maker |
| glarmester | glazier |
| god | good |
| gods | estate |
| godsejer | estate owner |
| gratis | free |
| grav | grave |
| graver | sexton |
| graverkarl | grave digger |
| gravida (Latin) | pregnant |
| gravør | engraver |
| gren | branch |
| grenader | infantryman |
| greve | count (nobility) |
| grevinde | countess |
| gris | pig |
| grosserer | merchant |
| grovsmed | blacksmith |
| grubearbejder | miner |
| grund | ground, reason |
| grønthandler | greengrocer |
| gudfader | godfather |
| gudmoder | godmother |
| gulsot | jaundice |
| gyldig | current, valid |
| gældsfængsel | debtors prison |
| gæstgiver | innkeeper |
| gørtler | brazier |
| gaa | go (walk) |
| gaar i dagleje | hired on a daily basis |
| gaar ud | walk out |
| gaard | farm |
| gaardbeboer | people living on a farm |
| gaardbrug | farm |
| gaardbruger | farmer |
| gaarde | farms, homes |
| gaardejer | farm owner |
| gaardfæster | copyholder, tenant |
| gaardmand | farmer, owner, independant |
| gåse-hilde | goose tether |
H
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| h. | often abrev. for hustru (wife) |
| hakkebræt | chopping board |
| hakkekniv | chopping knife |
| halshugget | decapitated |
| halv | half |
| halvfems | 90 |
| halvfemsindstyvende | 90th |
| halvfjerds | 70 |
| halvfjerdsindstyvende | 70th |
| halvtreds | 50 |
| halvtredsindstyvende | 50th |
| han, ham, hans | he, him, his |
| handelsmand | merchant, trader, salesman |
| handler | merchant, trader |
| handskemager | glove maker |
| hans | his |
| har | has, have |
| hattemager | hatmaker |
| havde | had |
| havn | harbor, port |
| hedder | named, is |
| heks | witch |
| heller | neither |
| hellig | holy, sacred |
| hende, hendes | her, hers |
| hensat | set aside, begravet |
| her | here |
| herom | about this |
| herred | judicial district |
| herremand | lord of the manor |
| herskabskusk | coachman |
| herskerinde | mistress |
| hest | horse |
| hestehandler | horse dealer |
| hidsig feber | burning fever, ardent fever |
| himmelseng | canopy bed |
| hindring | obstacle, hindrance |
| hittebarn | foundling (an abandoned infant) |
| hjem | home |
| hjemme, hiemme | at home |
| hjemmedøbt, hiemmedøbt | baptized at home |
| hjerte | heart |
| hjertefejl | heart disease |
| hjul | wheel |
| hjulmand | wheelwright |
| holde | hold, stop, keep |
| hor | adultery |
| hos | with, at, in |
| hospital | hospital |
| hospitalslem | hospital patient, welfare recipient |
| hoste | cough |
| hovedbogholder | chief accountant |
| hovedgaard | manor |
| hovedliste | main list |
| hovedperson | head of house |
| hovedrulle | complete list of military recruits |
| hovmester | butler |
| hr. | mr. |
| hugaf | old soldier |
| huggehus | workshop |
| hugger | sculptor |
| hun, hende, hendes | she, her, hers |
| hundred | 100 |
| hundrede | 100th |
| hus (huus) | house |
| husar, hussar | cavalryman |
| husbonde | husband, head of house |
| husejer | owner of house |
| husfader | head of the household |
| husfolk | small farmers, about a couple |
| husholderske | housekeeper |
| husmand | cottager. This is someone who either has a house and no land of significance or a small plot (husband med jord) which is not large enough to support a family |
| husmand med Jord | A cottager with a small plot of land |
| husmoder, huusmoder | wife, homemaker |
| husstand | household |
| hustru | wife |
| husfader | head of house |
| hvad | what |
| hvalfanger | whaler |
| hvem | whom |
| hver | every |
| hvid | white |
| hvilken | which |
| hvis | if, whose |
| hvor | where |
| hvornaar | when |
| hvorvidt | whether |
| hyrde | herdsman, shepherd |
| hængt sig | hanged him/her self |
| høj | tall, high, hill |
| højfrugtsommelig | very pregnant (i.e. near the end of the pregnancy) |
| højre | right |
| højædle og velbaarne | noble and welborn |
| høker | small shop keeper, grocer |
| håndsarbejdere | manual workers |
| håndkværn, haand qvern | hand mill, often used to grind malt for beer brewing |
| håndtering | occupation |
| håndværk | trade, handicraft |
I
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| i | in, at, to, into |
| ibidem ib, ibid (Latin) | in the same place |
| idem (Latin) | the same |
| ifølge | according to |
| igen | again |
| igennem | through |
| igaar | yesterday |
| ihjel, slaa ihjel | kill |
| ikke | not |
| ild | fire |
| imellem | between, among |
| imod | against |
| imorgen | tomorrow |
| inderste | tenant, renter |
| indestaar | vouch for the correctness of |
| indfandt | appeared |
| indhold | content |
| indlade | let in, admit |
| indsidder | tenant, renter |
| indskrive | record, enroll, enter |
| indvandrer | immigrant |
| indvandring | immigration |
| infans (Latin) | infant, child |
| indflytning | moving in |
| ingen | none |
| initiatus est (Latin) | he was baptized |
| intimere | to announce, make known, to make publicized |
| intet | no, none, neither, nothing |
| introduceret | introduced in church after childbirth |
J
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Jagtbøsser | hunting rifles - originally for nobles, but lower classes were allowed to hunt after 1840 |
| Januar | January |
| jeg (ieg) | I, self, ego |
| jomfru | maiden, miss., not a peasant woman, virgin |
| jord | land, soil |
| jordbrug | farming |
| jordmoder | midwife |
| jordet | buried |
| jordløs | without land |
| jordløshusmand | small farmer without land of his own. |
| Juli | July |
| Juni | June |
| jurist | lawyer |
| jæger | hunter |
| jævnførelsesregister | index in the back of a church book, until around 1875; theoretically references page numbers of baptismal, confirmation, marriage, and burial records for each person, but often only one event is referenced |
| Jøde | Jew |
K
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Kakkelovn | small stove for light dishes |
| kaldet | called, named, appointed |
| kammerjomfru | lady’s maid |
| kammerpige | lady’s maid |
| karetmager | coach builder |
| karl | youth, farmhand |
| kaste jord | bury, throw earth |
| kategori | category |
| katolsk | Catholic |
| kendskab | knowledge |
| kendt | known |
| Kgl. | abrev. for royal |
| kighoste | whooping cough |
| kirke | church |
| kirkebetjent | sexton |
| kirkebog | church book, parish register |
| kirkegaard | cemetery, churchyard |
| kirkeværge | church warden |
| kirkeaar | church year |
| kirkegang | church attendance |
| kiste | chest, coffin |
| kjøn (køn) | sex (gender) |
| kjønnet (kønnet) | the sex |
| kleinsmed | locksmith |
| klerk | clergyman, clerk |
| klinket fad | mended dish, sometimes mended with staples inserted in small drilled holes |
| klokker | bell ringer |
| klokkernes brug | use of church bells |
| ko | cow |
| koffardiskib | merchantman |
| kommis | shop assistant, clerk |
| kone, hustru | wife, a married woman |
| konen | the wife, |
| konfirmation | confirmation |
| konfirmerede | confirmed |
| konge | king |
| kongedømme | kingdom |
| kongelig | royal |
| kongsbonde | king’s yeoman |
| kontorist | clerk |
| kopper | smallpox |
| kort | map, short, card |
| krage til flæsk | bacon rack, for smoking meat in the chimney |
| krampetrækning | convulsion |
| krig | war |
| kristen | Christian (name) |
| Kristi, Kristus | Christ |
| kromand | innkeeper |
| kropsarbejder | manual worker |
| kræft | cancer |
| kræmmer | shopkeeper |
| krøbling | a cripple |
| kulgrosserer | coal merchant |
| kun | only |
| kunskab | knowledge |
| kusine | cousin (female) |
| kusk | coachman, teamster |
| kvinde, qvinde | woman |
| kvindefadder, qvindefadder | godmother |
| kvindekjøn (køn) | females, female gender |
| kvindemenneske | woman |
| kvinden | the woman |
| kvæg | cattle |
| kvæghyrde | herdsman |
| kvæle | choke, strangle |
| kyllinger | chickens (young) |
| kyst | coast |
| købe | to buy |
| køber | buyer |
| købman, købmand | merchant, storekeeper |
| købstad | market place, incorporated city |
| køn | sex (gender) |
L
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| lade, lod | permit, let, allow to |
| ladefoged | Subbailiff. This was an estate employee, typically in charge of buildings, tools, etc.; and was subordinate to the bailiff (ridefoged) and also participated in the management of the field work. Essentially he was the one who made sure the workers did not slack off and whipped them if necessary |
| land boelsmand | tenant farmer |
| landet | rural area |
| landmand | farmer |
| landsarkiv | state or provincial archive |
| landsby | village |
| landsoldat | soldier |
| langbænk | bench, used at a dining table |
| lappeskomager | cobbler |
| laugværge | guardian |
| lavværge | widow’s spokesman (guardian) |
| leje | hire |
| lejer | tenant |
| lensherre | feudal overlord |
| leve, levede | live, lived |
| lever | is sustained |
| leverandør | supplier, contractor |
| liden | little, small |
| lidt af | suffered from (cause of death) |
| lig | corpse |
| ligeledes | also, as well, likewise |
| ligesaa | the same, likewise |
| ligprædiken | sermon at funeral |
| lille | small, little |
| lirekassemand | lire player; usually someone with disability who wanders with a lire box to play in farms, markets, etc. and receive payment[1] |
| liv | life |
| livløs | dead |
| lod | fate, lot, destiny |
| logerende | tenant |
| lokal | local |
| lov | law |
| lovlig | legal, lawful |
| lovlydelig | respect for the law |
| lovstridende | illegal |
| lud fattig | destitute |
| lungebetændelse | pneumonia |
| lysestøbekar | candle maker |
| lysning | banns (marriage) |
| lædertouger | tanner |
| lægd | military levying district |
| lægdsrulle | military levying roll |
| læge | doctor, deputy doctor |
| længe | long |
| lærer | teacher |
| lærling | student, apprentice |
| læse | read |
| løbenummer | serial number |
| Lørdag | Saturday |
M
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| m.v. = med videre | with more |
| maaned | month |
| madmoder | woman of the house, housewife |
| maitresse | mistress |
| Maj | May |
| maler | painter |
| malkepige | dairymaid |
| mand | man |
| Mandag | Monday |
| manden | the man |
| mandfadder | godfather |
| mandkjøn (køn) | males, male gender |
| mange | many |
| marine | naval, navy |
| marinesoldat | seaman in military |
| mark | field |
| Marts | March |
| matrikel | land registration |
| matros | sailor |
| mavesyge | stomach ailment, diarrhea |
| med | with |
| med afdøde | with deceased |
| med videre | with more |
| medhjelper | assistant |
| medhustru | concubine, secondary wife |
| mejerist | dairyman |
| mejerske | dairymaid |
| men | but |
| mere | more, additional |
| menighed | congregation |
| mester | master (trade) |
| middag | noon |
| midlertidig | temporarily |
| midnat | midnight |
| mig | me |
| mil | metric mile (10 kilometers) |
| militær | military |
| min, mit | mine, my, mine |
| minde | consent, permission, remind, rememberance |
| mindste | smallest, youngest |
| minearbejder | miner |
| minut | minute |
| modtage | receive |
| moder, mor | mother |
| moderen | the mother |
| morbroder | uncle, mother’s brother |
| mord | murder |
| morfader, morfar | mother\'s father |
| morgen | morning |
| mormoder, mormor | mother\'s mother |
| mortis (Latin) | of death |
| mose | moor, bog |
| moster | aunt, mother’s sister |
| murer | mason |
| musiker | musician |
| myndig | of age (legal) |
| myndling(en) | (the) ward, charge |
| mælkekusk | milkman |
| mænd | men |
| mæslinger | measles |
| mø | maiden, virgin |
| møbelhandler | furniture dealer |
| mødom | virginity |
| mødte | met |
| mølle | mill |
| møllebygger | millwright |
| møller | miller |
| maaned | month |
| maaske | perhaps, maybe |
N
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| nabo | neighbor |
| nat | night |
| nati, nativitas (Latin) | birth |
| natus (Latin) | born |
| natvægter | night watchman |
| navn | name |
| navneklud | embroidery |
| navnet | named, the name |
| navnlig | especially |
| nedbrændte | burned down |
| nedslagte | butcher |
| nej | no |
| nemlig | namely |
| nevø | nephew |
| ni | 9 |
| ni og tyvende | 29th |
| niece | niece |
| niende | 9th |
| nitten | 19 |
| nittende | 19th |
| nogen, nogle | some, any |
| nomine (Latin) | by/with the name (of) |
| nord | north |
| Norge | Norway |
| Norsk | Norwegian |
| November | November |
| nu | now |
| nulevende | living |
| nummer | number |
| nutid | present |
| ny | new |
| nyfder almisse, nyder almisse | receives alms, welfare |
| nyfder ophold, nyder ophold | living at the place |
| nylig | lately |
| nytaar | new year |
| nær | near, close |
| næringsdrivende | tradesman |
| næringsvej | livelihood, trade |
| næste | next, neighbor |
| nævning | juror |
| naar | when, if, reach |
O
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| o.s.v. | etc. |
| oberst | colonel |
| offentlig | public |
| ofte | often |
| og | and |
| ogsaa | also |
| Oktober | October |
| oldefader | great-grandfather |
| oldemoder | great-grandmother |
| oliemølle | oil mill |
| oliefabrik | oil factory |
| om | if, about |
| omboende | neighboring |
| omdannet ostekar | re-used cheese vat |
| omegn | neighborhood, neighboring place |
| omflakkende | vagabond |
| omkomme | be killed |
| omkring | about, approximately |
| omstrejfer | vagabond, tramp, vagrant |
| omtrent | about, almost |
| onkel | uncle |
| Onsdag | Wednesday |
| op | up |
| opfostringshus | orphanage |
| opholde sig | reside(s), stay |
| opholder | live |
| opholdsted | place of residence |
| opløsning | dissolution of marriage or partnership |
| oppe | above, upstairs |
| optegnelse | record |
| opvaskepige | scullery maid |
| ordentlig | correct |
| os | us |
| otte | 8 |
| otte og tyvende | 28th |
| ottende | 8th |
| ovenmeldte, ovennævnte | above mentioned |
| overgartner | head gardener |
| overrække | present, give |
P
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| paa | on, upon |
| parcellist | holder of a small plot of land |
| pagina (Latin) | page |
| parcel | plot of land |
| particulier | bourgeois person |
| pastorat | parish |
| penge | money |
| pension | pension |
| person, personer | person, persons |
| personerne | the persons, the people |
| pige | girl, maid, servant |
| pigebarn | girl, young girl |
| pigen | the girl |
| plejebarn | foster child |
| plejebørn | foster children |
| plejedatter | foster daughter |
| plejefader | foster father |
| plejeforældre | foster parents |
| plejemoder | foster mother |
| plejesøn | foster son |
| plovmand | ploughman, 500 kroner note |
| portner | doorkeeper, porter |
| portvagt | gatekeeper |
| positivspiller | organ grinder |
| post, p. (Latin) | after |
| postbud | postman |
| pottemager | potter |
| prammand | bargeman |
| prins | prince |
| prinsesse | princess |
| proclamation | proclamation |
| protokollere | enter, record, register |
| provst | rural dean |
| provsti | deanery |
| provstinde | deans wife |
| prygl | flogging |
| prædike | preach |
| præst, præsten | priest, the priest, clergyman, minister |
| publicere | publish |
| pude, puude, puder | pillow(s) |
| pyramide, pyramidehylde | pyramid-shaped shelf, used for displaying a household's finest items until abt 1920s-1930s |
| paa | on, at |
| paa stedet | at this place |
| paadømmelse | judgement |
Q
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| qvinde, quinden | woman. the woman |
| qvindekiøn | females, female gender |
| qvindemenneske | woman |
R
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| rebslager | rope maker |
| rector | headmaster |
| reder | shipowner |
| rederi | shipping company, nest |
| register | index |
| registering og vurdering | inventory and appraisal |
| regnskab | account |
| rejse | travel |
| rekvirent | claimant |
| religion | religion |
| renatus (Latin) | baptized |
| resultat | result |
| ret | court |
| retslig | legal |
| ridder | knight |
| ringere | mindre, smaller than |
| ritmester | captain (milit., of horse) |
| rodemester | tax collector |
| roekniv | beet knife |
| rytter | cavalryman |
| rød | red |
| røgter | herdsman |
| rømt | deserted |
| røver | robber, highwayman |
| raadmand | councilman, alderman |
S
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| Sabbat | Sabbath |
| sadelmager | saddler |
| sagfører, advokat | lawyer, attorney |
| salig | deceased, blessed |
| samfund | society |
| samme | same, equal |
| sammen | together |
| sammenavlede | begotten |
| sammenviede | married together |
| samme sted | same place |
| samtlige | all |
| samtykke | consent |
| seddel | slip of paper, note about |
| seks | 6 |
| seks og tyve | 26 |
| seks og tyvende | 26th |
| seksten | 16 |
| sekstende | 16th |
| selv | self |
| selvejer | owner, freeholder |
| selvmord | suicide |
| selvtilhørig, selftilhørig | self-owned |
| senere | later |
| seng | bed |
| sengeliggende | bedridden |
| separeret | separated |
| September | September |
| session | session |
| side | page |
| siden | since, long ago |
| sidste | last |
| sig | himself, herself, oneself, itself |
| sin, sit, sine | his, hers, ones, its |
| sindssyg | mentally ill |
| sjette | 6th |
| skarlagensfeber | scarlet fever |
| skat | tax |
| skatteopkræver | tax collector |
| skedte | happened |
| skibsbygger | ship builder |
| skibsfører | ship master |
| skibskaptajn | ship master, captain |
| skifte | probate |
| skifteprotokoll | probate record |
| skiftesamling | meeting of heirs |
| skilsmisse | divorce |
| skilt | divorced |
| skoflikker | cobbler |
| skole | school |
| skoleholder | school master, teacher |
| skolelærer | school master, teacher |
| skomager | shoemaker |
| skorstensfejer | chimney sweep |
| skovarbejder | woodman, lumberjack |
| skovfoged | forester, forest ranger on an estate. Reports to the head forester (ridefoged). |
| skovridere | head forester, forest ranger |
| skriver | scribe |
| skrædder | tailor |
| skæppemål | bushel measure; abt 1/8 of a grain barrel, or about 17 liters |
| skøde | deed (property) |
| slag | stroke, blow |
| slagfredsdatter | illegitimate daughter |
| slagfredssøn | illegitimate son |
| slagter | butcher |
| slavehandler | slave dealer |
| slegfredbarn | illegitimate child (inherit from biological mother like legitimate children [1]) |
| slettet | removed (released) |
| sliibe steen, slibesten | grindstones |
| slot | castle |
| slusemester | lock keeper |
| slusepasser | locksman |
| slutte | finish |
| slutter | jailer |
| slægt | family, lineage, relatives |
| slægtninge | relatives |
| slægtsbog | family book |
| slægtsforskning | genealogy |
| slægtsnavn | family name |
| slå ihjel | kill |
| smed | smith |
| snart | soon |
| snedker | cabinetmaker |
| cutting bench, work bench | |
| sogn, sogne | parish |
| sognebarn | parishioner |
| sognefoged | constable, sheriff |
| sognet | the parish |
| sognepræst | parish priest, clergyman, minister |
| sognepræsten | the parish priest |
| soldat | soldier |
| soldaten | the soldier |
| som | who, whom, which, that, |
| som formynder for børnene | as guardian for the children |
| som mødte | who was present |
| som værge for de umyndige børn | as guardian for the minor children |
| sort | black |
| spillemand | musician, fiddler |
| spiserkammer | pantry |
| spædbarn | infant, baby |
| sprinkler | see flækfeber |
| stambøger | muster rolls |
| stampekærne | butter/cream churn |
| stamtavle | descendancy chart |
| stand | social position |
| sted | place (location) |
| stedbarn | stepchild |
| stedbørn | stepchildren |
| steddatter, stedsøn, stedmoder, stedfader | stepdaughter, stepson, stepmother, stedfather |
| stednavn | local place name |
| stedsøn | stepson |
| stenhugger | stonecutter |
| stifbarn | stepchild |
| stift | diocese |
| stilling | status, position, occupation |
| stor | big, great |
| strygejern | iron, typically used on smaller items; early irons were made of brass, 18th/19th century irons were made of cast iron |
| studehandler | horsetrader |
| stuehus | farmhouse |
| stuepige | housemaid |
| stum | dumb (can’t speak) |
| sukkertang | sugar cutter |
| sulekammer | larder |
| summa (Latin) | totals |
| svag | weak |
| svaghed | weakness |
| svend | journeyman |
| svensk | swedish |
| Sverige | Sweden |
| svigerdatter | daughter-in-law |
| svigerfader | father-in-law |
| svigerfader | father-in-law |
| svigerinde, svogerske | sister-in-law, (see svogerske) |
| svigermoder | mother-in-law |
| svigersøn | son-in-law |
| svoger | brother-in-law |
| svogerske | sister-in-law, (see svigerinde) |
| svulst | tumor |
| syd | south |
| syersker | seamstress |
| syg | sick |
| sygdom | disease |
| sypige | seamstress |
| sytten | 17 |
| syttende | 17th |
| syv | 7 |
| syv og tyvende | 27th |
| syvende | 7th |
| sø | sea, lake |
| søfolk | seamen, sailors |
| søge | search |
| søkaptajn | sea captain |
| sølv | silver |
| sømand | sailor |
| søn | son |
| Søndag | Sunday |
| sønder | southern |
| sønnedatter | son’s daughter |
| sønnekone | son’s wife |
| sønnen | the son |
| sønnerne | the sons |
| sønnesøn | son’s son |
| søskende | siblings |
| søster | sister |
| saa | saw (see), if so, so, sow (seed) |
| saadan | such |
| saaledes | thus |
T
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| tal | number, count |
| tandlæge | dentist |
| tante | aunt |
| tater | gipsy |
| teglbrænder | brick burner |
| teglmager | brickmaker |
| teglværk | brickyard |
| tehandler | tea dealer |
| tengsel | small ax for hollowing out wood |
| testamente | last will |
| testes (Latin) | witnesses |
| ti | 10 |
| tid | time |
| tidlig, tidligt | early |
| tidsskrift | periodical |
| tiende | 10th |
| tjenestefolk | servants, employees |
| tigger, betler | beggar |
| til | to, until, for, of, into |
| til hindring | hindrance, prevent,obstruction |
| til lysning | publication of the banns |
| tilforn | earlier, before |
| tilgang | arrivals |
| tilgangsliste | moving-in records |
| tilladelse | permission |
| tilligemed | together with |
| tillægsliste | supplement list |
| tillægsrullen | the supplement roll |
| tilstede | present |
| tilvidere | following |
| time | hour |
| ting | court |
| tingsret | the law of property |
| Tirsdag | Tuesday |
| titel | title |
| tjene, tiene | serve, work |
| tjenende | serving, serves (followed by employers name) |
| tjener, tiener | serve, work |
| tjeneste | service |
| tjenestedreng | servant (male) |
| tjenestefolk | servants, employees |
| tjenestekarl | farm hand (male) |
| tjenestepige | maid, servant (female) |
| to | 2 |
| to og tyve | 22 |
| to og tyvende | 22nd |
| tobaksarbejder | tobacco worker |
| tolv | 12 |
| tolvte | 12th |
| Torsdag | Thursday |
| tre | 3 |
| tre og tyve | 23 |
| tre og tyvende | 23rd |
| tredivte | 30th |
| tredje | 3rd |
| treenigheden | the Trinity |
| tres | 60 |
| tresindstyvende | 60th |
| tretten | 13 |
| trettende | 13th |
| trolove | betrothal |
| trolovet | engaged to be married |
| trossamfund | religion |
| træskærer | wood carver |
| tuberkulose | consumption, tuberculosis |
| tugthus | prison |
| tusind | 1000 |
| tusinde | 1000th |
| tvilling | twin |
| tyende | servant |
| tyfus | typhoid fever |
| tyr | bull |
| Tysk | German |
| Tyskland | Germany |
| tyve | 20 |
| tyvende | 20th |
| tæring | tuberculosis |
| tømmermand | carpenter |
| tømrer | carpenter |
U
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| ud | out |
| uddrag | extract |
| uden | without |
| uden jord | without land |
| udenfor | outside of |
| udflytning | moving out |
| udføre | carry out, perform |
| udi | from (or) in |
| udlagt | said to be, claimed |
| udlandet | foreign country (ies) |
| udmærke/udmærket | to excel/excellent |
| udslettet | removed |
| udvandre | emigrate |
| udvandring | emigration |
| udøbt | not baptized |
| uge | week |
| uger | weeks |
| ugift, ugivt | single, unmarried |
| ukendt | unknown |
| umyndige | minor (not of age) |
| under | under, below |
| underskrevne | signer |
| underskrift | signature |
| undertegnet | the undersigned |
| undtagen | except |
| ung | young |
| ungfolk | young people |
| ungkarl = ungk. | bachelor |
| ungnød, wngnød | young cow, two-year-old calf, cow that has not yet had calves of its own |
| urmager | clock or watch maker |
| urtekræmmer | grocer |
| uægte | illigitimate |
V, W
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| vaccineret | vaccinated |
| vagabond | vagabond |
| valkebræt | fulling board; used to full newly-knitted cloth, making it stronger |
| vanfør | crippled, disabled |
| var, blive, være, er | was, be, to be, is |
| varmemester | boilerman |
| vaskebræt | washboard |
| vaskekone | washerwoman, laundress |
| vattersot | dropsy |
| ved | at, by, on |
| ved døden er afgået | who died |
| vedkommende | person concerned |
| vegne | in behalf of |
| vej | road |
| vejmand | roadmender |
| velborn | noble, wellborn |
| venstre | left |
| vest | west |
| vidner | witnesses |
| viet, vielse | wedding ceremony |
| vindmølle | windmill |
| vinhandler | wine merchant |
| wngnød, ungnød | young cow, two-year-old calf, cow that has not yet had calves of its own |
| vogn | carriage, wagon |
| vognmand | teamster |
| vor | our |
| Vor Herre | the Lord |
| vurderingsmænd | appraisers |
| vægter | night watchman |
| vægskab | wall cabinet; lock placed near the end where the man would sit at the table, contained important items such as tobacco, money, papers, etc. |
| værd | worth |
| værdig | worthy |
| være | be |
| været | been |
| værge | guardian |
| værthusholder | innkeeper |
| væver | weaver |
X,Y,Z
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| yndling | favorite child, pet |
| yngre | younger |
| yngste | youngest |
Æ
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| ædel | noble |
| ægte, egte | legitimate, born in wedlock |
| ægtefolk | married couple |
| ægtefælle | spouse |
| ægteskab | marriage |
| ægteskabelig | marital, conjugal |
| ægteviede | legally married |
| ældst | oldest |
| ældre | older than, advanced in life |
| ældste (religion) | elder (religious title) |
| ærlig | honest |
Ø
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| øde | desolate, waste |
| ødemark | wasteland, wilderness |
| øje | eye |
| ølanker | beer barrel |
| øldunk | beer jug |
| ønske | wish, desire, want |
| øst | east |
| øvre | upper |
Å
| Danish | English |
|---|---|
| å | see aa |
| åndsuro | deranged, "out of himself" (literal translation: spirit turmoil) |
- ↑ Ordbog Over Det Danske Sprog, https://ordnet.dk/ods_en/dictionary-1?query=Positivspiller&hi=positivspiller&entry_id=60105648&set_language=en